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It matters what kind of perfectionist someone is.
Psychologists distinguish between a “self-oriented” version, in which people put pressure on themselves to perform flawlessly; an “other-oriented” type, in which people hold their colleagues to the highest of standards; and a “socially prescribed” version, in which employees think they will only get on if they meet the impossible expectations of those around them.
People in the last camp seem to be especially prone to stress.
A recent Italian study found that, whereas having extremely high standards for your own performance was not a predictor of burnout, being afraid of making mistakes was.
Perfectionists may also hurt team cohesiveness.
In a study conducted in 2020, Emily Kleszewski and Kathleen Otto of Philipps-University of Marburg asked people to rate potential co-workers based on descriptions of their levels and categories of perfectionism.
Perfectionists were regarded as being less socially skilled and less likeable than non-perfectionists.
You don’t have to like your colleagues for them to be effective: in that same study, perfectionists were rated as more competent than non-perfectionists.
But when more and more work is organised around small groups working together, it can help not to loathe each other.
区分完美主义者的类型也很重要。
心理学家区分出了三种类型:“自我导向型”,即给自己施加压力,以求表现得完美无瑕;“以他人为导向型”,即以最高标准要求同事;以及“社会规定型”,即员工认为,只有达到了周围人不可能达到的期望,他们才能继续工作。
最后一类人似乎特别容易感觉到压力。
意大利最近的一项研究发现,虽然对自己的表现有极高的要求并不会引发崩溃,但害怕犯错会。
完美主义者也可能会破坏团队凝聚力。
在2020年进行的一项研究中,马尔堡-菲利普大学的艾米丽・克莱谢夫斯基和凯瑟琳・奥托让人们根据未来同事对自己的完美主义程度和类型的描述给他们打分。
人们认为完美主义者的社交能力不如非完美主义者,也没有非完美主义者讨人喜欢。
你喜不喜欢同事与他们的工作能力无关:该研究发现,人们认为完美主义者比非完美主义者能力更强。
但当小组有越来越多的工作要共同处理时,组员不厌恶彼此会有所帮助。
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