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一、前言
阅读分为四个层次：词、句、段、章。同学们一般习惯于以词为单位阅读，所以遇到结构稍微复杂点的句子就无从下手了。为了解决这一问题，本人特意为广大雅思同学制作了这一套“难句随身卡”。
如果大家读完这些句子，对于其语法结构不太清楚，很难完整理解全句的含义，则意味着大家阅读难句的能力还存在明显的问题，那么这套卡片就是帮助你提高阅读速度，最终在考试中取得阅读高分的利器。
二、难句的构成
英语的复杂难句=主句+从句+短语，不同于汉语的句子全是简单句，没有复杂句。如果把英语的难句比喻成大树，那么主句相当于树干，从句相当于树枝，而短语相当于叶子。相比之下，汉语的句子就好比是竹子，一节一节的。
因此，我们在理解英语难句的时候要学会“拆”——把复杂句拆成简单句来理解。
三、如何“拆”
任何句子都必须有谓语动词，所以找到一个谓语动词就可以拆下来一个句子。因此，理解难句的基本步骤是：1）识别出有哪几个谓语动词；2）找出主句的谓语动词，先理解主句；3）再去理解从句和短语。
四、符号说明
1．谓语动词用斜体字表示，例如：Everyone should know …。
2．从句的引导词用方框表示，例如：where the nearest fire alarm box is located。
3．从句用横线表示，例如：where the nearest fire alarm box is located，表示where引导的从句。
4．插入语成分用括号表示，例如：Keeping your head, (instead of crowding and pushing to get to an exit), may make the difference between…
第一章 平行并列结构
本章难句列表（分析从第7页开始）：
1．Everyone should know where the nearest fire alarm box is located and where exits, fire escapes, and fire doors are.
2．The way space is used to enable the individual to achieve privacy, to build homes or to design cities is culturally influenced.
3． I wanted her to know that my heart was with her, and that I thought England owed her a great debt and was going to miss her.
4．Keeping your head, instead of crowding and pushing to get to an exit, may make the difference between life and death when fire breaks out.
5．Neither friends nor family can convince phobic people that most animals are harmless, that thousands of travelers fly safely everyday, and millions of people ride safely in elevators several times each day.
6．Millions of people travel about the country by rail, by bus, or by automobile, or drive to and from their places of work and their homes.
7．Here we have a little child, without knowledge or experience; there a grown-up person with fully developed mental powers.
8． There are relay races in running and swimming in summer, and relay in skiing in winter.
9．But we remember with far greater pain that we did not see that beauty when it flowered, that we failed to respond with love when it was tendered.
10．This is not an easy lesson to learn, especially when we are young and think that the world is ours to command, that whatever we desire with the full force of our passionate being can be ours.
11．More than three million people live in inner London, and nearly five million people live in the surrounding suburban area, which is made up of formerly separate villages that have merged to form what is now called outer London.
12．The journey and the stay are by definition outside the normal places of residence and work, and are of short-term and temporary nature, and there is a clear intention to return home within a relatively short period of time.
13．The limited investments that are made in training workers are also much more narrowly focused on the specific skills necessary to do the next job rather than on the basic background skills that make it possible to absorb new technologies.
14．We have tried to isolate some of the key factors that govern service quality, and offer examples of organizations that manage service well and of some that manage it poorly.
15．Human beings have distinguished themselves from other animals, and in doing so ensured their survival, by the ability to observe and understand their environment and then either to adapt to that environment or to control and adapt it to their own needs.
本期难句分析：
1．Everyone should know where the nearest fire alarm box is located and where exits, fire escapes, and fire doors are.
结构：本句有三个谓语动词，分别是should know/is/are。其中主句的谓语动词为should know，其余两个都是由where引导的并列宾语从句。
本句可以拆分为：1) Everyone should know.2) Where the nearest fire alarm box is located.3) Where exits, fire escapes, and fire doors are.
翻译：每个人都应该知道最近的火灾报警箱的位置，以及安全出口、安全梯及防火门的位于何处。
2．The way space is used to enable the individual to achieve privacy, to build homes or to design cities is culturally influenced.
结构：本句有2个谓语动词，分别是2个is。其中第二个is是主句的谓语动词，其主语是the way。第二个is是定语从句的谓语动词，但是该定语从句很特殊，省略了引导词。定语从句中三个并列的不定式短语动词to achieve privacy, to build homes or to design cities共同作为is used的目的状语。
本句可以拆分为：1) The way is culturally influenced.2) Space is used to enable the individual to achieve privacy, to build homes or to design cities.
翻译：怎样利用空间来获得个人隐私、建造家园以及设计城市都会受到文化的影响。
3． I wanted her to know that my heart was with her, and that I thought England owed her a great debt and was going to miss her.
结构：本句有5个谓语动词，分别为wanted/was/thought/owed/was。其中主句的谓语动词为wanted。was和thought分别属于两个由that引导的并列宾语从句。而owed和was为两个并列的谓语动词，共同主语为England。England这句话前面为了避免重复而省略了宾语从句的引导词that，实际上是thought的宾语从句。
本句可以拆分为：1) I wanted her to know.2) That my heart was with her.3) That I thought.4) (That) England owed her a great debt and was going to miss her.
翻译：我想让她知道我的心陪伴着她，而且我认为英国欠了她一大笔债，很快就会想念她。
4．Keeping your head, (instead of crowding and pushing to get to an exit), may make the difference between life and death when fire breaks out.
结构：本句有两个谓语动词make/breaks out。其中主句的谓语动词为may make，其主语是动名词短语keeping your head。breaks out是when引导的时间状语从句的谓语动词。插入语(instead of…)中的crowding和pushing两个动名词是平行并列结构。
本句可以拆分为：1) Keeping your head may make the difference between life and death.2) When fire breaks out.
翻译：当发生火灾时，保持头脑冷静，而不是向安全出口拥堵，能够带来生与死的不同结果。
