评论
打印
Hunter-gatherer societies, they are typically highly egalitarian.
狩猎-采集社会是典型的高度平等主义社会。
Richard Lee, an anthropologist who worked with the Ju/'hoansi, he used the word "fiercely egalitarian," and I haven't found a better way to describe it.
理查德·李是一位人类学家，他曾与Ju/'hoansi合作，他使用了“极端平等主义”这个词，而我还没有找到更好的描述它的词。
There are no hierarchies whatsoever.
那里没有任何等级制度。
Age does not convey any authority to anybody.
年龄并不代表着任何权威。
Gender does not convey any authority to anybody.
性别并不代表着任何权威。
It's incredibly open and tolerant.
它极其地开放和宽容。
People don't force things on children but they also realize that there's an instinct.
人们不会给孩子强加任何事情，但他们也意识到自己有一种本能。
In particular, they say not among women, but among men.
特别是，他们说这种本能不是在女性中，而是在男性中。
Young men who go out hunting and they bring in their first big animal, they'll strut in and show off, they'll say that potentially risks upsetting their egalitarian balance that makes the society function.
年轻人外出打猎，猎到了他们的第一只大型动物，就会昂首阔步地走进来，炫耀自己，他们会说，这可能会破坏他们让社会正常运转的平等机制。
Rather than praise a successful hunter, they mock them.
他们不会赞扬一个成功的猎人，而是嘲笑他们。
Somebody shows up if they've killed a giraffe- which is something huge, and it's enough to feed everybody for ages, and the meat's growing from the branches- they'll say, "Ah, this giraffe, a bit of a scrawny giraffe, and it stinks a little bit."
如果他们杀了一只长颈鹿--这是一件很了不起的事情，足以养活每个人很长时间，而且肉是吃草长来的--他们会说，“啊，这只长颈鹿，有点骨瘦如柴，有点臭。”
And there's this great ritual of humility and insult that goes on, and the hunter will be expected to behave with great humility and the way it was described by one man, he said, "We use it to gentle young mens' paths."
迎接他的是一种谦逊和侮辱的大型仪式，猎人应该表现出极大的谦逊，就像那个人所描述的那样，他说：”我们用这种方式来让年轻男子的路更好走。”
To enable leadership to be based purely on context and competence.
让领导力纯粹建立在环境和能力的基础上。
Voluntarily given and voluntarily accepted resources which are shared openly and evenly and done through a system of demand sharing.
自愿提供和自愿接受的资源，这些资源是公开和平均分享的，并通过需求分享制度进行。
In the system of demand sharing, it is in the right of pretty much anybody to go and ask anybody else for a share of what they have.
在需求分享制度中，几乎任何人都有权去要求其他人分享他们所拥有的东西。
And it is considered extremely rude to turn that person down under any circumstances.
在任何情况下拒绝那个人都是非常不礼貌的。
Stops any kind of authority.
阻止任何形式的权威。
This enabled food and resources to flow very evenly and very quickly through society.
这使得食物和资源能在社会中非常均匀、迅速地流动。
The truth is now, very few zoologists, in fact, no zoologist or ecologist will think of an ecosystem as governed by competition, instead it would be governed by webs of intricate engagements some of which are cooperative, some of which are less.
事实是，现在很少有动物学家，事实上，没有动物学家或生态学家会认为一个生态系统是由竞争所支配的，相反，它是由复杂的参与网络所支配，其中一些是合作性的，另一些合作少一点。
This idea that nature is a constant competition for life is nonsense.
认为大自然就是生命之间的持续竞争，这种说法是无稽之谈。
Hunter-gatherers, like the Ju/'hoansi, described their environment as a kind of continuous flow of give and take between species and interactions.
狩猎-采集者，比如Ju/‘Hansi，将他们的环境描述为一种在物种和互动之间不断给予和索取的流动。
There's absolutely no denying that the extraordinary attitudes that evolved during the hunter-gatherer era have now brought us incredible benefits.
不可否认，在狩猎采集时代形成的这种不同寻常的态度现在给我们带来了令人难以置信的好处。
We are both incredibly adaptable and culturally intransigent.
我们都有非凡的适应能力，而且在文化上都不妥协。
When change is forced upon us, we're really good at adapting to it.
当我们被迫改变时，会很善于适应它。
We are amazingly good at doing it, but only when we have no choice.
我们很擅长适应，但只有在别无选择的情况下才能做到。
And I think what we might see is a restructuring and reorganization of our society.
我认为我们可能看到社会的重建和重组。
Identities now which are far more hybridized.
现在的身份更加混杂。
We certainly have a work identity through our Zoom channel.
在Zoom上，我们当然都有一个工作身份。
But for many people, I think, there'll be an opportunity to reengage themselves in physical space that they are in, and I think it's going to profoundly reorganize the way we think about community, identity, belonging, and self.
但对于许多人来说，我认为，他们将有机会重新投入到现实生活中，我认为这将深刻地重组我们思考社区、身份、归属感和自我的方式。
Economists say, 'We are all universally this kind of selfish beast.'
经济学家说，‘我们普遍都是自私的野兽。’
Anthropologists, on the other hand, take the very starting point of their experience, is based on generally going up and living somewhere where all your most fundamental and basic ideas about how the world works are often turned on their heads.
另一方面，人类学家根据自己最基本的人生经验，对世界运行的最基本想法往往会被颠覆。
It's a fundamental transition. It upsets your sense of the world.
这是一个根本性的转变。它会扰乱你的世界观。
Then anthropologists, I think, are based on having this double perspective of being in one world and from another, and then being able to look back in the world that they're from.
人类学家拥有这个世界和那个世界的双重价值观，能够回头审视自己所生活的那个世界。
And frankly, I think it would be good if we still lived in a world where people could experience another way of living and being to the point that it makes the strange familiar, and the familiar strange.
坦率地说，我认为如果我们仍然生活在这样一个世界里，人们可以体验到另一种生活方式和存在方式，它能让陌生的东西变得熟悉，熟悉的东西变得陌生，那就太好了。
