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From NHK TV in Japan to the city of Chickasha, Oklahoma, we welcome our viewers from all over the world.
从日本NHK电视台到俄克拉何马州的切克沙镇,欢迎世界各地的观众们收看CNN学生新闻。
First up on commercial free CNN STUDENT NEWS we are taking you to Africa. The Ebola outbreak we've been following this year has mostly been limited to West Africa. But new cases of the hemorrhagic fever are turning up in the Democratic Republic of Congo, in Central Africa. It appears to be a different strain of the virus, meaning it's a separate one from the outbreak that's killed 1500 people in West Africa.
不含商业广告的CNN学生新闻带你前往的第一站是非洲。我们今年追踪报道爆发的埃博拉病毒主要是在西非国家地区。但是在中非刚果民主共和国却有新的出血热病例出现。并且看起来是不同病毒引起，这意味着埃博拉病毒已经造成西非1500人死亡，现在又出现了另一种新型病毒。
But doctors are scrambling to contain it, because Congo borders nine other countries, and an outbreak there could be catastrophic. There's no cure. Ebola kills many of those who get it. Though people can survive, if they are treated quickly with fluids, medicines and nutrients.
但医生们正忙于抑制埃博拉病毒的传染，因为刚果与9个非洲国家相邻，如果病毒爆发会造成灾难性的后果。而且目前没有治疗方法。埃博拉病毒已经造成了很多感染者死亡。如果及时救治，药物和营养充足，患者也许可以幸存。
One big question, though, how do you stop it?
而现在最大的问题就是如何控制疫情。
Ebola outbreak in Africa has left hundreds dead and many more infected. To halt even more infections, finding and treating all the patients is key. But just as important as finding and monitoring all the people who had close contact with those patients.
非洲国家爆发的埃博拉病毒已经造成成百上千人死亡，更多人感染。为了控制病毒传播，寻找治疗患者就成了唯一的解决办法。但是找出和监测所有与感染患者接触的人群也是同等重要。
These people, they may have slept in the same house, they may have come in contact with the patients' body fluids. And not all of the patients' close contacts are going to get sick. But those who do can then expose even more people to Ebola. It's called a chain of transmission. I want to give you a real world example from an Ebola outbreak in the early 2000s.
这些人可能在同一个房间中睡过觉，可能接触过病人的体液。不是所有与患者有过接触的人就会感染病毒，但是病毒感染者的数量可能会扩大。这就是所谓的传播链。下面为你带来的是2000年初埃博拉疫情爆发时传播的真实案例。
A young woman from Uganda didn't know she was sick with Ebola. She had closed contacts with six people. Her baby and father in law, they both got sick. The baby then got his grandmother sick and she had contact with two more people as well. The father in law had close contact with 12 people.
一位不知道自己感染了埃博拉病毒的乌干达年轻女性曾与6个人有过接触。结果她的孩子，岳父都被感染该。然后她的孩子又把病毒传染给了他的奶奶，进而又感染了其他2位接触的人。她的岳父曾与12个人亲密接触，
Out of that, his brother and cousin both got sick. The brother then had close contact with four more people, and the cousin had close contact with five more people, including another brother who'd used his blanket and also got sick. That's how Ebola can spread. From one generation of disease, all the way around to another generation and then another.
除了这些，他的哥哥和堂兄都因此被感染。然后他的哥哥又与其他4人有过接触，堂兄与另外5人接触，包括另一位用过病人毯子的哥哥也因此而受到感染。这就是埃博拉的传播途径。从一代人传染给另一代人。
Breaking this chain of transmission is crucial. And one way to do it is do something known as contact tracing. Basically, disease detectives use every source they can find to find people who may have had contact with the person sick with Ebola. And then for 21 days they monitor each person looking for signs and symptoms like a fever. And if it looks like someone who's starting to get sick, they are asked to go to an isolation ward.
所以打破这种传播链就变得至关重要，其中一个方法就是进行接触者追踪。基本上疾病监察员利用所有资源寻找与埃博拉患者有过接触的人。然后接下来的21天之内他们发现每个人都出现了类似发烧的迹象和症状。如果有人看起来生病就会被隔离。
Now, in previous person outbreaks this contact tracing has been pretty effective at halting new transmissions. But the current outbreak is unprecedented in size and scope. The World Health Organization says it's so far more than 8500 of those close contacts have been identified. And just imagine that. How daunting it would be to follow for 21 days more than 8500 people in the region of the world with fewer resources and then remote locations. If you miss even one exposed individual and they get sick, the virus keeps spreading. And this outbreak won't be over until there's been 42 days with no new cases.
以前实施的这种追踪已经有效控制新疫情的传播。但是现在的疫情在规模和感染范围上是前所未有。世界卫生组织表示目前为止已经有8500人被确认为与埃博拉患者有过接触。想象一下，在21天中怎样利用少之又少的资源远程监测这8500人的身体反应。你即使是错过一个感染病毒的个体，病毒传播就会持续蔓延。而且这种疫情直到42天内出现新病例才会停止传播。
Moving east of the African continent now to the region of the Middle East. Rockets and airstrikes have brought explosions to Israel and Gaza.
接下来我们从非洲大陆东部前往中东地区。以色列和加沙现在已经被漫天火箭，空袭的炮弹和爆炸弥漫。
Hamas is the group that controls the Palestinian territory of Gaza. Israel and the U.S. label Hamas a terrorist organization. It recently admitted to kidnapping and killing three Israeli teenagers in June. That set off the new flare up of an old conflict. A Palestinian teenager was killed in early July. Rocket attacks from Gaza and airstrikes from Israel have been on and off ever since.
哈马斯是控制加沙地带巴勒斯坦领土的集团。以色列和美国将哈马斯列为恐怖组织。而该组织最近承认于6月绑架并杀害3名以色列青少年。这无疑是在这场已有的冲突上火上浇油。而在7月初一名巴勒斯坦少年被杀。一直以来来自加沙的火箭弹袭击和从以色列空袭就未曾停止。
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