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This is Scientific American's 60-second Science, I'm Christopher Intagliata.
Sunday morning, September 28th, 1969, a fireball lit up the skies north of Melbourne, Australia.
"People were getting ready to go to church, and then they heard this loud sonic boom.
Some of them saw the bright fireball in broad daylight, and people were surprised.
They said, 'What's going on, especially those who were not outside,
they really...is there an airplane that came down? It sounded really dramatic.'
And then suddenly, shortly after that, there was a smell that was detectable over the whole area.
People describe it as methylated spirits―a strong organic smell."
Cosmochemist Philipp Heck of Chicago's Field Museum describing the spectacular arrival of what's now known as the Murchison meteorite,
named for the village where it was found.
A portion of the space debris now resides at the Field Museum.
And Heck says it's our best source of presolar stardust―meaning stardust older than the solar system and the sun itself.
"I call it a scientific treasure trove."
Inside the meteorite is dusty debris left over from when stars slightly larger than our sun fizzled out.
Over millions of years, those dust grains were battered by cosmic rays, which slightly altered their composition.
Atoms of elements got broken down into smaller ones like neon and helium.
And then some of that stardust was swallowed up within rocks―such as the Murchison meteorite―during the formation of our solar system.
Those rocks served as time capsules, preserving the material for unimaginable ages.
这里是科学美国人――60秒科学系列,我是克里斯托弗・因塔格里塔。
1969年9月28日是周日,那天上午,一个火球点亮了澳大利亚墨尔本北部的天空。
“当时人们正准备去教堂,之后他们听到了巨大的音爆。
有些人在大白天看到了明亮的火球,人们非常惊讶。
尤其是不在外面的人,人们都在问:这是怎么回事?
是飞机坠毁了吗?声音真的非常大。
之后不久,整个地区突然出现了一股能闻到的气味。
人们说那是甲基化酒精,一种强烈的有机气味。”
芝加哥菲尔德博物馆的宇宙化学家菲利普・赫克描述了现在被称为“默奇森陨石”来临时的壮观景象,
该陨石是以其被发现的村庄名字而命名。
一部分太空碎片现在保存在菲尔德博物馆。
赫克说这是有关前太阳系星团的最佳资料,前太阳系星团指比太阳系和太阳本身更古老的星团。
“我称之为科学宝藏。”
陨石内部是比太阳稍大的恒星逐渐消亡后留下的灰尘碎片。
数百万年前,这些灰尘颗粒受到了宇宙射线的袭击,之后其成分略有改变。
成分中的原子被分解成更小的原子,如氖和氦。
之后,在我们太阳系形成的过程中,部分星尘被默奇森陨石之类的石头所吞噬。
这些石头就像时间胶囊,将这些物质保存到难以想象的年代。
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