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The most recent example of a pandemic is the spread of COVID-19, commonly known as coronavirus.
大流行的最新例子是新冠肺炎的传播，俗称冠状病毒。
However, diseases have spread among human populations throughout history.
然而，纵观历史，疾病一直在人类中传播。
One of the earliest known examples was the spread of an infectious disease through Ethiopia, Egypt, and Libya.
已知的最早的例子之一是一种传染病在埃塞俄比亚、埃及和利比亚的传播。
Eventually the disease reached the Mediterranean region and the city of Athens, where from 430 to 426 B.C.E., during the Peloponnesian War, roughly one-quarter of the city's population died from sickness while under siege by Sparta.
最终这种疾病传播到地中海地区和雅典，公元前430到426年，在伯罗奔尼撒战争期间，大约四分之一的城市人口在斯巴达的围困下死于疾病。
With time, outbreaks of disease that spread across large geographic regions and that ultimately affect large numbers of people worldwide -- known as pandemics -- have become no more merciful.
随着时间的推移，在大范围地理区域传播并最终影响世界各地大量人的疾病暴发--即所谓的大流行--已变得不再仁慈。
Encyclopaedia Britannica presents The History of Pandemics.
大英百科全书介绍了流行病的历史。
A famous example of a pandemic is the Black Death.
大流行的一个著名例子是黑死病。
Responsible for wiping out some 30 to 50 percent of Europe's population, the Black Death made its way to Sicily in 1347 and spread from there to mainland Europe like wildfire.
1347年，黑死病横扫了欧洲30% ~ 50%的人口，并像野火一样从西西里岛蔓延到欧洲大陆。
Populations in Asia and North Africa were also devastated.
亚洲和北非的人口也遭受重创。
Following the arrival of Christopher Columbus in the Americas in the late 1400s, the plague spread to native populations there.
15世纪末克里斯托弗·哥伦布到达美洲后，瘟疫蔓延到当地居民。
Europeans carried many other infectious diseases with them as well, including smallpox, typhus, cholera, and influenza.
欧洲人还携带了许多其他传染病，包括天花、斑疹伤寒、霍乱和流感。
With no previous exposure -- and therefore no immunity -- to these diseases, native populations of North and South America were devastated by disease.
由于以前没有接触过这些疾病--因此没有免疫力--北美和南美洲的土著人口被疾病摧毁了。
Some scientists even suggest that the effect was so great on the Native American population, with a death toll estimated at 56 million, that the climate moved into a cooling cycle due to a lack of crop rotation.
一些科学家甚至认为，这对美洲原住民的影响如此之大，估计死亡人数为5600万人，以致于由于缺乏轮作，气候进入了降温周期。
A wide array of hosts can carry and transmit disease, including insects, rodents, livestock, wildlife, and, of course, humans.
各种各样的宿主可以携带和传播疾病，包括昆虫、啮齿动物、牲畜、野生动物，当然还有人类。
Many different factors can contribute to the emergence of a pandemic, and some of these factors have fueled an increased occurrence of pandemics in the 20th and 21st centuries.
许多不同的因素可能导致大流行的出现，其中一些因素助长了20世纪和21世纪大流行的增加。
In particular, the disruption of natural biodiversity, increased human-to-human contact in cities, and increased global travel have increased the spread of disease.
特别是，自然生物多样性的破坏、城市中人与人之间接触的增加以及全球旅行的增加，增加了疾病的传播。
In recent history the 1918 influenza pandemic was very severe.
在近代史上，1918年的流感大流行非常严重。
Though the origin of the virus remains inconclusive, it spread worldwide during 1918-1919.
尽管病毒的来源仍不确定，但它在1918-1919年期间传播到了世界各地。
The first identified cases in the US were in military personnel.
美国最早发现的病例是军人。
By the end of the pandemic, it is estimated, a third of the global population, some 500 million people, had the virus.
据估计，到大流行结束时，全球三分之一的人口，约5亿人感染了这种病毒。
Some estimates of the number of deaths were as high as 50 million worldwide, with 650,000 of them in the US.
据估计，全球死亡人数高达5000万人，其中美国有65万。
While COVID-19 is on the tip of the tongue of everyone around the globe right now.
而新冠肺炎现在正在全球范围内被讨论。
This is only one instance in a history -- with many inflection points -- of pandemics.
这只是有众多拐点的大流行历史上的一个例子。
