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2. Theories centering on the individual suggest that children engage incriminal behavior because they were not sufficiently penalized for previous misdeeds or that they have learned criminal behavior through interation with others.
【分析】多重复合句。句子主干为 Theories...suggest that...or that...，两个 that 引导两个并列的从句作 suggest 的宾语，由 连or 接。分词结构 centering on...是 Theories 的后置定语；第一个宾语从句中，children engage in criminal behavior 为句子主干，后跟 because 引导的原因状语从句；第二个宾语从句中，through interation with others 为方式状语。
【译文】强调个人因素的理论认为儿童的犯罪行为是因为他们曾经的恶习未得到应有的惩治，或是由于受别人影响而学会了犯罪。
【点拨】1) engage (sb.) in sth.“参加某事；从事某事”。2) misdeed“违法行为，犯罪”。
【临摹】你必须非常认真地对待你所从事的工作。
3. Theories focusing on the role of society suggest that children commit crimes in response to their failure to rise above their socioecomonic status, or as a rejection of middle-class value.
【分析】复合句。句子主干为 Theories...suggest that...，that 引导宾语从句。 focusing on the role of society 为现在分词结构作后置定语，修饰 Theories。 宾语从句的主干为 children commit crimes。
【译文】强调社会因素的理论认为儿童的犯罪行为是因为他们未能如愿地提高自己的社会经济地位，或者是因为排斥中产阶级的价值观。
