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参考答案及解析：
1.The correct answer is E
Explanation
Because "few people knew what the writer looked like or where he lived," it makes sense to say that Cormac McCarthy is known as "one of the most reclusive figures in literature." In other words, the writer has a reputation for being a recluse, or for leading a largely secluded or solitary life.
2.The correct answer is D
Explanation
The word “merely” indicates that the past provisions were not as strict as the “mandatory” provisions and “recommended” is the only first term that conveys a lesser degree of strictness. Only “violators” could logically be penalized by losing their federal research grants.
3.The correct answer is B
Explanation
Edelweiss might give the illusion of being "fragile," or easily damaged, but it is clear that the flower actually is very "resilient," or able to withstand difficult conditions. In fact, the flower can "survive in extreme temperatures."
4.The correct answer is B
Explanation
Choice (B) is correct. In climbing Mount Everest, Tom Whittaker was “bolstered,” or supported, by the type of physical preparation required to reach the summit of Mount Everest. “Assiduous,” or careful and persistent, preparation coupled with “unflagging determination” would help someone complete such a challenging task.
5.The correct answer is C
Explanation
The word "Although" indicates that there is a contrast between the way Milo's "close friends and colleagues see him" and the way "Milo usually feels." Even though people who know Milo think he is "outgoing and confident," or social and sure of himself, Milo "usually feels shy and unsure of himself."
6.The correct answer is D
Explanation
Choice (D) is correct. The structure of the sentence suggests that Livingstone’s reputation is based on two different, even mutually exclusive, interpretations; in other words, these views of him are “dichotomous.” The second part of the sentence describes this dichotomy: some historians “revile” him, while others do the opposite, or “praise” him.
