The reason the chimpanzees don't do that is that they lack what psychologists and anthropologists call social learning.That is, they seem to lack the ability to learn from others by copying or imitating or simply watching.As a result, they can't improve on others' ideas, learn from others' mistakes, or even benefit from others' wisdom.And so they just do the same thing over and over and over again.In fact, we could go away for a million years and come back and these chimpanzees would be doing the same thing with the same rocks to crack open the nuts.Okay, so what this tells us is that, contrary to the old saying, "monkey see, monkey do," the surprise really is that all of the other animals really cannot do that -- at least not very much.But by comparison, we humans can learn.We can learn by watching other people and copying or imitating what they can do.We can then choose, from among a range of options available, the best one.We can benefit from others' ideas. We can build on their wisdom.And as a result, our ideas do accumulate, and our technology progresses.And this cumulative cultural adaptation, as anthropologists call this accumulation of ideas, is responsible for everything around you in your bustling and teeming everyday life.
黑猩猩不这样做的原因是它们不能进行心理学家和人类学家所称的社会学习。也就是说，他们似乎缺乏通过复制、模仿或仅仅是观看来向别人学习的能力。因此，他们不能就别人的想法加以改进，不能从别人的错误中学习，甚至不能从别人的智慧中获益。所以他们只是一遍又一遍地做同样的事情。事实上，我们可以过100万年再来看，这些黑猩猩会用同样的石头来敲开坚果。好的，这告诉我们，与“猴子看，猴子做（有样学样）”这句老话相反，所有其他动物都不能做到这一点――至少学到的不是很多。但相比之下，我们人类可以学习。我们可以通过观察其他人，复制或模仿他们的行为来学习。然后，我们可以从一系列可供选择的选项中选择最好的一个。我们可以从别人的想法中获益。我们可以依靠他们的智慧。因此，我们的想法不断积累，我们的技术不断进步。这种累积的文化适应，正如人类学家所称的，是思想的积累，与熙熙攘攘的日常生活中你周围的一切都有关。
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