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9、Ludi
竞技庆典
The ludi were public games that were normally held in conjunction with religious festivals, though there were occasional events which were secular in nature. Many of them were annual events, especially the religious ones, andthe most famous was the Ludi Romani, which honored Jupiter and was held each September. (It’s the oldest of the ludi and was the only one held in Rome for 300 years after it first began.)
虽然竞技庆典中偶尔也存在一些世俗性的节目，但通常都是在宗教节日的时候举行的公开竞技。其中许多都是一年一度的项目，尤其是那些与宗教相关的，在那之中最有名的就是“罗马节”了，这是为了表达对朱庇特（罗马神话中的宙斯大帝）的尊敬而在每年九月举行的盛典。（这是竞技庆典中最古老的节目，同时也是唯一一项在初次创立之后，时隔300年又在罗马举行的节目。）
Ludi normally consisted of chariot races, as well as animal hunts. Later editions incorporated gladiatorial combat and there were even special ludi, which were strictly theatrical performances. The ludi with the largest gap in celebration was probably the Ludi Saeculares, or Secular Games. Held in honor of a saeculum, or the longest estimated human lifespan, the Ludi Saeculares were held once every 110 years. (Historian Zosimus actually blames the fall of the Roman Empire on the Romans neglecting to honor this ancient festival.)
竞技庆典一般来说包括战车竞技和动物狩猎。再后来也加入了角斗甚至是一些特殊的竞技项目，那些节目完全属于戏剧性的表演。竞技庆典与普通的庆祝活动最大的不同可能在于罗马百年祭，也称为百年大祭。为了纪念一个百年，或者是估计的人类最长的寿命，罗马百年祭每110年举行一次。（实际上历史学家佐西穆斯将罗马帝国的衰落归咎为罗马人忽视了对这个古老的节日的纪念。）
