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subservient
【考法 1】 adj. 奉承的，屈从的： obsequiously submissive
【近】 amenable, biddable, compliant, conformable, docile, obeisant, obsequious, servile, submissive, tractable
【反】 contumacious, defiant, intractable, obstreperous, rebellious, recalcitrant, refractory, unruly 不顺从的
【派】 subservience n. 服从
subside
【考法 1】 vi. 下陷，下沉，减弱： to tend downward
【例】 Local officials say the flood waters have subsided. 当地官员表示洪水已经退去。‖As the noise of the siren subsided, I was able to fall back to sleep. 随着警笛声的减弱，我可以再次睡着了。‖The pain will subside in a couple of hours. 几个小时之内疼痛感就会退去的。
【近】 abate, decline, decrease, diminish, drop, dwindle, ebb, fall, lessen, moderate, recede, wane
【反】 balloon, burgeon, escalate, expand, grow, increase, intensify, rise, snowball, soar, wax 上升，增大
【派】 subsidence n. 下沉
subsidiary
【考法 1】 adj. 次要的： of secondary importance
【例】 The river has several subsidiary streams. 这条河拥有数条支流。
【近】 minor, secondary, subordinate, tributary
【反】 capital, cardinal, central, chief, key, leading, main, paramount, predominant, primary, principal, supreme 主要的，重要的
【考法 2】 adj. 起辅助作用的： furnishing aid or support
【例】 Attached are subsidiary materials. 附件当中的是辅助资料。
【近】 accessory, auxiliary, contributory, supplemental, supporting, upholding
subsidy
【考法 1】 n. 补助金，津贴： monetary assistance granted by a government to a person or group in support of
an enterprise regarded as being in the public interest
【例】 a subsidy to manufacturers during the war 战争期间对制造商的补贴金
【近】 allotment, allowance, appropriation, grant, subvention
【派】 subsidize vt. 提供补助
substantial
【考法 1】 adj. 物质的： of, relating to, or having substance
【例】 a world of dreams, even less substantial than a rainbow 一个梦想中的世界，甚至比彩虹还虚无缥缈
【近】 corporeal, concrete, gross, material, objective, physical, tangible
【反】 tenuous, vaporous 空洞的，空幻的；diaphanous, ethereal, immaterial 非物质的
【考法 2】 adj. 有重大意义的： considerable in importance, value, degree, amount, or extent
【例】 made a substantial progress 取得了实质性的进展
【近】 consequential, considerable, earthshaking, important, meaningful, momentous, significant, weighty
【反】 inconsequential, inconsiderable, insignificant, little, minor, negligible, slight, trifling, trivial 微不足道的
substantiate
【考法 1】 vt. 证实： to support with proof or evidence
【例】 There is little scientific evidence to substantiate the claims. 现在还缺乏足够的科学证据来证实这种言论。
【近】 attest, authenticate, confirm, corroborate, justify, validate, verify
【反】 controvert, disprove, rebut, refute 反驳
【派】 substantiated adj. 经证实的
【考法 2】 vt 使实体化： to give material form to
【例】 The artist's intense feelings are substantiated by his paintings' bold colors and broad brush strokes. 画家强烈的情感通过他画作中鲜艳的色彩和很宽的笔画体现出来。
【近】 embody, epitomize, externalize, incarnate, incorporate, manifest, materialize, personalize
【反】 disembody 使脱离肉体
【派】 substantiated adj. 已证实的
substantive
【考法 1】 adj. 本质的，关键的： of or relating to the essence or substance
【例】 The substantive information is their political stance. 关键的信息是他们的政治立场。
【近】 constitutional, elemental, essential, fundamental, substantial, vital
【反】 inconsequential, inconsiderable, insignificant, insubstantial, negligible, nominal 不重要的
subterfuge
【考法 1】 n. 狡计： deception by artifice or stratagem in order to conceal, escape, or evade
【例】 The spy obtained the documents by subterfuge. 间谍通过狡猾的计谋获得了文件。
【近】 artifice, cheat, chicanery, deception, fraud, trickery, wile
subtle
【考法 1】 adj. 微妙的，难以感知的： (so slight as to be)difficult to understand or perceive
【例】 subtle differences in meaning between the words 单词词义之间的细微差别
【近】 delicate, elusive, evasive, faint, fine, impalpable, intangible, nice, slight
【反】 blatant, conspicuous, obvious, patent, plain 明显的； open, public 公开的
【考法 2】 adj. 巧妙的，间接或带有欺骗性的： clever at attaining one's ends by indirect and often deceptive
means
【例】 used subtle methods of persuasion 采用了十分巧妙的劝说方式
【近】 beguiling, crafty, cunning, cute, designing, devious, foxy, guileful, scheming, shrewd, sly, tricky, wily
【反】 artless, guileless, ingenuous, innocent, undesigning 天真纯朴的，无伪装的
【派】 subtlety n. 微妙；微妙的想法
subvert
【考法 1】 vt. 颠覆： to overturn or overthrow from the foundation
【例】 an alleged plot to subvert the state 一个谣传的旨在推翻政权的阴谋
【近】 overthrow, overturn, topple
【反】 reinforce 加强
【派】 subversion n. 颠覆
adj. 反抗的，反对的，顽强的 n. 反抗的人，顽强者
