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This is Scientific American's 60-second Science, I'm Christopher Intagliata.
Last year, Google unveiled Duplex, its artificial-intelligence-powered assistant.
"How can I help you?"
"Hi, I'm calling to book a women's haircut for a client. Um, I'm looking for something on May 3rd."
That's a robot.
"Sure, give me one second."
"For what time are you looking for around?"
The machine assistant never identified itself as a bot in the demo. And Google got a lot of flak for that.
They later clarified that they would only launch the tech with "disclosure built in."
But therein lies a dilemma, because a new study in the journal Nature Machine Intelligence
suggests that a bot is most effective when it hides its machine identity.
"That is, if it is allowed to pose as human."
Talal Rahwan is a computational social scientist at New York University's campus in Abu Dhabi.
His team recruited nearly 700 online volunteers to play the prisoner's dilemma―
a classic game of negotiation, trust and deception―against either humans or bots.
Half the time, the human players were told the truth about who they were matched up against.
The other half, they were told they were playing a bot when they were actually playing a human
or that they were battling a human when, in fact, it was only a bot.
And the scientists found that bots actually did remarkably well in this game of negotiation―if they impersonated humans.
"When the machine is reported to be human, it outperforms humans themselves.
这里是科学美国人――60秒科学系列,我是克里斯托弗・因塔格里塔。
去年,谷歌推出了人工智能助手Duplex。
“有什么需要我帮忙的?”
“你好,我打电话来为一名女客户预约理发。嗯,我想订5月3日那天。”
这是机器人在说话。
“好的,请稍等。”
"Mm-hmm."
“嗯,嗯。”
“您想预约几点理发?”
在演示中,机器助手从头至尾都未表明自已是机器人。谷歌因此饱受指责。
之后,他们澄清说,在安装“内置披露”后才会发布这项技术。
但这里存在一个两难局面,因为《自然机器智能》期刊上的一项新研究表明,
当机器人隐藏其机器身份时,其效率最高。
“也就是说,它被允许模仿人类的时候。”
纽约大学阿布扎比分校的计算社会科学家泰拉尔・拉万说到。
他的团队招募了近700名网络志愿者,与人类或机器人玩“囚徒困境”,
这是涉及谈判、信任和欺骗的经典博弈。
一半时间里,志愿者被告知对手的真实信息。
另一半时间里,对阵角色是真人时,志愿者会被告知对方是机器人;
或者当他们被告知与真人对弈时,其实对面只是个机器人。
科学家发现,如果机器人模仿人类,那它们在这场谈判博弈中的表现会非常出色。
“当机器被谎报为人类时,它的表现要优于人类。
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