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This is Scientific American’s 60-Second Science. I'm Ashleigh Papp.
Mountain lions are now posing for their close ups.
Researchers based in the greater Yellowstone National Park area have figured out a new way to identify these cats by using facial recognition.
And this method is proving to be a better way to monitor these highly elusive creatures.
Mountain lions are just really, really hard to directly observe.
They're just so cryptic and secretive.
And so we've had to find these non-invasive methods, they're often called to, to get information about a mountain lion population.
That’s Peter Alexander, a research biologist based in Kelly, Wyoming, who led the research project.
One tool that researchers like Alexander are using is a camera trap.
The traps, which are about the size of a shoe box or even a coffee cup, are attached to something that's along the animal's regular path, like a tree that the puma has territorially scraped.
When motion is detected, the trap gets triggered, resulting in a snapshot of the mountain lion as it strolls by.
The cameras even have an infrared flash so that nighttime photos are captured without disturbing the animal.
Researchers around the world use this type of tool to estimate population numbers and overall abundance of species.
They comb through the images, sometimes using machine learning algorithms, and analyze them to identify individuals.
But according to Alexander, there's a problem with this method when it comes to ID'ing mountain lions:
这里是科学美国人――60秒科学系列,我是阿什利・帕普。
山狮正在为它们的特写摆姿势。
黄石国家公园的研究人员发现了一种通过面部识别来识别这些猫的新方法。
这种方法被证明是监测这些极其难以发现的生物的更好方法。
山狮真的很难直接观察到。
它们只不过是太神秘莫测了。
我们必须找到这些非侵入性的方法,他们经常被要求去获取关于山狮种群的信息。
这是彼得・亚历山大,怀俄明州凯利的一位研究生物学家,领导了这项研究项目。
像亚历山大这样的研究人员正在使用的一种工具是抓拍相机。
这些抓拍相机大约有一个鞋盒甚至一个咖啡杯大小,被安装在动物经常走过路劲上,比如美洲狮领土内路过的一棵树。
当检测到移动时,这个抓拍相机就会被触发,从而得到美洲狮漫步经过时的快照。
这种相机甚至有红外闪光灯,以便无需打扰动物就可以拍摄夜间照片。
世界各地的研究人员使用这种工具来估计物种的数量和总体丰富度。
他们仔细搜查图像,有时使用机器学习算法,分析算法来识别个体。
但根据亚历山大的说法,这种方法在识别美洲狮时存在一个问题:
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