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In many ways humans are kind of, evolutionary freaks.
在许多方面，人类都是一种进化怪胎。
We are much more capable of learning skills than let's say, our Australopithecus ancestors a few million years ago.
我们比几百万年前的南方古猿祖先更擅长学习技能。
When I was 19, I bizarrely ended up getting an internship at a merchant bank.
我19岁时，奇怪的是，我得到了一家商业银行的实习机会。
And in that bank, we had a manager, and he would pepper his talks with us with this kind of Darwinian language.
在那家银行，有一位经理，他会用达尔文式的语言与我们交谈。
"Banking is a survival of the fittest. You know, it's a dog eat dog world out there.
他说：“银行业是适者生存。你知道，世界是残酷无情的。
Life is a continuous process of competition."
人生是一个不断竞争的过程。”
The truth is, evolutionary history just isn't a constant competition.
事实是，进化史并不是一场持续不断的竞争。
Actually, most animals spend as much time as they can relaxing, taking it easy or playing and enjoying themselves.
事实上，大多数动物都会尽可能多地放松、休息或玩耍，尽情享受。
This idea that everything is continuously battling for energy is nonsense.
认为世间万物都在不断地争夺能源的想法是无稽之谈。
I spent most of the last 25 years documenting hunter-gatherers, as they took their worldview and tried to engage with our worldview in very uneven terms, and to try and make sense of their perceptions of work and our perceptions of work.
在过去25年的大部分时间里，我都在记录狩猎-采集者，他们持有自己的世界观，试图以非常不一致的方式接触我们的世界观，并试图理解他们对工作的看法和我们对工作的看法。
And what it did was it revealed an entirely different way of thinking, an entirely different way of being.
这件事向我揭示了一种完全不同的思维方式，一种完全不同的存在方式。
My name's James Suzman, I'm an anthropologist, and the title of my latest book is called "Work: A Deep History, from the Stone Age to the Age of Robots."
我是詹姆斯·苏兹曼，是一名人类学家，我的新书书名叫《工作：从石器时代到机器人时代的深刻历史》。
When one thinks about hunter-gatherer society, they have have imagined a world in which we endure this horrendous struggle for survival in an eat or be eaten world.
当人们想到狩猎-采集社会时，他们想象的是我们在一个要么去吃、要么被吃的世界里忍受着这种可怕的生存斗争的景象。
Nature was red and tooth and claw, and life was hard, and we learned to accumulate and grab resources.
大自然是危险的，牙齿和爪子，生活是艰苦的，我们学会了积累和攫取资源。
It was a great competition for life.
这是一场激烈的人生竞赛。
But it seems fairly clear, we enjoyed quite a lot of leisure time as hunter-gatherers.
但似乎相当清楚的是，作为狩猎采集者，我们享受了相当多的休闲时间。
20 years ago I went off to the Kalahari to start working with a group of people called the Ju/'hoansi.
20年前，我去了喀拉哈里，开始与一群名为Ju/‘hoansi的人一起工作。
The Ju/'hoansi were the first hunter-gatherer society that were really studied to see how hard they actually worked, and it was revealed that they worked 15 hours in a week, and a very different work ethos to what we do here in the West.
Ju/‘hoansi是第一个真正被研究的狩猎采集社会，人们研究他们到底有多努力，据透露，他们一周工作15个小时，与我们在西方所做的工作非常不同。
The idea of what constitutes work in the way we organize our lives can be very different, and very contextual-based: Hunting, gathering, fishing, hiking.
在我们的生活方式中，工作的构成要素可能迥然不同，而且与背景紧密相关：狩猎、采集、钓鱼和徒步旅行。
In the Ju/'hoansi world, those are all considered work.
在Ju/‘hoansi的世界里，这些都被认为是工作。
In the western world, where I come from at the moment, most of those things are considered leisure activities now.
在我目前所在的西方世界，这些事情大多被认为是休闲活动。
The Inuit and the Arctic, the Aboriginals in Australia, and then of course people like the Ju/'hoansi engage with the land with consummate skill and consummate, in some ways, ease.
因纽特人和北极人、澳大利亚的原住民，当然还有像Ju/‘hoansi这样的人，他们以精湛的技能和完美的方式与这片土地打着交道，在某些方面，他们很轻松。
The Kalahari desert where the Ju/'hoansi live is an incredibly tough environment.
Ju/‘hoansi人生活的卡拉哈里沙漠环境极其恶劣。
It's the kind of place where, most of us, if we're dumped there without any prior knowledge of how to do things, we would be dead within several days.
在这样的地方，我们中的大多数人如果被扔在那里，并且不具备一定的生存知识储备，会在几天内死掉。
The Ju/'hoansi, on the other hand, are able somehow out of this seemingly desolate place to pluck out 130 or so different plant species.
另一方面，Ju/‘hoansi却能以某种方式走出这个看似荒凉的地方，并且挑出大约130种不同的植物。
They're able to hunt 15 or 20 animal species.
他们能够猎杀15到20种动物。
They are so skilled and so attuned to that environment that they're able to do so on the basis of, really, a marginal amount of effort.
他们非常熟练，非常适应环境，能够不费吹灰之力地做到以上这些。
Even in the toughest times of year, you're looking at not spending more than four or five hours a day on the food quest.
即使在一年中最艰难的时候，他们每天花在寻找食物上的时间也不会超过四五个小时。
And you're looking at the best times of year, people are able to simply pluck things.
在一年中最好的时候，人们可以直接随处拔东西吃。
It's almost a bit like a, a magical kind of 7/11.
几乎就像神奇的7/11便利店一样。
Now, of course it sounds a little bit idyllic, and hunter-gatherers went through intensely difficult times, periods of climatic change.
当然，这听起来有点田园风光，狩猎-采集者经历了极其困难的时期，气候变化的时期。
But for the most part, living off the land seemed a very straightforward way of making a living, and we are supremely adapted to making a living as hunters and gatherers.
但在很大程度上，以土地为生似乎是一种非常简单的谋生方式，而且我们非常适应作为狩猎者和采集者的谋生方式。
