Young American students take a variety of standardized tests.
But the ways that students are educated so that they'll do well on such tests presents a problem. The preparation increases what's called crystallized knowledge: that's factual information, such as the capital of Texas is Austin. But the tests do not enhance what is referred to as fluid intelligence: the ability to think logically or theoretically. That's according to a study in the journal Psychological Science. Scientists analyzed test scores and IQs of almost 1,400 eighth-graders. They found that schoolwork could significantly raise students' test scores, while having no effect on the ratings of their fluid intelligence scores… which are better indicators of memory capacity, thinking speed and the ability to solve abstract problems. It's been shown that high scores on standardized tests predict success on future exams like the SAT and Advanced Placement tests. But little is known about the effect of improving fluid intelligence.

美国年轻是学生们需要闯过多种标准化考试的难关。
但是他们受到的可以很好的应付这些考试的教育模式也暴露出了缺陷。 备考使得所谓的晶体智力增加： 这是种切实存在的固定信息，诸如得克萨斯州的首府是奥斯汀。 但这样的测试并不会增加他们的流体智力： 这是需要运用逻辑思考和理性判断的能力。 这是根据在《心理学科学杂志》上发表的研究得出的结论。 科学家们分析了大约1400名8年级学生们的测试及智商测试结果。 他们发现学校作业可以有效帮助学生们提升分数，但不会增加他们的流体智力， 而就是流体智力可是记忆能力、思考速度以及解决具体问题能力等方面很好的参照物。 而考试的高分成绩可被用于预测之后要进行的诸如SAT和高等教育测试之类的考试。 但却不能很好的检验流体智力方面提高的影响。