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一起过专四 词汇70练:第27期

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在现代英语中,have to 中不定式和疑问句式既可以按照助动词的变化规则构成,也可以按照行为动词的变化规则构成。

Have you to finish the work before supper?

Do you have to finish the work before supper?

have got to 常可同have to换用,但有时表示不同的含义。比较:

He has to report to the headquarters every two days.(例行公事,习惯动作)

He has got to report to the headquarters every two days.(一道指示或命令,必得每天报告一次)

另外,作“有”解时,have got和have通常是可以换用的,have got更口语化,但有时表示不同的含义。比较:

The man has a blind eye.那人有一只眼瞎了。

The man has got a blue eye.那人有一只眼被打青了。

must not表示禁止,是说话人强有力的劝告或命令,意为“一定要,不准”。因此,在回答由must引导的问题时,如果是否定的回答,表示“不必,没有必要”,不能用mustn't,而要用needn't或don't have to.试比较:

You must not drive fast.你不能开快车。(路险或有速度限制)

You needn't drive fast.(时间充裕)

You must not tell others.(警告)

You needn't tell others.(没有必要)

needs为副词,相当于necessarily, of necessity. must needs和needs must均可表示“必须,必定,不得不”,这层意义上可以通用;但must needs还可表示“偏偏,偏要”,含有讥讽、不满的意思,而needs must则一般无这层意思。例如:

I must needs go there now.

我现在非到那里去不可。(可用needs must)

Needs must when the devil drives.

情势所迫不得不那样。

She must needs go away when I want her.

我正需要她时,她偏偏离开了。(不可用needs must)

The telephone must needs ring when I went to bed.

我上床睡觉时偏偏有人来电话。(不可用needs must)

need指主语的主观特需情况而使之必要。need既可以作助动词,又可以作行为动词。作助动词时,need没有人称和数的变化,后接不带to的不定式(动词原形),否定式为needn't.作行动动词时,need同别的行为动词一样,有人称和数的变化,后接带to的不定式,否定式要在前面加don't(doesn't, didn't),疑问句用do (does, did) 提问。例如:

There need be no hurry, need there?

He need never know. (=He never needs to know.)

I need only add a few words. (= I only need to add a few words.)

比较:

Father sent me the book, so I didn't need to write to him for it.

父亲把那本书寄来了,所以我不必为此给他写信了。(信没写)

Father sent me the book, so I needn't have written to him for it.

父亲把那本书寄来了,所以我本不该为此再写信给他的。(信已写)

She didn't need to come.她不必来的。(实际也没来)

She needn't have come.她本来不必来的。(但却来了)

Note:

作助动词用时,need只用于疑问句中和否定句中,在肯定句中常用must, have to, should, ought to等。例如:

Need you do it right now? I needn't, but he must.

She doesn't need to be told. She has already known it.

(客观情况使得告诉她没有必要:她已经知道)

She needn't be told. We should keep it secret from her.

(主观上不愿告诉)

完成下面五道选择题目:

1. You__ Jim anything about it. It was none of his business.

A needn't have told B needn't tell C mustn't have told D mustn't tell

2.As it turned out to be a small houseparty, we __ so formally.

A need not have dressed up B must not have dressed up C did not need to dress up D must not dress up

3.We could__ him with a detached house when he came, but he had specifically asked for a small flt.

A provide B have provided C not provide D not have provided

4.He__ the 8:20 bus becasue he didn't leave home till 8:25.

A couldn't have caught B ought to have caught C shouldn't have caught D must not have caught

5."She must be in the dormitory now."

"No, she __ be there. I saw her in the classroom a minute ago."

A mustn't B can't C couldn't D wouldn't

答案:

AABAB

重点单词   查看全部解释    
detached [di'tætʃt]

想一想再看

adj. 超然的,分离的,独立的

联想记忆
drives

想一想再看

n. 驱动器;驱动力;驱动程序(drive的复数形式)

 
dormitory ['dɔ:mitri]

想一想再看

n. 集体宿舍

联想记忆
necessity [ni'sesiti]

想一想再看

n. 需要,必需品,必然

 


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