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【小学六年级英语语法】语法专项训练:动词

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  知识要点

  动词表示人或事物的动作或状态。

  根据其在句中的功能,动词可分为四类,分别是实义动词(指某个具体的静态如:think, love 等或动态如:run, walk 等)、系动词(常用的是be, feel, get, look, taste等)、助动词(常用的是do, does, did等用来构成否定句及疑问句)、情态动词(常用的有can, may, must, shall, should等,情态动词后一定要跟动词原形)。

  1) 动词的基本形式

  绝大多数动词都有五种基本形式:动词原形、一般现在时第三人称单数、现在分词、过去式和过去分词。

  A. 第三人称单数形式的构成

  一般现在时主语是第三人称单数时,谓语动词后要加s或es,其变化规则与名词变复数的方法大体相同:

  1. 一般情况下只在动词后加s,如work-works, write-writes.

  2. 以o,s, x, sh, ch结尾的动词,后加es,如guess-guesses, mix-mixes,

  finish-finishes, catch-catches.

  3. 以辅音字母加y结尾的动词,改y为i加es,如study-studies.

  注:不规则变化的有have-has

  B. 现在分词的构成

  1. 一般情况下在动词后加ing,如study-studying, work-working.

  2. 以不发音的字母e结尾的动词,先去掉e再加ing,如write-writing,

  move-moving.

  3. 以一个元音字母和一个辅音结尾的重读音节结尾的动词,要双写末尾一个辅音字母,再加ing,如get-getting, begin-beginning.

  4. 以ie结尾的名词,一般将ie改为y,再加ing,如lie-lying, die-dying, tie-tying.

  C. 过去式和过去分词的构成

  1. 一般情况直接加ed,如ask-asked, work-worked.

  2. 以不发音的e结尾,只加d,如love-loved, dance-danced.

  3. 以辅音字母加y结尾,把y变为i加ed,如try-tried, study-studied.

  4. 以一个元音字母和一个辅音结尾的重读音节结尾的动词,先双写末尾一个字母,再加ed,如stop-stopped.

  练习:

  I. 用be 动词的适当形式填空

  1. __________ your father a worker﹖ Yes, he __________.

  2.They __________ in the classroom.

  3.Where __________ my books﹖

  4.These ___________her pears.

  5.How much _________the T-shirt?

  6.How much __________ the socks?

  7.Our mother _________forty last year.

  8.You can _________ in our school music club.

  9.Let's ___________friends.

  10.He and I _________friends.

  11.Someone __________ in the room.

  12. There ____ some apples on the table yesterday.

  II.划出每句中正确的词

  1.(Is/Are)his eraser on the sofa?

  2.(Where/What)are your baseball?

  3.(Do/Does)Mary have a clock?

  4.(Are/Do)they want to see a movie?

  5.(Is/Can)she play the violin?

  6.I (don't/ doesn't)like hamburgers.

  7.Why does Alice (likes/like)music?

  8.Who (am/is) your father?

  9.(What/What's) her favorite subject?

  10.How much (are/is) her socks?

