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Nevertheless, the exact number of jobs produced by the three pieces of legislation is uncertain and may be difficult to notice in the aggregate.
不过，这三部法律所创造的职位数目仍未确定，整体来说可能难以察觉。
The only jobs that are possible to count precisely are those created directly by the federal government.
唯一有可能准确统计的是联邦政府直接创造的就业岗位。
The Office of Personnel Management, which set up a handy filter for jobs associated with the infrastructure law, aims to hire 7,000 people by the end of September.
人事管理办公室为与基础设施法相关的职位设置了一个便捷的筛选器，在9月底之前目标是招聘7000人。
The actual number, of course, is larger.
当然，实际数字要大得多。
Dr. Zandi’s analysis of the infrastructure law found that it would add nearly 360,000 jobs by the end of this year, and 660,000 jobs at its peak employment impact at the end of 2025.
赞迪博士对基础设施法的分析发现，到今年年底，该法案将增加近36万个就业岗位，在2025年底对就业发挥最大影响的时候，将增加66万个就业岗位。
He does not expect the Inflation Reduction Act to affect employment significantly, given its lower public expenditure.
他预计，鉴于公共支出较低，通胀削减法案不会对就业产生重大影响。
A group at the University of Massachusetts Amherst disagreed, forecasting the Inflation Reduction Act’s impact at 900,000 additional people employed on average each year for a decade.
马萨诸塞大学阿默斯特分校的一个研究小组不同意这一观点，他们预测，通胀削减法案将在十年内平均每年增加90万人就业。
Betony Jones, director of energy jobs at the Department of Energy, thinks the number could be even higher because the bill includes incentives for domestic sourcing of materials that may create more jobs along the supply chain than traditional economic models account for.
美国能源部能源就业主管贝托尼·琼斯认为，这一数字可能会更高，因为该法案包括对国内采购材料的激励措施，这可能会在供应链上创造比传统经济模型所预测的更多的就业机会。
“It will change those assumptions in significant ways,” Ms. Jones said.
“这将在很大程度上改变这些假设。”琼斯说。
But a number of mitigating forces make that number less powerful than it appears.
但一些起抵消作用的力量使这个数字没有看起来那么巨大。
Some of the jobs already exist, for example, since much of the money will go to extend tax credits that would have expired.
例如，一些工作岗位已经存在，因为大部分资金将用于延长本应到期的税收抵免。
The estimate includes jobs that are supported by infrastructure workers’ wages, from hairdressers to plumbers.
这一估计包括由基础设施工人的工资支撑的工作，从理发师到水管工。
It’s also a gross number, not accounting for the employment that the Inflation Reduction Act could subtract through the taxes it imposes on corporations, or the fossil fuel jobs that might disappear as renewable energy capacity increases.
这也是一个总数字，不包括通胀削减法案可能通过对企业征收的税收而减去的就业，或者随着可再生能源产能的增加可能会消失的化石燃料工作岗位。
And plenty of the new infrastructure jobs will be filled by people who might otherwise be working in other sectors, especially if they’re better paid.
许多新的基础设施工作岗位将由原本在其他部门工作的人填补，特别是如果新工作的薪酬更高的话。
At the same time, inflation has made construction materials more expensive, decreasing the purchasing power of public agencies.
与此同时，通货膨胀使建筑材料变得更加昂贵，降低了公共机构的购买力。
For the first portion of money from the infrastructure law, which was allocated to states by a formula in the first half of 2022, that largely meant salvaging large projects already underway that might otherwise have been stymied by rising costs.
基础设施法的第一部分资金是在2022年上半年通过一个方案分配给各州的，这在很大程度上意味着要挽救已经在进行中的大型项目，否则这些项目可能会因成本上升而受阻。
For all of those reasons, said Alec Phillips, chief political economist for Goldman Sachs, the infusions of cash haven’t increased his payroll employment projections for the coming year.
高盛首席政治经济学家亚列克·菲利普斯说，出于所有这些原因，现金注入并没有增加他对来年就业人数的预测。
“This is not happening in a vacuum,” Mr. Phillips said. “Once you go through all those factors, it’s one of those things that wouldn’t influence our employment forecast all that much.”
“事情不是在真空中发生的，”菲利普斯说。“一旦你考虑了所有这些因素，它就不会对我们的就业预测产生太大的影响。”
