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And nongovernmental organizations are working to teach digital literacy and fact-checking, in hopes that with a little help, citizens can identify misinformation and play a central role in stopping its spread in their communities.
非政府组织正在努力教授数字知识以及事实核查，希望通过一点帮助，公民可以识别虚假信息，并在阻止这类信息在社区传播方面发挥核心作用。
“We end up with multiple versions of the truth out there, circulating,” says Valerie Wirtschafter, a senior data analyst at The Brookings Institution, who studies misinformation in Brazil.
布鲁金斯学会(Brookings Institution)研究巴西虚假信息的高级数据分析师瓦莱丽·沃特谢弗特表示:“我们最终得到了关于真相的多个版本，这些信息四处流传着，”
“That’s problematic, because we know that an informed voter is what underpins democracy.”
“这是有问题的，因为我们知道，知情的选民是民主的基础。”
Brazilian lawmakers have wrestled with how to crack down on disinformation for years.
多年来，巴西议员一直在努力解决如何打击虚假信息的问题。
And it’s not just around elections – misinformation flourished during the pandemic.
不仅是在选举期间，在疫情期间，虚假信息泛滥。
Legal efforts culminated in a sweeping legislative proposal known as the “Fake News Bill,” which seeks to criminalize the spread of fake news and force social media platforms to identify financial backers of such posts.
法律方面的努力最终促成了一项名为《假新闻法案》的全面立法提案，该提案旨在将传播假新闻的行为定为犯罪行为，并迫使社交媒体平台识别此类帖子的金主。
It would also limit the reach of mass messages on platforms like WhatsApp.
该提案还将限制WhatsApp等平台上的大量信息的覆盖范围。
But the legislation, first introduced in 2020, has drawn fierce criticism from technology companies, civil society, and free speech advocates.
但这项于2020年首次提出的立法，招致了科技公司、公民社会和言论自由倡导者的激烈批评。
Among its most vocal critics is President Jair Bolsonaro, who is himself under federal investigation for spreading misinformation on social media during the pandemic – including false claims that COVID-19 vaccines might raise the chance of contracting AIDS.
最直言不讳的批评者之一是总统雅伊尔·博尔索纳罗，他自己也因在疫情期间在社交媒体上传播虚假信息而接受联邦调查，包括新冠疫苗可能增加感染艾滋病机会的错误说法。
“The bill is not perfect, but it’s a good start,” says Felipe Nunes, a political scientist at the Federal University of Minas Gerais who studies public opinion and social media.
米纳斯吉拉斯州联邦大学(Federal University of Minas Gerais)研究公众舆论和社交媒体的政治学家费利佩·努涅斯表示:“该法案并不完美，但它是一个良好的开端。”
“It has been met with a lot of resistance though.”
“尽管该法案遇到了很多阻力。”
Last month, the bill suffered a major blow when Congress rejected an attempt to fast-track it, making the bill unlikely to advance before October’s vote.
上个月，该法案遭受了重大打击，国会拒绝了快速审批该法案的努力，使得该法案不太可能在10月投票前获得通过。
Mr. Bolsonaro is facing off against former President Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva this fall.
博尔索纳罗今年秋天将与前总统路易斯·伊纳西奥·卢拉·达席尔瓦对决。
Mr. Silva, known widely as Lula, is leading early polls with 45% of the vote, to Mr. Bolsonaro’s 31%.
被广泛称为卢拉的席尔瓦在早期民调中领先，支持率为45%，博尔索纳罗为31%。
Last year, Mr. Bolsonaro unsuccessfully tried to ban social media platforms from removing content and users.
去年，博尔索纳罗试图禁止社交媒体平台删除内容和用户，但没有成功。
But platforms like YouTube, Facebook, and Twitter have taken down videos of him promoting unproven “miracle cures” for COVID-19 and peddling false claims about 2018 election fraud.
但YouTube、Facebook和Twitter等平台已删除了他推广未经证实的新冠“神奇疗法”的视频，以及散布有关2018年选举舞弊的虚假说法的视频。
