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Cafes, hammam baths, hotels, and even grocery shops were donated, and then run by trusts, their profits used to build and support hospitals, schools, and housing.
咖啡馆、浴室、酒店，甚至是杂货店都是捐赠的，然后由信托公司经营，其利润用来建造和支持医院、学校和住房。
By the 19th century, one-third of all land in Tunisia was reserved as waqf trusts.
到19世纪，突尼斯三分之一的土地被保留为义捐信托。
In his efforts to build a modern state in the 1950s, Tunisia’s post-independence leader President Habib Bourguiba did away with the waqf system, which by then had become entangled in inheritance disputes.
20世纪50年代，突尼斯独立，总统哈比卜·布尔吉巴在努力建立一个现代国家的过程中，废除了义捐制度，在那时，该制度已陷入遗产继承纠纷。
In his new, socialist state, the government would provide for the people and citizens would pay their taxes directly to the state.
在他建立的新社会主义国家中，政府将为人民提供福利，公民将直接向国家纳税。
Yet today, with unemployment at 14.9%, the national debt at 94% of gross domestic product, and inflation and poverty on the rise, that socialist system too is outdated.
然而今天，在失业率高达14.9%、国家债务占国内生产总值94%、通货膨胀率和贫困率不断上升的情况下，这种社会主义制度也已经过时了。
The Tunisian government is struggling to provide basic services, pay public sector workers, and provide health care to a population reliant on public services.
突尼斯政府正在努力提供基本服务，支付公共部门工作人员的工资，并为依赖公共服务的人口提供医疗保健。
Social entrepreneur Leila Ben Gacem, whose Blue Fish organization helps create opportunities for dozens of struggling Tunisian artisans, is championing habous as a solution, both conceptually and as an untapped resource.
社会企业家利拉·本·加西姆的蓝鱼组织帮助数十名苦苦挣扎的突尼斯工匠创造了机会，他支持义捐作为一种解决方案，无论是在概念上还是作为一种未开发的资源。
“Social entrepreneurship is not an American or European concept; it is a Tunisian concept developed right here several centuries ago in the form of habous,” says Ms. Ben Gacem.
“公益创业不是美国或欧洲的概念; 这是几个世纪前在突尼斯以义捐的形式出现并发展起来的概念，”本··加西姆女士说。
“And unlike other forms of charity or government safety nets, it is self-generating and sustainable.”
“与其他形式的慈善或政府保障网络不同，公益创业是自我生产和可持续的。”
Ms. Ben Gacem promotes waqf as a solution that would break down the rigid separation between the private sector and charities in modern Tunisia that many believe has placed the social support burden too heavily on the shoulders of government.
本·加西姆女士将义捐作为一种解决方案来宣传，这种方法将打破现代突尼斯私营部门和慈善机构之间的严格分离，许多人认为这种分离将社会支持的重担压在了政府的肩上。
“When it comes to capitalism and charity, it is not ‘either/or.’
“当谈到资本主义和慈善事业时，这不是非此即彼的问题。
Waqf proves you can both have a profitable business and help others,” says Ms. Ben Gacem.
义捐证明了你既可以赚钱，又可以帮助别人，” 加西姆说。
“We need to educate Tunisians that there is a third way developed from our own culture and experience.”
“我们需要教育突尼斯人，从我们自己的文化和经历中发展出第三条道路。”
Today, Tunisia’s cities and countryside are scarred by crumbling shops, disused and overgrown farmland, and decrepit buildings – all unclaimed waqf properties left in limbo by the Bourguiba government’s 1957 decree ending the system.
今天，突尼斯的城市和农村满目疮痍，破败的商店、废弃的、杂草丛生的农田以及破旧的建筑--所有这些无人认领的义捐财产都被搁置了下来，因为1957年布尔吉巴政府颁布法令，终止了这一制度。
Families with historical claims but no documentation cannot reclaim or utilize their ancestors’ habous properties.
拥有历史认领经历但没有文件证明的家庭不能收回或使用他们祖先的义捐财产。
