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That gives you a calculation of maximum lifespan.
这给了你一个最大寿命的计算。
If you were to do the best you possibly could, this is as long as you could possibly live for a given size of mammal.
如果你竭尽所能，也就是某种体型的哺乳动物可能存活的最长时间。
And if you do that, you can understand where roughly speaking this hundred years for a human being comes from.
如果你这样做，就可以理解，人类寿命的100岁是怎么来的。
More importantly, what could you do to make that go from a hundred to 200, for example?
更重要的是，比如说，你可以做什么来使它从100岁变成200岁？
And there's two pieces of that, one is you could decrease, of course, the wear and tear or you could increase the repair.
其中包括两部分，第一当然是你可以减少磨损，或者你可以增加修复。
If you think about the damage that is occurring from metabolism, one way we could decrease damage is decrease the amount of food we take in.
如果考虑到新陈代谢产生的损害，有一种方法可以让我们减少损害，那就是减少我们摄入的食物量。
It may not be so pleasant in terms of your lifestyle but this would predict that you live longer.
就你的生活方式而言，少吃可能不是那么令人愉快，但这将预示着你会活得更久。
There have been some controversial experiments on monkeys which have not shown as big an effect, so this is still very much work in progress.
有人在猴子身上进行了一些有争议的实验，效果没有那么明显，所以这仍然是还在进展中的工作。
There's another way you could also decrease your metabolism and that's the way that it's very difficult for us.
还有一种方法，你也可以减少你的新陈代谢，这种方法对我们来说非常困难。
But interestingly is very easy, for almost all other organisms on this planet.
但有趣的是，对于这个星球上的几乎所有其他生物体来说，却是非常容易的。
And that's to do with the fact that we are unique in that we are what's called homeotherms mainly we keep the same temperature.
这是因为人类非常独特，我们是所谓的恒温动物，我们的体温保持不变。
If you look at insects, when they're cold in the morning, they can barely move.
如果你看一下昆虫，它们在早上很冷的时候，几乎动都动不了。
They have to wait till the sun comes up to warm themselves and then they can start flying around and moving around and so on, that's true of essentially everything that's around us.
它们必须等到太阳升起，让自己暖和起来，然后才可以飞来飞去，四处走动，等等，我们周围的一切事物基本上都是如此。
We are immune from that and that's been extraordinary powerful for us.
我们对此有免疫力，这一点非常强大。
It dissociates us from the external temperature, the environmental temperature.
它使我们与外部温度、环境温度脱离关系。
Everything else is subject to the ambient temperature in their environment.
除了人类以外的万物都受制于他们的环境温度。
And here's why it matters, it's because metabolic rate is derived from chemical reactions, and chemical reactions depend exponentially from the temperature at which they're operating.
这一点之所以很重要，是因为新陈代谢率来自于化学反应，而化学反应与它们所处的温度之间是指数型的关系。
That means a small change in temperature can have a huge effect.
这意味着温度的微小变化可以产生巨大的影响。
So a small change of temperature, small increase in temperature, increases your metabolic rate exponentially.
因此，温度的小变化，温度的小增加，会使你的新陈代谢率呈指数上升。
That means that if we were to take drugs that could lower our body temperature, and this has actually been done for mice, you would decrease your metabolic rate and you would decrease therefore the damage and you can live longer.
这意味着，如果我们服用可以降低体温的药物，而这实际上已经在小鼠身上得到验证，它会降低你的代谢率，你会减少损害，可以活得更长。
One tangential remark to that, a critical one in our times, and that is to do with global warming.
这方面有一个切入点，我们所处的时代是一个关键的问题，它与全球变暖有关。
One of the things that is a bit mysterious to many people is that, why should one or two degrees change in the ambient temperature around us make any bloody difference to anything?
许多人不太能理解的事情之一是，为什么我们周围的环境温度变化一两度会产生巨大的区别？
After all where I live the temperature often changes by 40 degrees from night to day.
毕竟在我居住的地方，从晚上到白天温度经常有40华氏度左右的变化。
The reason is that things like growth rates and death rates, the whole ecosystem, the whole biosphere is exponentially sensitive to a change in temperature.
原因是，就生长率和死亡率而言，整个生态系统，整个生物圈对温度变化的敏感度是呈指数级的。
So one to two degrees change has an exponential effect and some of that is from our viewpoint, highly deleterious and some may actually be advantageous.
因此，一到两度的变化具有指数效应，从我们的角度来看，有些是非常有害的，有些实际上可能是有利的。
But I think this is an incredibly important point that I'm afraid my colleagues who work in global warming have not been very good at getting this across.
我认为这是一个非常重要的观点，但是我那些从事全球变暖工作的同事们并没有把这一点很好地表达出来。
