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antedate .
【考法 1】 vt. 比…早，早于： to be of an earlier date than
【例】 The church antedates the village itself. 这座教堂甚至在村庄之前就存在了。‖Dinosaurs antedate cavemen by millions of years. 恐龙比穴居人要早几百万年出现。
【近】 antecede, forego, predate, preexist
【反】 follow, postdate, succeed 晚于
arbitrary
【考法 1】 adj. 专横的，独断专行的： having or showing a tendency to force one's will on others without any regard to fairness or necessity
【例】 an arbitrary piano teacher who makes all her students do the same exercises over and over again 一个让学生反复练习同一首曲子的专横的老师
【近】 dictatorial, imperious, peremptory, willful
【考法 2】 adj. 独裁的，拥有无限权力的： exercising power or authority without interference by others
【例】 a nation with no tradition of democracy, only a long history of arbitrary rulers 一个从来没有民主的传统，只有长期的独裁统治的国家
【近】 autocratic, czarist, despotic, monocratic, tyrannic, tyrannous
【反】 limited （权力）受限的；democratic 民主的；republican 共和的
【考法 3】 adj. 缺乏计划的，随意的： lacking a definite plan, purpose, or pattern
【例】 The order of the names of the 10 semifinalists is entirely arbitrary. 半决赛上十名上场选手的顺序完全是随机的。
【近】 aimless, desultory, erratic, haphazard, scattered, slapdash, stray, willy-nilly
【反】 methodical, orderly, organized, regular, systematic, systematized 有序的，有组织的
bogus
【考法 1】 adj. 伪造的，假冒的： being such in appearance only and made or manufactured with the intention of committing fraud
【例】 The evidence turned out to be completely bogus and the suspect may be innocent. 由于证据被发现是彻底伪造的，嫌犯很有可能是无辜的。
【近】 counterfeit, fake, false, forged, inauthentic, phony , queer, sham, snide, spurious, unauthentic
【反】 authentic, genuine, real, unfaked, bona fide 真实的
【考法 2】 adj. 虚伪的，做作的： lacking in natural or spontaneous quality
【例】 There was often a lot of bogus conviviality at the company's parties. 公司的聚会上往往有着虚伪的欢乐。
【近】 affected, assumed, contrived, factitious, feigned, plastic, pretended, pseudo, simulated, unnatural
【反】 artless, natural, spontaneous, unaffected, uncontrived, unfeigned, unforced 真诚的，不虚伪的
brandish .
【考法 1】 vt. （带有威胁性地）挥舞： to shake or wave (as a weapon) menacingly
【例】 I could see that the suspect was brandishing a knife and was in no way inclined to surrender. 我可以看到嫌犯在挥舞着一把刀，完全没有要投降的倾向。
【近】 shake, swing, wave
【反】 drop 放下（武器等）
cherished .
【考法 1】 adj. 受喜爱的，珍爱的： granted special treatment or attention
【例】 a cherished heirloom that has been in the family for generations 在这个家族里流传了几代的为大家喜爱的纺织机‖He described the picture with his wife as his most cherished possession. 他把这张与妻子和合影看作是自己最为珍爱的财富。
【近】 beloved, dear, favored, favorite, fond, loved, pet, precious, special, sweet
【反】 abhorred, abominated, despised, detested, disdained, disliked, execrated, hated, loathed 被厌恶的
counterproductive
【考法 1】 adj. 反效果的，阻碍预期目标的： not producing or tending to hinder the attainment of a desired goal
【例】 Violence as a means to achieve an end is counterproductive. (W. E. Brock) 用暴力来实现目标往往是事与愿违的。--W. E. 布洛克‖His uncontrollable anger is very counterproductive to his attempt at saving his marriage. 他无法自控的愤怒只会对他拯救婚姻的企图起反作用。
【近】 feckless, hamstrung, ineffective, ineffectual, inefficacious, inefficient, inexpedient
【反】 effective, effectual, efficacious, efficient, expedient, operant 行之有效的
deflect .
【考法 1】 vt. 使偏斜，使转向： to turn aside especially from a straight course or fixed direction
【例】 The goalie deflected the ball with his hands. 守门员用双手将球击出。‖They are trying to deflect the public attention from the troubled economy. 他们试图将公众的注意力从经济的困境中移开。
【近】 divert, redirect, swing, veer, wheel, whip
【派】 deflection n. 偏转，偏离
erroneous .
【考法 1】 adj. 错误的，不正确的： containing or characterized by error
【例】 The news article about the new drug was filled with much erroneous information. 有关新药的新闻报道里充斥着大量的错误信息。
【近】 inaccurate, incorrect, inexact, invalid, mistaken, unsound, untrue, untruthful, wrong
【反】 accurate, correct, errorless, exact, precise, right, sound, true, valid, veracious 正确的，准确的
fanciful .
【考法 1】 adj. 幻想中的，不真实的： not real and existing only in the imagination
【例】 a fanciful tale of a monster in the woods 一个有关栖息在丛林中的怪兽的传说故事
【近】 chimerical, fabulous, fantastic, fictional, fictitious, ideal, invented, mythical, notional, phantom, visionary
【反】 actual, existent, existing, real 真实存在的
【考法 2】 adj. 不切实际的，荒谬的： conceived or made without regard for reason or reality
【例】 She harbors the fanciful notion that she has a talent for singing. 她怀着一个不切实际的空想：她有着歌唱家的天赋。
【近】 absurd, bizarre, crazy, foolish, insane, nonsensical, preposterous, unreal, wild
【反】 realistic, reasonable 现实的，有理的
fleeting .
【考法 1】 adj. 稍纵即逝的，短暂的： lasting only for a short time; passing swiftly
【例】 They have been waiting for more than 4 hours but caught only a fleeting glimpse of the movie star. 他们苦等了至少四个小时，却最终只短短地瞟到了电影明星一眼。
【近】 brief, ephemeral, evanescent, flash, fugitive, impermanent, passing, temporary, transient, transitory
【反】 ceaseless, deathless, eternal, everlasting, immortal, lasting, permanent, perpetual, timeless 永恒的
n. 暴力，猛烈，强暴，暴行
