This is Scientific American's 60-second Science, I'm Christopher Intagliata.Air pollution causes millions of premature deaths around the world every year, according to an estimate by the World Health Organization.And one of the most significant drivers of air pollution in cities is exhaust that comes out of tailpipes from cars, trucks and buses.In an effort to tame its air pollution, the city of Hong Kong has deployed a system that can sense when a high polluting vehicle drives by.There are more than 150 sites for monitoring of vehicle emissions in Hong Kong, so that high-emitting vehicles can be identified quickly and enforced for repair.John Zhou is an environmental engineer at the University of Technology Sydney.And he's co-author on a new analysis of the program, in the journal Science Advances.He says the system works like this.Sensors at road level shoot beams of light across the road, to a reflector.The sensors then measure how much light is absorbed by pollutants, and roughly calculate emissions from passing vehicles.At the same time, the system is reading license plates, and sends notices to big polluters.Enforcement began in 2014.In the following four years, the program pulled 16,000 vehicles off the road―mostly taxis, but also private cars and buses.Government subsidies helped fix up 96 percent of those vehicles, and ensured they passed smog tests.You know, hopefully, from the publication of this research, we can raise awareness about the effectiveness of getting the heavy polluting vehicles off the road.
这里是科学美国人――60秒科学系列，我是克里斯托弗・因塔利亚塔。据世界卫生组织估计，空气污染每年导致全球数百万人过早死亡。城市空气污染最主要的驱动因素之一是汽车、卡车和公共汽车排气管中的废气。为了缓解空气污染，香港市已经部署了一种系统，当高污染的车辆驶过时，该系统可以感知到。香港有超过150个监测车辆排放的地点，以便迅速找出排放严重的车辆，并强制进行维修。约翰・周(John Zhou)是悉尼科技大学的环境工程师。他是发表在《科学进步》杂志上的一篇关于该项目的新分析的合著者。他说这个系统是这样运作的。道路上的传感器发射光束穿过道路，到达反射器。这些传感器可以测量污染物吸收了多少光，并大致计算出过往车辆的排放量。该系统同时可以读取车牌号，并向大型污染车辆发送通知。执法始于2014年。在接下来的四年里，该项目让16000辆汽车停靠路边，其中大部分是出租车，但也有私家车和公交车。政府补贴帮助修复了其中96%的车辆，并确保它们通过了雾霾测试。希望通过这项研究的发表，我们可以提高人们对让重污染车辆远离道路的有效性的认识。
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