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Are these platforms typically pretty open or closed systems?
这些平台通常是开放系统还是封闭系统?
How hard is it to be part of one of these systems, if you’re somewhere else in the company or maybe at an outside partner?
如果你在公司的其他地方，或者在外部合作伙伴，成为其中一个系统的一部分有多难？
The typical ones, let’s say, if you take the platforms that essentially are working, if I may be a little technical in here, only on one stage of the supply chain.
典型的例子，比如说，如果你用的平台基本上是在工作的，如果我在这里可能有点技术性，也只在供应链的一个阶段。
Let’s say again, let’s take Amazon or even non-supply chain platforms like Uber or Airbnb, generally is looking at the sort of a producer or provider of the service and the user of the service.
以亚马逊为例，甚至像优步或Airbnb这样的非供应链平台为例，它们通常着眼于服务的生产者或供应商以及服务的用户。
The other part of the supply chain, if you go back to the manufacturing, who was this really manufacturer, who was the supplier to the manufacturer, who was the supplier to the supplier, going upstream and going downstream, looking at the service providers, those are not really generally included in these platforms.
供应链的另一部分，如果你回到制造业，谁是真正的制造商，谁是制造商的供应商，谁是供应商的供应商，上下游，看看服务提供商，这些通常不包括在这些平台中。
They cannot join that easily.
他们不可能那么容易就加入。
Second, generally the platform owner controls who comes in and who is out, so to speak.
第二，可以这么说，平台所有者通常控制着谁进入谁退出。
And with Amazon, you have to sign up with them to join them and also with Alibaba, with everybody else, things like that.
对于亚马逊，你必须与他们签约才能加入他们，还有阿里巴巴，其他所有公司也都是要签约。
One of the differences in the Haier’s platform is that it’s actually open.
海尔平台的一个不同之处在于它实际上是开放的。
So in your work looking at dozens of these platforms, Haier Group really stood out in your research.
因此，在您的研究中，海尔集团在几十个这样的平台中脱颖而出。
That’s the Chinese appliance manufacturer that some people know because it is a global brand.
这就是一些人知道的中国家电制造商，因为它是一个全球品牌。
What struck you about this system?
这个系统给你留下了什么深刻的印象？
Well, let me maybe step back for a second and say that Hau Lee and Xiande Zhao, and myself have been studying global supply chains really for many years.
好吧，让我退一步说，李厚和赵先德还有我自己，已经研究全球供应链很多年了。
Then sort of we were intrigued when we saw what was happening at Haier’s platform, which by the way, it’s called COSMOPlat, which stands for Cloud of Smart Manufacturing Operating Platform.
然后，当我们看到海尔的平台上发生的事情时，我们有点好奇，顺便说一下，这个平台叫做COSMOPlat，意思是智能制造操作平台云。
That’s a name made for a corporation, for sure.
可以肯定的是，这是一个为公司而起的名字。
Anyway, when we started looking into it, we were intrigued that it was different in a number of ways from the typical platforms.
无论如何，当我们开始研究它时，我们很感兴趣，它在许多方面与一般平台不同。
Openness is one.
开放就是其中之一。
Second, it really focuses on or includes more than one stage in the supply chain.
其次，它确实关注或包括供应链中的多个阶段。
As I mentioned, many of them don’t.
正如我提到的，他们中的许多人并不是这样。
Even the B2B, business to business supply chains only look at, let’s say, one manufacturer to other manufacturer.
即使是B2B，企业对企业的供应链也只是一个制造商对另一个制造商。
They don’t really go up and down the chain too much.
他们并不是真的在供应链上上下波动太多。
Maybe number three is that it is doing a lot more than just the typical supply chain functions that I mentioned.
也许第三点是，它所做的远不止我提到的一般的供应链功能。
It also gets into R&D.
它还涉足研发领域。
It gets into solving engineering and technical problems.
它致力于解决工程和技术问题。
On the production side, it gets into getting custom clearance, helping the people that need to be helped with regulations, with laws, with safety, for example on the medical side.
在生产方面，它涉及到获得海关通关，帮助那些需要在法规、法律和安全方面得到帮助的人，例如在医疗方面。
It’s a whole bunch of other functions other than the typical supply chain functions.
除了典型的供应链功能，还有很多其他的功能。
