名词的单数和复数形式

英语中名词有单数和复数两种形式,如:a pencil (一枝铅笔), three pencils( 三枝铅笔), many pencils (许多枝铅笔)。
英语名词的复数形式一般是在单数形式后加词尾-s 构成,例如:
pen pens
peasant peasants
在以 “s”,“sh”,“ch”,“o“结尾的词后加-es。 例如:
class classes
brush brushes
bench benches
tomato tomatoes
在以“辅音字母+y”结尾的词后先变 y 为 i,再加es。例如:
family families
secretary secretaries

词尾 -(e)s 的读音如下:
(a)在清辅音后读作[s],
maps [m*ps]
desks [desks]
(b)在浊辅音及元音后读作[z],
pens [penz]
rooms [rumz]
windows [#wind2uz]
chairs [t152z]
(c)在[s] [z] [1] [t1] [d3] 后面读作[iz],
classes [#kl4:siz]
benches [#bent1iz]
brushes [#br71iz]
pages [#peid3iz]
注意:末尾的[t][d]加词尾 -(e)s后成为破擦音[ts] [dz],例如:
students [#stju:d2nts]
spades [speidz]
少数名词有特殊的复数形式,例如:
man men
woman women (妇女)
[#wum2n] [#wimin]
child children
knife knives [naivz]

基数词1-20

1. one 11. eleven
2. two 12. twelve
3. three 13. thirteen
4. four 14. fourteen
5. five 15. fifteen
6. six 16. sixteen
7. seven 17. seventeen
8. eight 18. eighteen
9. nine 19. nineteen
10. ten 20. twenty