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Salmon fishermen on the West Coast of the United States are expressing increasing concern about threats to the fish population.
美国西海岸的鲑鱼渔民越来越担忧鱼类数量面临的威胁。
Heat waves and drought, a long period without rain, are raising water temperatures and lowering water levels.
热浪和长时间不下雨的干旱，导致水温升高，水位下降。
The extreme conditions are killing wild fish from Idaho to California.
从爱达荷州到加州，极端的自然环境正在导致野生鱼类死亡。
Hundreds of thousands of young salmon are dying in Northern California's Klamath River.
在加州北部的克拉马斯河，成千上万的幼鲑鱼正在死去。
The low water levels fuel the spread of parasites that kill the fish.
低水位有助于鱼类的致命杀手寄生虫的传播。
A collapse of one year's group of young salmon can have lasting effects on the total population.
一年内幼鲑鱼数量的减少会对整个种群产生持久的影响。
It can also shorten or stop the fishing season.
它还会缩短或终止捕鱼季。
Climate change is making the American West hotter and drier and endangering the salmon fishing industry.
气候变化导致美国西部越来越热越干燥，危及到鲑鱼捕鱼业。
The industry is worth about $1.4 billion dollars in California alone.
仅在加州，这个产业的价值就高达14亿美元。
The falling numbers of wild salmon catches has caused a sharp rise in price for the fish.
野生鲑鱼捕获量的下降引发了鱼类价格的急剧上涨。
Fisherman Mike Hudson says people are not able to spend $35 for a pound, about 450 grams, of the fish.
渔民迈克·哈德森说，人们无法接受一磅(约450克)鲑鱼35美元的价格。
Hudson has been catching and selling salmon at farmers markets in Berkeley for 25 years.
25年来，哈德森一直捕获鲑鱼，并在伯克利的农贸市场销售。
Hudson has considered retiring and selling his 12-meter boat because business, in his words, is "going to get worse from here."
哈德森考虑过退休并卖掉他长12米的船，因为用他的话来说，生意“从现在开始会越来越不好做”。
Winter-run Chinook salmon are born in the Sacramento River and travel hundreds of miles to the Pacific Ocean.
冬季洄游的奇努克鲑鱼出生于萨克拉门托河，然后游到数百英里外的太平洋。
There, they normally spend three years before returning to their birthplace to mate and lay their eggs between April and August.
它们通常会在太平洋生活3年，然后在4至8月返回出生地交配产卵。
Unlike the autumn-run Chinook that survives almost entirely from hatchery breeding programs, the winter-run is still largely wild.
与几乎全靠孵化繁殖项目才存活下来的秋季洄游的奇努克鲑鱼不同，冬季洄游的奇努克鲑鱼大部分都是野生的。
Federal fisheries officials predicted in May that more than 80 percent of baby salmon could die because of warmer water in the Sacramento River.
5月份，联邦渔业官员预测，由于萨克拉门托河的河水变暖，超过80%的幼鲑鱼可能会死亡。
Now, state officials say that number could be higher because of a quickly drying cool water in Lake Shasta.
现在，州政府官员表示，由于沙斯塔湖的冷水在迅速干燥，死亡幼鱼的数量可能还会更高。
The lake is California's largest reservoir.
沙斯塔湖是加州最大的水库。
It is filled to only about 35 percent capacity, federal water managers said this week.
本周，联邦水资源管理人员表示，它的水量只有大约35%。
"The pain we're going to feel is a few years from now," said John McManus.
约翰·麦克马纳斯说:“几年后我们将感受到这一切带来的痛苦。”
The executive director of the Golden State Salmon Association, which represents the fishing industry, said that soon there will be no wild, naturally bred salmon in the ocean.
渔业代表金州鲑鱼协会(Golden State Salmon Association)的执行董事表示，海洋里很快就不会有野生的、自然繁殖的鲑鱼了。
When Lake Shasta was formed in the 1940s, it blocked access to the cool mountain rivers where fish traditionally reproduced.
