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The Arab Spring in 2011 came at a time of steep increases in food prices.
2011年的阿拉伯之春发生在粮食价格急剧上涨的时候。
Governments are expected to create food subsidies to cushion the blow, as Egypt has been doing for decades to help its poorest citizens.
预计各国政府将制定粮食补贴来缓解打击，就像埃及几十年来一直在帮助最贫穷的公民那样。
In August 2020, it reduced the size of each loaf by 20 grams (0.7 ounces) in an attempt to phase out subsidies, but it may have trouble taking more extreme measures in the current context.
2020年8月，埃及将每块面包的大小减少了20克(0.7盎司)，试图逐步取消补贴，但在目前的背景下，该国可能难以采取更极端的措施。
“Bread is a staple food for countries like Morocco and Algeria; it’s life. The last time the government touched the price of bread, there were clashes,” says Professor Bessaoud.
“面包是摩洛哥和阿尔及利亚等国的主食；面包是生命。上次政府调整面包价格时，发生了冲突。“贝萨乌德教授说。
“If there are no negotiations with Ukraine and Russia from now until the fall, countries in North Africa are going to have huge problems to feed their populations.”
“如果从现在起到今年秋天不与乌克兰和俄罗斯进行谈判，北非国家在养活本国人口方面将面临巨大问题。”
There are hopes that discussions between Russian and Turkish defense ministers last week might open up a grain export corridor, as experts warn of a global food crisis if the blockade at the Black Sea continues.
人们希望，俄罗斯和土耳其国防部长上周的讨论可能会开辟一条粮食出口走廊，因为专家警告称，如果黑海的封锁继续下去，可能会出现全球粮食危机。
In the short term, countries that had already begun looking elsewhere for their wheat will be the most protected.
在短期内，那些已经开始从其他地方寻找小麦的国家将受到最大的保护。
A March study by the Morocco-based Policy Center for the New South found that Algeria, Morocco, and Nigeria were the most prepared to stave off the wheat crisis due to their diversification of wheat imports, some of which they learned during the COVID-19 pandemic.
位于摩洛哥的新南方政策中心3月份的一项研究发现，阿尔及利亚、摩洛哥和尼日利亚为避免小麦危机做了最充分的准备，因为这些国家的小麦进口实施多样化措施，其中一些是在新冠肺炎疫情期间吸取的教训。
Still, experts and farmers are calling for more transparency on the market to avoid an unnecessary spike in global grain prices.
尽管如此，专家和农民要求提高市场透明度，以避免全球谷物价格出现不必要的飙升。
“The Chicago wheat price has exploded and it’s purely based on speculation,” says Denis Perreau, national secretary of the farming union La Confédération Paysanne as well as a grain and sheep farmer.
农民联合会的全国秘书丹尼斯·佩罗说:“芝加哥小麦价格暴涨，而这纯粹是基于投机。”佩罗同时也是一位谷物和绵羊农场主。
“It’s based on offer and demand, but it’s a virtual market. We don’t actually know anything until the harvest.”
这是基于供求关系，但这是一个虚拟市场。在收获之前，我们实际上什么都不知道。
In Combs-la-Ville, Mr. Lefort is focused on solutions, as the climate becomes harder to predict as years pass.
在库姆斯-拉维尔地区，勒福特专注于解决方案，因为随着时间的推移，气候变得越来越难以预测。
He has tested out new technologies – like finding out water table levels using his cellphone – and diversified his offering.
他测试了新的技术--比如用他的手机找出地下水位--并使他的服务多样化。
He now plants around 10 different grain varieties, including corn, beetroot for sugar, and sunflower.
他现在种植了大约10种不同的谷物品种，包括玉米、制糖的甜菜根和向日葵。
“I’m an optimist by nature.” he says, “I feel that it’s my role in life to feed people and find solutions.”
“我天生是个乐观主义者。”他说, “我觉得我在生活中扮演的角色是养活人们并找到解决办法.”
“I try to take a long look to find ways to keep my farm sustainable, and become more resilient and resistant. But if we can get a big recharge of rain, that would be great.”
“我试图从长远角度寻找保持我的农场可持续发展的方法，使其变得更加能承受和抵抗困境。 但如果我们能得到大量的雨水补给，那就太棒了。”
