Dreading an attack from the northern tribes,Agricola resolved to strike them within their own bounds.Leaving his fortified line, and crossing the Forth at Queensferry, he advanced northward through Fife.The clans rose for the defence of their country against the fierce peoplewhose lust of dominion had brought them so far;and they put a chief named Galgacus at their head.What manner of man he was who has come down to us under this name,what life he lived, or what death he died, we have no means of knowing;but the man around whom these old clans gathered,to bleed and die for country and freedom, must have had in him some of the stuff of which heroes are made.The Romans found the Caledonian army drawn up on the moor of Ardoch, in Perthshire, at the foot of the Grampian mountains (A. D. 84).The Caledonians fought with desperate courage, but the vastly superior discipline and arms of the Romans gave them every advantage.
由于害怕受到北方部落的攻击，阿格里科拉决定先下手为强，在他们自己的地盘里将它们击败。他离开堡垒，在昆斯费里跨过福斯湾，一路北上。北方部落奋起反抗，保卫自己土地不被这些征服欲很强的人抢夺去；他们推选加尔贾克斯作为首领。我们无法获知他是个什么样的人，过着什么样的生活，或者是怎么死去的；但是这些古老的部落能推选他为领袖，愿意跟随他为这个国家的自由流血牺牲，他肯定有着英雄的某些特质。罗马人发现苏格兰军队在佩思郡格兰扁山脉脚下的啊多克沼泽逼近（公元84年）。Tacitus says that they were 30,000 strong―the Romans 26,000.据塔西佗所记，苏格兰军队一共有30000将士――罗马军队只有26000人。苏格兰军队不顾一切地英勇战斗，但是，罗马军队训练有素，占了上风。
