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Oh, hey, Squeaks! I was just thinking about what we would have for lunch. I know it's not for a while… but it's never a bad thing to think ahead! What sounds good to you?
哦，嘿，吱吱！我在想我们午餐吃什么。我知道午餐时间很短，但提前考虑总不是坏事！你觉得怎么样？
Oooh, sandwiches do sound good. Maybe a PB & J ...and what about you?
哦，三明治听起来不错。或者PB & J……你呢？
One cheese sandwich, coming right up!
一个奶酪三明治，马上来！
Hmmm… we might have a bit of a problem! We're out of bread! I have an idea! We could make our own! It would be fun! And baking bread is a great way to learn some science!
嗯……我们可能遇到了一点麻烦！我们没有面包了！我有个主意！咱们可以自己做！那会很有趣的！烤面包是学习科学的好方法！
Oh yeah — there's a lot of science that goes into making bread.
哦，是的，在做面包的过程中有很多科学知识。
Like, did you know that our sandwich bread is soft and yummy thanks to a microscopic living thing?
比如，你知道我们的三明治面包柔软可口是因为一种微生物吗？
It's called yeast, and it's part of a special group of living things we call fungi.
它被称为酵母，是一种特殊生物的一部分，我们称之为真菌。
That's right! We've seen fungi before… like the mushrooms and toadstools we see on our hikes… or the mold that grows on food if it sits for too long!
没错！我们以前见过真菌，比如我们徒步旅行时看到的蘑菇和伞菌，或者是食物上长时间生长的霉菌！
Yeast are much smaller than those fungi. A single yeast is so small that we would need a microscope to see it!
酵母比那些真菌要小得多，我们需要显微镜才能看到！
But even though they're small… they're also mighty. Because they are what turns these ingredients… into yummy bread. Let's get started!
虽然它们很小，但它们也很强大。因为正是它们把这些食材变成了美味的面包。咱们开始吧！
To make our bread, we're going to need flour, salt, warm water, sugar, and some yeast!
做面包我们需要面粉、盐、温水、糖和一些酵母！
We'll start by adding just a bit of sugar to this warm water.
我们先往温水里加一点糖。
Then, we'll want to add our yeasts— this brownish stuff.
然后加入酵母，这种褐色的东西。
You're right, Squeaks! You can see these, because each little tiny piece here is actually hundreds of thousands of little yeasts clumped together.
没错，吱吱！你能看到这些，因为每一小块其实都是成千上万的小酵母聚集在一起。
Right now, they aren't very active. It's kind of like they're asleep.
现在，它们不是很活跃，就像睡着了一样。
But when they get mixed with the warm water, they wake up! And they wake up hungry! So they start munching on the sugar we added to the water.
但是当它们和温水混合时它们就醒了！然后他们饿着肚子醒来！所以它们开始咀嚼我们加在水里的糖。
But it's what comes after they eat that's important! You know how, after you eat, you sometimes have to burp or fart? That's because your body makes gases.
但重要的是他们吃完之后吃什么！你知道吗，吃完饭后，有时还要打嗝或放屁？那是因为你的身体会产生气体。
Yes, you're right! Air is a mixture of gases! And when we pass gas or burp, our bodies are getting rid of extra gases that are trapped inside us.
是的，没错！空气是气体的混合物！当我们放屁或打嗝时，我们的身体会排出困在我们体内的额外气体。
Well, these yeasts make gases when they eat, too... so… you could say they fart a lot. ...Which is why our sweet yeast water now has bubbles in it!
这些酵母在吃东西的时候也会产生气体……所以，你可以说他们会放很多屁. ...这就是为什么我们的甜酵母水现在有气泡了！
So now that our yeast is awake and eating, we can mix it with the flour and salt to make our bread dough.
现在我们的酵母醒了，开始吃东西了，我们可以把它和面粉和盐混合做成面团。
The yeast will keep eating the sugar we added as well as some of the flour.
酵母会继续吃掉我们加的糖和一些面粉。
And they'll keep making gas, most of which will get stuck inside the dough, forming bubbles.
