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One year after Russia invaded Ukraine, the worldwide economy is still feeling the effects.
在俄罗斯入侵乌克兰一年后，全球经济仍在受影响。
There are fewer supplies of grain, fertilizer and energy.
粮食、化肥和能源供应越来越少。
There is also higher inflation and more economic uncertainty.
此外，通货膨胀率上升，经济不确定性增加。
But as bad as the war's impact has been, it could have been worse.
但是，尽管战争的影响已经很糟糕，但情况可能会更糟。
Companies and countries in the developed world have been able to survive the difficulties.
发达世界的公司和国家都能够挺过难关。
In developing economies, however, the pain has been worse.
然而，在发展中经济体，痛苦更加严重。
In the United States and other wealthy countries, there has been a rise in consumer prices, caused in part by the war's effect on oil prices.
在美国和其他富裕国家，消费者价格一直在上涨，部分原因是战争对油价的影响。
But the price increase has eased.
但价格上涨的势头有所缓和。
It has raised hopes that the U.S. Federal Reserve will not raise interest rates in the world's largest economy.
这让人们对美国联邦储备委员不会提高世界最大经济体的利率产生了希望。
Higher interest rates could lead to a recession.
高利率可能会导致经济衰退。
Some good luck has helped, too.
一些好运气也起了作用。
A warm winter has helped lower natural gas prices and limit the damage from an energy crisis, after Russia largely cut off gas to Europe.
在俄罗斯基本上切断了其对欧洲的天然气供应后，暖冬帮助降低了天然气价格，限制了能源危机的损害。
But in ways big and small, the war is causing pain.
但在大大小小的方面，这场战争正在造成痛苦。
In Europe, for example, natural gas prices are still three times higher than they were before Russia began its invasion.
例如，在欧洲，天然气价格仍然是俄罗斯开始入侵之前的三倍。
High food prices are especially difficult for the poor.
高粮价对穷人来说尤其困难。
The war has affected wheat, barley and cooking oil exports from Ukraine and Russia.
这场战争影响了乌克兰和俄罗斯的小麦、大麦和食用油出口。
The two countries are major suppliers for Africa, the Middle East and parts of Asia where many struggle with hunger.
这两个国家是非洲、中东和亚洲部分地区的主要供应国。在这些地区，许多人在与饥饿作斗争。
Russia was also the top supplier of fertilizer.
俄罗斯也是最大的化肥供应国。
In Nigeria, a top importer of Russian wheat, average food prices increased 37 percent last year.
尼日利亚是俄罗斯小麦的最大进口国，该国去年的平均食品价格上涨了37%。
Bread prices have doubled in some places because of wheat shortages.
由于小麦短缺，一些地方的面包价格翻了一番。
"People have huge decisions to make," said Alexander Verhes.
亚历山大·弗赫斯说：“人们需要做出重大决定。”
He runs Life Flour Mill Limited in Nigeria's southern Delta state.
他在尼日利亚南部三角州经营着生命面粉厂有限公司。
He added, "What food do they buy? Do they spend it on food? Schooling? Medication?"
他补充说，“他们买什么食物？他们会把钱花在买食物上、学校教育上还是买药上？”
At least 40 percent of bread bakeries in the Nigerian capital of Abuja shut down after the price of flour jumped about 200 percent.
在尼日利亚首都阿布贾，在面粉价格上涨约200%后，至少40%的面包店倒闭。
In Spain, the government is spending 300 million euros to help farmers buy fertilizer.
在西班牙，政府花费3亿欧元帮助农民购买化肥。
The price of fertilizer has doubled since Russia's war in Ukraine.
自俄乌战争发生以来，化肥价格翻了一番。
"Fertilizer is vital because the land needs food," said Jose Sanchez.
何塞·桑切斯说：“肥料至关重要，因为土地需要食物”。
He is a farmer in the village of Anchuelo, east of Madrid.
他是马德里东部安丘埃洛村的一名农民。
It all means a slowing world economy.
这一切都意味着世界经济放缓。
The International Monetary Fund (IMF) dropped growth expectations this year.
国际货币基金组织下调了今年的增长预期。
The IMF says prices increased 7.3 percent in the wealthiest countries last year.
国际货币基金组织表示，去年最富裕国家的物价上涨了7.3%。
That was above its January 2022 prediction of 3.9 percent.
这高于其2022年1月预测的3.9%。
Prices increased 9.9 percent in poorer countries, up from 5.9 percent expected pre-invasion.
较贫穷国家的物价上涨了9.9%，高于战前预期的5.9%。
In Indonesia's capital, Jakarta, many street food sellers know they cannot make people pay more money.
在印度尼西亚首都雅加达，许多街头小贩知道他们不能让人们支付更多的钱。
So some are giving smaller portions instead, in a practice known as "shrinkflation.''
因此，一些小贩给了较小的份量，这一做法被称为“缩水式通胀”。
"One kilogram of rice was for eight portions ... but now we made it 10 portions," said Mukroni who runs a food stand.
经营小吃摊的穆克罗尼说：“一公斤大米是8人份的……但现在我们改成了10人份。”
People, he said, "will not come to the shop" if prices are too high.
他说，如果价格太高，人们“就不会来店里”。
"We hope for peace," he said, "because, after all, no one will win or lose, because everyone will be a victim."
“我们希望和平，”他说，“因为，毕竟没有人会赢或输，因为每个人都将是受害者。”
I'm Dan Novak.
丹·诺瓦克为您播报。
译文为可可英语翻译，未经授权请勿转载！
