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Even if legislation criminalizing fake news advances, it may be difficult to implement because it would require global tech giants to usher in sweeping policy changes.
即使将假新闻定为犯罪的立法取得进展，也可能很难实施，因为这需要全球科技巨头引入全面的政策变革。
But the power of Brazil’s courts in forcing the hand of tech platforms became evident earlier this year, when a Supreme Court judge banned Telegram after Brazil’s federal police had repeatedly tried to get in touch with the platform to request the removal of what it deemed dangerous content.
但今年早些时候，巴西法院迫使科技平台采取行动的力量变得明显起来，当时最高法院的一名法官禁止了Telegram，此前，巴西联邦警察曾多次试图与该平台取得联系，要求删除其认为危险的内容。
The messaging app then came around, signing on to rules governing misinformation set out by electoral officials.
然后这款即时通讯应用转而接受了意见，签署了选举官员制定的管理虚假信息的规则。
“We will only reach a solution when platforms are made responsible for identifying and helping authorities to criminally punish those who produce fake news,” says Mr. Nunes.
努内斯说，“只有当平台承担责任识别并帮助当局对制造假新闻的人进行刑事惩罚时，我们才能找到解决方案。”
For the fake news machine churning out false information, the pandemic proved a boon.
对于炮制虚假信息的假新闻机器来说，疫情是一个福音。
Producers of misleading content were able to hone their craft, says Sérgio Lüdtke, who leads the Comprova Project, a monitoring collective made up of 40 Brazilian media outlets and funded by Google and Meta, the parent company of Facebook.
Comprova项目是一个由40家巴西媒体组成的监督团体，由谷歌和脸书的母公司Meta资助。该项目的负责人塞尔吉奥·吕特克表示，误导性内容的生产者能够磨练他们的技艺。
“It was almost like a training ground for them in what works and what doesn’t,” Mr. Lüdtke says.
吕特克说:“这几乎就像一个训练基地，让他们知道什么行得通，什么行不通。”
Those spreading disinformation are growing more sophisticated, experts say.
专家表示，散布虚假信息的人越来越老练。
False messages have become increasingly subtle in how they convey their version of the news, omitting context or inviting misinterpretation instead of offering up overtly fabricated storylines.
虚假信息在传达自己对新闻的看法方面变得越来越微妙，通过省略上下文，或招致误解，而不是公开编造故事情节的方法。
Brazilians fall for fake news more than their counterparts in other countries battling misinformation such as the United States and Italy, a 2020 study concluded, with 73% believing at least one false claim during the pandemic.
2020年的一项研究得出结论，与美国和意大利等与虚假信息作斗争的国家相比，巴西人更容易被假新闻欺骗，在疫情期间，73%的人相信至少一项虚假说法。
“It is (no) longer necessary to invent a whole new narrative” when spreading misinformation, says Mr. Lüdtke.
吕特克说，在传播虚假信息时，“不再需要创造一种全新的叙事”。
“It’s enough to raise doubt, to suggest a link that isn’t there, and to let people draw a false conclusion.”
“这足以引起怀疑，暗示不存在的联系，并让人们得出错误的结论。”
This is making the work of initiatives like Comprova more painstaking.
这使得像Comprova这样的倡议工作更加艰苦。
The group is currently running the course in which Ms. Lacerda and upwards of 2,200 others took part, in hopes of teaching Brazilians who didn’t grow up as digital natives how to spot fake news.
该组织目前正在举办一个课程，拉瑟达和其他2200多人参加了这个课程，希望教那些不擅长处理数字信息的巴西人如何去识别假新闻。
“We have to figure out how people are interpreting this misleading information and then deconstruct that narrative,” Mr. Lüdtke says.
“我们必须弄清楚人们是如何解读这些误导性信息的，然后解构这种叙事，”吕特克说。