它们会继续产生气体，大部分气体会卡在面团里，形成气泡。
And those bubbles are the little pockets of air that make our bread light and fluffy! Here's some dough I mixed up earlier.
这些气泡就是让我们的面包变得又轻又蓬松的小空气袋！这是我之前揉好的面团。
That's true—because it's not bread yet. It's bread dough— we've got to cook it to actually get bread.
没错，因为它还不是面包，只是面包生面团，我们要烤一下它才能变成面包。
Now, sometimes in the kitchen, if you heat something up, you can cool it down again so it goes back to the way it was at the beginning.
有时在厨房里加热一些东西之后你可以再把它冷却一下，它就能回到最初的样子。
But that's not true of bread. Right now, it's sticky and squishy— but when it gets hot, it becomes stiffer, and the outside even gets a crust on it.
但面包却不是这样。现在它是黏黏的，但当它变热时，它会变硬，外面甚至会有一层外壳。
So it's important to make sure your dough is all ready to go before baking!
所以，在烘焙之前，要确保你的面团已经准备好了，这一点很重要！
In fact, those yeasts are still eating and farting right now.
其实，那些酵母现在还在吃和放屁。
And the more time we give them to do that, the more bubbles they'll make, and the fluffier our bread will be.
我们给它们的时间越长，它们就会产生越多的泡沫，我们的面包就会越松软。
So we've got to let our dough sit for an hour or two before we can bake it!
所以在烘烤之前我们要让面团静置一两个小时！
Let's go for a walk in the meantime. And then once it's in the oven, we can start getting everything together for our sandwiches!
在此期间我们去散散步吧。一旦把它放进烤箱，我们就可以开始准备三明治了！
Ooo look, the dough is much bigger than when we left it. And it's puffier too!
看，面团比我们离开的时候大多了，而且也更蓬松了！
This is what baker's call rising… for obvious reasons. It's full of bubbles! All thanks to those hungry yeasts!
这就是面包师的呼声上升的原因，原因很明显。里面全是泡泡！这都要感谢那些饥饿的酵母！
If we mixed the flour, salt, and water together, we'd still get dough.
如果我们把面粉、盐和水混合在一起，我们得到的还是生面团。
But it wouldn't get nice and fluffy… it would just stay flat. It takes the yeast to get the bread to rise. It's time to put this in the oven to bake!
但它不会变得松软，它会一直保持扁平，需要酵母才能让面包发酵，是时候把它放进烤箱里烤了！
Our bread is all done baking! It smells so good. And it looks… so different!
我们的面包已经烤好了！闻起来真香。而且它看起来……很不一样！
Our bread dough was pale, kind of white and very soft and sticky.
我们的面包面团是灰白色的，有点白那种，很软很粘。
The baked loaf is brown and crusty on the outside. Let's cut into it so we can look inside!
烤好的面包外面是棕色的，很硬。我们把它切开，看看里面！
Check out all of the little holes! Those are what's left behind from the bubbles made by the yeast.
检查所有的小洞!这些是酵母产生气泡后留下的东西。
They make the inside of the bread nice and soft… but it's not squishy like it was before we baked it.
他们让面包内部又软又好，但不会像我们烤之前那么黏。
And we can't separate it back into flour, water, sugar, salt, and yeast. We'd just get a mess of crumbs. But I'd rather have a sandwich — how about you Squeaks?
我们不能把它分解成面粉，水，糖，盐和酵母。我们只会得到一堆面包屑。但是我更想吃三明治——吱吱，你呢？
Yes! Let's have lunch!
是的！咱们吃午饭吧！
Hey, thanks for joining me here at the Fort. If you want to keep learning and having fun with Squeaks, me, and all our other friends, be sure to hit the subscribe button, and we'll see you next time on SciShow Kids!
感谢大家的观看。如果你想继续学习，并与我、吱吱和所有其他朋友共度美好时光，请点击订阅按钮，我们下期SciShow Kids再见!
