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The U.S. Supreme Court ruled Thursday that a New York law requiring a special reason to carry a gun in public is unconstitutional.
美国最高法院星期四裁定，纽约州一项要求人们证明有在公共场合携带枪支的特殊理由的法律是违反宪法的。
The decision represents a major expansion of gun rights in states with similar laws.
这项裁决扩大了拥有类似法律的州的枪支权利。
It also comes when there is political division over the issue of gun laws and concerns over gun violence.
同时也引发了人们在枪支法律问题上的政治分歧以及对枪支暴力的担忧。
The court’s 6-3 decision follows recent mass shootings in such places as an elementary school in Uvalde, Texas, and a food store in Buffalo, New York.
最近，在得克萨斯州乌瓦尔德镇的一所小学和纽约州布法罗的一家食品店等地发生大规模枪击事件后，最高法院以6票赞成、3票反对的结果做出了这项裁决。
The ruling also was issued as the U.S. Congress is working on legislation dealing with guns.
在这项裁决发布之际，美国国会正在确立有关处理枪支问题的法案。
Justice Clarence Thomas wrote for the majority.
克拉伦斯·托马斯大法官代表了大多数人。
He said that the U.S. Constitution protects “an individual’s right to carry a handgun for self-defense outside the home.”
他说，美国宪法保护“个人在户外携带手枪以自卫的权利”。
The majority of justices struck down a New York law requiring people to show a “proper cause” or specific need in order to get a permit to carry a gun in public.
大多数法官推翻了纽约州的一项法律，该法律要求人们证明有携带枪支的“正当理由”或特殊需要才能获得在公共场合携带枪支的许可。
The justices said the requirement violates the Second Amendment right to “keep and bear arms” and the Fourteenth Amendment.
法官们表示，这一要求违反了美国宪法第二修正案“持有和携带武器”的权利和第十四修正案。
Justice Stephen Breyer and two other justices disagreed with the majority’s ruling.
大法官斯蒂芬·布雷耶和另外两名法官不同意这项多数人的裁决。
He wrote, “Since the start of this year alone (2022), there have already been 277 reported mass shootings—an average of more than one per day.”
他写道：“仅从今年（2022年）年初以来，就已经报道了277起大规模枪击事件——平均每天超过一起。”
New York Governor Kathy Hochul, who is a member of the Democratic Party, said the court’s decision comes at a painful time.
纽约州州长、民主党成员凯茜·霍楚尔说，最高法院的这一裁决是在一个痛苦的时刻做出的。
She said the state is still mourning the deaths of 10 people in a mass shooting at a Buffalo-area food store.
她说，该州仍在哀悼在布法罗地区一家食品店发生的大规模枪击事件中死亡的10人。
She called the decision “reprehensible,” meaning it is something that should be criticized.
她称这一裁决“应受到谴责”，意思是这是应该受到批评的事情。
She also said, “It’s not what New Yorkers want.”
她还说，“这不是纽约人想要的。”
American President Joe Biden, also a Democrat, said, "This ruling contradicts both common sense and the Constitution, and should deeply trouble us all."
美国总统乔·拜登也是民主党人，他说：“这项裁决既违背常识，也违背宪法，应该会让我们所有人忧虑不安。”
He added that, after the shootings in Buffalo and Uvalde, "…we must do more as a society - not less - to protect our fellow Americans."
他还说，在布法罗和乌瓦尔德镇发生枪击事件后，“……作为一个社会，为了保护我们的美国同胞，我们必须做更多，而不是更少。”
Wayne LaPierre is a leader of the gun rights organization National Rifle Association.
韦恩·拉皮埃尔是枪支权利组织“全国步枪协会”的领导人。
He called the court’s decision a “win for good men and women all across America.”
他称最高法院的这项裁决是“全美善良的男女的胜利”。
He said in a statement: “The right to self-defense and to defend your family and loved ones should not end at your home."
他在一份声明中说：“自卫和保护家人与所爱之人的权利不应仅止于家里。”
New York’s law has been in place since 1913.
纽约州的这项法律自1913年以来开始实施。
Under the law's "proper cause" requirement, people seeking an unrestricted concealed carry permit must show a need for self-defense.
根据这项法律的“正当理由”要求，申请不受限制的隐蔽持枪许可的人必须证明有自卫的需要。
State officials also gave restricted licenses to carry a weapon for specific purposes such as hunting, target shooting, or going to and from their place of business.
州官员还发放了限制性许可证，只能在有特定目的的情况下携带枪支，如狩猎、射击或往返他们的营业地。
Firearms safety groups and gun control activists feared that a ruling against New York’s law would lead to more guns on the streets and higher rates of violent crime.
枪支安全组织和枪支管制活动人士担心，推翻这项纽约州法律的裁决会导致街头枪支更多，暴力犯罪率更高。
They feared that such a ruling could endanger bans on guns in sensitive places such as airports, courthouses, hospitals and schools.
他们担心，这样的裁决可能会危及机场、法院、医院和学校等敏感场所的禁枪令。
The ruling is the high court’s first major gun decision in more than 10 years.
这是最高法院10多年来第一次就枪支问题做出的重大裁决。
It affects Americans living in several states including California, Hawaii, Maryland, Massachusetts, New Jersey and Rhode Island.
它影响了居住在包括加利福尼亚州、夏威夷、马里兰州、马萨诸塞州、新泽西州和罗德岛州在内的一些州的美国人。
These states have similar laws to New York’s.
这些州有和纽约州类似的法律。
The Supreme Court last issued a major gun decision in 2010.
最高法院上一次就枪支问题做出重大裁决是在2010年。
In that decision and also in a ruling in 2008, the justices confirmed a nationwide right to keep a gun at home for self-defense.
在那次裁决和2008年的一项裁决中，法官们确立了在全国范围内个人在家中保留枪支以自卫的权利。
In Thursday’s decision, the court expanded the right to carry a gun outside the home.
在周四的裁决中，最高法院扩大了外出携带枪支的权利。
The court’s decision to expand gun rights comes as gun laws are a hotly disputed political issue.
最高法院扩大枪支权利的裁决发布之际，枪支法是一个备受争议的政治问题。
A Pew Research Center study in 2021 found that over half of Americans, 53 percent, say gun laws should be stricter than they are currently.
皮尤研究中心2021年的一项研究发现，超过一半（53%）的美国人认为枪支法应该比现在更严格。
The study said that opinion was held by 81 percent of Democrats and Democratic-leaning independents.
该研究称，81%的民主党人和倾向于民主党的无党派人士持这种观点。
But only 20 percent of Republicans and Republican supporters agreed.
但只有20%的共和党人和共和党支持者同意这一观点。
I’m Jonathan Evans.
乔纳森·埃文斯为您播报。
译文为可可英语翻译，未经授权请勿转载！
