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The educated materials presented here
这里所用的教学材料
were developed by students and faculty
由爱荷华州立大学
of the Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition
食品科学与人类营养学系
at Iowa State University.
师生共同制作完成
Funding for this project was provided by grants
本项目的赞助资金来源于
from the American Cancer Society Midwest
美国中西部癌症学会
and the Lance Armstrong Foundation.
以及兰斯，阿姆斯特朗基金
The materials are intended for educational use
此材料仅供教育教学使用
and are not meant to provide medical advice.
不能作为医学指导
We welcome your feedback about these materials.
我们欢迎您有关本材料的反馈
Please use the evaluation survey link on the homepage
请登陆主页点击评估调查链接
to provide your comments and suggestions.
告诉我们您的意见和建议
Today we will be discussing food allergies.
今天我们讨论的是食物过敏
A food allergy is also known
食物过敏是
as a food hypersensitivity and occurs
一种食物过敏症
when a normally harmless food elicits
由正常情况下
an immune response to the allergen
无害的食品引发的
which is usually a protein.
免疫系统对过敏原的反应
This immune response involves a release of
这里的过敏原通常是一种蛋白质
antibodies to fight the allergen and in turn
这种免疫反应包括抗体的释放
this immune response brings upon
来对抗过敏原
the symptoms of food allergy.
同时这种反应就会带来食物过敏的症状
Allergic or immunological reactions are
这些过敏和免疫反应被分为抗体
classified into IgE mediated and
IgE介导型
non-IgE mediated reactions.
和非IgE介导型反应
IgE is an antibody that is formed
IgE是免疫系统
by the immune system in response to
为了对抗它认为对人体有害的物质
a substance that the body deemed harmful.
而释放的一种抗体
IgE antibodies elicit an immune response
IgE会引发免疫反应
causing histamine and other chemicals
这种免疫反应会导致组胺和其他物质的释放
to be released and causes symptoms of an allergy.
从而引发过敏症状
If the response occurs several hours
如果在进食之后几个小时
or a few days after consuming the food
甚至是几天后才出现过敏反应
it is most likely a non-IgE response
那么极有可能这是一种非IgE介导型反应
which typically involves gastrointestinal symptoms
主要出现的是胃肠症状
such as nausea or stomach cramping.
比如恶心和胃痉挛
Typically IgE mediated reactions occur
典型的IgE介导型反应一般
a few minutes to within an hour of consumption
出现在进食后几分钟到一小时的时间内
and these symptoms include anaphylaxis and urticaria.
症状包括过敏性反应和荨麻疹
Anaphylaxis is an acute, potentially life threatening
过敏性反应是一种严重的可能会威胁生命的
hypersensitivity reaction defined by
过敏症状
a number of signs and symptoms
一般包括以下症状
ranging from coughing, airway constriction,
咳嗽，气道狭窄
abdominal pain or faintness to chest pain
腹痛，晕厥，胸部疼痛
and the loss of consciousness.
和失去意识
It can range from mild to severe.
这些症状可能比较轻微，也可能非常严重
Most cases are mild but any anaphylaxis has
大多数病例的反应都比较温和
the potential to become life threatening.
但任何一种过敏反应都会有威胁生命的可能
Urticaria is a skin reaction usually
荨麻疹是一种皮肤上的反应
accompanied by swelling and itching.
通常伴有肿胀和瘙痒
Symptoms of food allergies vary
每个人的食物过敏症状都不同
between individuals but the most common are
但是最常见的
swelling, sneezing, nausea, digestive problems,
包括肿胀，打喷嚏，恶心，消化不良
hives or swollen airways.
荨麻疹以及气道肿胀
Others include itchy eyes, hives, skin rash,
其他一些症状包括眼部瘙痒，荨麻疹，皮疹
tightness of the throat, shortness of breath,
喉咙发紧，气短
runny nose, abdominal pain, nausea,
流鼻涕，腹痛，恶心
vomiting and diarrhea.
呕吐和腹泻
We will now discuss foods most commonly
我们现在讨论通常会出现
associated with allergic reactions.
过敏性反应的食物过敏
Milk, eggs, wheat and soy are frequent allergies
牛奶，鸡蛋，小麦和大豆是在儿童中常见的
that many children have but will grow out of.
引发过敏的食品，但随着年龄增长会逐渐消失
On the other hand an allergy to peanuts, tree nuts,
而另一方面，对花生，干果
fish and shellfish tend to be lifelong conditions.
鱼类和贝类的食物过敏却会伴随人的一生
Adverse food reactions consist of
不同食物过敏反应包括对不同食物
a variety of responses to food or food additives
和食物添加剂的
that are consumed.
过敏反应
The majority of these responses are not allergenic
这里的大多数并不是过敏性反应
but caused by food intolerance and
只是由食物耐受不良
caused by particular food properties
或者某种食物的性质所导致
such as caffeine causing irritable bowel syndrome,
比如咖啡因会引发肠道易激综合症
metabolic disorders such as lactose intolerance
以及代谢失常，比如乳糖不耐症
resulting from a lack of an enzyme
是由体内缺乏一种酶导致的
to break down lactose in milk or food
这种酶可以分解牛奶中
contaminated with bacteria.
或者被细菌污染的食物中的乳糖成分
Psychological reactions to food can also lead to
对食物的一些心理反应也会导致
the belief of the prevalence of a food allergy.
相信食物过敏的普遍存在
