8.替代词 one如果不带任何前置修饰语,即它的前面既没有限定词,又没有形容词时,便不是替代名词词组的中心词,而是替代
整个名词词组。这时,one=a+单数名词。例如:
A cake made of wheat costs less than one made of rice.(one =a cake)
one的这种用法是泛指同类事物中的任何一个,相当一个不定冠词,因此它没有复数形式。要泛指复数事物,只能用some。例如:
Here are a few apples.Would you like some(=some of them)?
II.替代词that和those的用法:
1.that和those通常用作指使代词,也可用作替代词。它们总是伴随着限定性的后置修饰语,分别等于the one和 the ones。
例如:
The houses of the rich are generally larger than those of the poor.
2.that也可替代不可数名词,但是 the one则不能。例如:
The resistance of a thicker wire is less than that of a thin one.
以上两例中的that都不能换成the one。
3.that作替代词,只能指物,不能指人。those作替代词,既可指物,也可指人。例如:
The blonde girl I saw was older than the one you were dancing with.
该句中的the one不能换成that。
4.that用作替代词和它所替代的名词词组的中心词的“数”可以不一致。替代单数名词时,只替代“the +单数名词”,不可
替代“a+单数名词”。例如:
The song by Schubert is more tuneful than that by Britain.(that=the song。song为可数名词。)
请注意,这里说的that只替代“the +单数名词”,不可替代“a+单数名词?,系指that在句子中实际的作用,并非要求它在句
子中所代表的前面出现的词组必须是“the +单数名词?。例如:
In those days they lived a life worse than that of a beast of burden.
在该句中,前面出现的词组为a life,但that替代的却是the life。
that作为替代词,它不能用于零关系分句(即没有关系代词的定语从句)之前。例如:
The problem confronting us today is not dissimilar from that which the nation confronted in the 1930s.