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10 Friedrich Hegel
Hegel was born in Stuttgart on August 27,1770, the son of an official.
Urged by his pietist father to enter the clergy, he registered in the Tubingen Lutheran seminary in 1788.
A fair student, Hegel generally preferred the conviviality of cafes and country walks to scholarly asceticism.
His love of wine and company, and his interest in practical political matters prevailed over the stern demands of a religious calling.
Nevertheless, he studied philosophy for two years.
In 1797 Hegel became a private tutor in Frankfurt.
His employer owned a fine library and allowed him time to be with friends. Most importantly, he had time to write.
Hegel’s father died in 1799,leaving a legacy that enabled Hegel to leave tutoring and prepare seriously for an academic career.
In 1801 Hegel also submitted a Latin dissertation on the orbits of the planets and consequently was granted the right to teach in any German university.
He began to give lectures at Jena and eventually became one of the better-known lecturers.
While at Jena the idea of a wholly reconciling philosophy was gestating in Hegel’s mind.
It came to fruition in 1806 as the dense but exciting work Phnomenologie des Geistes (Phenomenology of Spirit),
弗里德里希・黑格尔
黑格尔于1770年8月27日出生于斯图加特,其父亲是一名官员,
也是一位虔诚的教徒。在父亲的强烈要求下,黑格尔1788年加入了路德会宗教研讨会。
当时的黑格尔是一名单纯的学生,他不喜欢学术研究,却喜欢酒吧里欢愉的气氛和乡村小路上的安静舒适。
他喜欢美酒和朋友,也热心讨论时政话题,只是对宗教的刻板要求毫无兴趣。
但是,他学习了两年的哲学。
1797年,黑格尔到法兰克福做了一名私人教师。
雇主家里藏书很多,也给他时间与朋友交谈,更重要的是,他有时间可以写点东西。
黑格尔的父亲1799年去世,他也因此得到了一大笔遗产,这些遗产使黑格尔可以不用再教书,可以专心致志做学问了。
1801年,黑格尔完成了一篇拉丁语的论文,这篇论文讨论了宇宙间各个星体运行的轨道。结果因为这篇论文,黑格尔被邀请可以到德国任何一所大学授课。
他经常到耶拿大学做演讲,成了当地小有名气的演说家。
早在耶拿大学教书的时候,完全调和哲学的思想就在黑格尔的心中具备了雏型,
但直到1806年才完全成熟。那一年,黑格尔发表了《精神现象学》,
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