20世纪40年代沙斯塔湖形成的时候，它拦截了通往凉爽山区的河流，鱼类通常会在这些河流中繁殖。
To ensure the survival of salmon in Lake Shasta, the U.S. government is required to keep river temperatures below 13 Celsius because salmon eggs cannot live in anything warmer.
为了确保沙斯塔湖鲑鱼的生存，美国政府被要求将河流温度控制在13摄氏度以下，因为鲑鱼卵无法在13度以上的环境中生存。
The warming water is starting to affect older fish, too.
海水变暖也在影响年龄较大的鱼类。
Scientists have seen some adult fish dying before they can lay their eggs.
科学家们发现一些成年鱼类会在产卵前死亡。
"An extreme set of cascading climate events is pushing us into this crisis situation," said Jordan Traverso, an official with the California Department of Wildlife and Fish.
加州野生动物和鱼类部门的官员乔丹·特拉弗索说，“一系列极端气候事件正把我们推向危机之中。”
The West has been struggling with a historic drought and recent heat waves worsened by climate change.
美国西部一直在与历史性的干旱和最近因气候变化而恶化的热浪作斗争。
Waterways and reservoirs that are used by millions of people and wildlife are affected.
数百万人和野生动物赖以生存的水道和水库受到了影响。
As a result, the state has been moving millions of salmon raised at hatcheries directly to the ocean each year.
因此，该州每年将数百万在孵化场饲养的鲑鱼直接投放到海洋中。
That way, the fish do not travel through unhealthy waterways.
这样，鱼群就不必通过不友好的水路。
State and federal owned hatcheries take other measures to save the salmon.
州和联邦所有的孵化场还采取了其他措施来拯救鲑鱼。
For example, they keep a genetic bank to stop inbreeding at hatcheries.
例如，他们建立了一个基因库来防止孵化场里的鲑鱼出现近亲繁殖。
Fishermen and environmental groups blame water agencies for using too much water for farms.
渔民和环保组织指责水务机构在农场上耗费了太多水资源。
"We know that climate change is going to make years like this more common," said Sam Mace, a director of Save Our Wild Salmon.
“我们知道，气候变化会让这样的年份变得更常见，”拯救野生鲑鱼组织(Save Our Wild Salmon)的主管萨姆·梅斯(Sam Mace)说。
The group is working to increase populations of wild salmon and other fish in the Pacific Northwest.
该组织正在努力增加太平洋西北部野生鲑鱼和其他鱼类的数量。
She said federal and state agencies should be better prepared to deal with a problem they know is coming.
她说，联邦和州机构应该为他们知道即将到来的问题做好更充分的准备。
On the Klamath River near the Oregon border, California wildlife officials decided not to release more than 1 million young Chinook salmon into the wild.
在俄勒冈州边境附近的克拉马斯河上，加州野生动物官员决定不将100多万只奇努克幼鲑鱼放归野外。
Instead, it drove them to hatcheries that could hold them until river conditions improve.
相反，他们把这些鱼赶到了孵化场，在河水条件改善以前，一直生活在那里。
Scientists say the salmon population in California historically has lived through droughts in the past.
科学家表示，加州的鲑鱼种群曾经在干旱中存活了下来。
But the continuing drought could destroy some runs of salmon.
但持续的干旱可能会妨碍一些鲑鱼的洄游。
"We're at the point where I'm not sure drought is appropriate term to describe what's happening," said Andrew Rypel, a fish ecologist at the University of California, Davis.
加州大学戴维斯分校(University of California, Davis)的鱼类生态学家安德鲁·瑞佩尔(Andrew Rypel)表示：“目前的情况，我不确定用干旱来描述是否合适。”
He said the West is becoming a low-water environment.
他说，西部的环境正在向低水位变化。
I'm Susan Shand.
苏珊·尚德为您播报。
译文为可可英语翻译，未经授权请勿转载！