  11. I (am, is, was, were) busy last week.

  12. Tom and I (am, are, was, were) late for school yesterday.

  13. I (walk, walks, walked, walking) to school last Saturday.

  14. Rose (does not, did not, ) visit her uncle last month.

  15. There (is, was, are, were) a lot of people over there ten years ago.

  III.写出下列动词的第三人称单数、现在分词和过去式。

  如:look - looks - looking- looked

  drink_________ _________ _________

  go _________ _________ _________

  stay _________ _________ _________

  make _________ _________ _________

  teach_________ _________ _________

  ride _________ _________ _________

  have_________ _________ _________

  pass_________ _________ _________

  carry _________ _________ _________

  come_________ _________ _________

  watch_________ _________ _________

  plant_________ _________ _________

  fly_________ _________ ____________

  study_________ _________ _________

  brush_________ _________ _________

  read_________ _________ _________

  run _________ _________ _________

  write_________ _________ _________

  swim_________ _________ _________

  get_________ _________ __________

  say_________ _________ __________

  take _________ _________ _________

  see_________ _________ __________

  begin_________ _________ _________

  dance_________ _________ _________

  IV.用所给词的正确形式填空。

  1. Let me _______ (help) you find your purse.

  2. Would you like__________(buy) things for New Year's Day?

  3. I like __________( make) kites.

  4. He can________ (skate) better than ME.

  5. You must _______( listen) to your teacher in class.

  6. They enjoy________(play) basketball.

  7. She wants________(watch) cartoons.

  8. It's time for us ________( read) books.

  知识要点

  2). 一般现在时

  一般现在时的用法:

  1.表示事物或人物的特征、状态。如:The sky is blue.天空是蓝色的。

  2.表示经常性或习惯性的动作。如:I get up at six every day.我每天六点起床。

  3.表示客观现实。如:The earth goes around the sun.地球绕着太阳转。

  4. 有时这个时态表示按计划、规定要发生的动作(句中都带有时间状语),但限于少数动词,如:begin, come, leave, go ,arrive, start , stop, return, open, close等。 如:The meeting begins at seven.会议7点开始。

  5.在时间状语从句和条件状语从句中,用一般现在时表示将来。如:

  If you come this afternoon, we'll have a meeting.如果你今天下午来,我们将开会。

  一般现在时的结构:

  1. be动词:主语+be(am ,is, are)+其它。如:I am a boy.我是一个男孩。

  2.行为动词:主语+行为动词(+其它)。如:We study English.我们学习英语。

  当主语为第三人称单数(he, she, it)时,要在动词后加"-s"或"-es"。如:Mary likes Chinese.玛丽喜欢汉语。

  一般现在时常用的时间词:often, usually, sometimes, every day(week, year...)等。

  练习:

  I.用括号内动词的适当形式填空。

  1. He often ________(have) dinner at home.

  2. Daniel and Tommy _______(be) in Class One.

  3. We _______(not watch) TV on Monday.

  4. Nick _______(not go) to the zoo on Sunday.

  5. ______ they ________(like) the World Cup?

  6. What _______they often _______(do) on Saturdays?

  7. _______ your parents _______(read) newspapers every day?

  8. The girl _______(teach) us English on Sundays.

  9. She and I ________(take) a walk together every evening.

  10. There ________(be) some water in the bottle.

  11. Mike _______(like) cooking.

  12. They _______(have) the same hobby.

  13. My aunt _______(look) after her baby carefully.

  14. You always _______(do) your homework well.

  15. I _______(be) ill. I'm staying in bed.

  16. She _______(go) to school from Monday to Friday.

  17. Liu Tao _______(do) not like PE.

  18. The child often _______(watch) TV in the evening.

  19. Su Hai and Su Yang _______(have) eight lessons this term.

  20.-What day _______(be) it today?

  -It's Saturday

  II. 改错(划出错误的地方,将正确的写在横线上)

  1. Is your brother speak English? __________________

  2. Does he likes going fishing? __________________

  3. He likes play games after class. __________________

  4. Mr. Wu teachs us English. __________________

  5. She don't do her homework on Sundays. _________________

  知识要点

  3). 现在进行时

  现在进行时的用法:

  .现在进行时表示现在正在进行或发生的动作,也可表示当前一段时间内的活动或现阶段正在进行的动作。

  现在进行时的结构: be+动词ing.

  现在进行时常见的标志词:now, Look! Listen!

  现在进行时还可以表示将来.如:

  He is flying to Beijing tomorrow.他明天将乘飞机去北京。

  练习:

  I.用所给的动词的正确形式填空:

  1.The boy __________________ ( draw)a picture now.

  2. Listen ! Some girls _______________ ( sing)in the classroom .

  3. My mother _________________ ( cook )some nice food now.

  4. What _____ you ______ ( do ) now?

  5. Look! They _______________( have) an English lesson .

  6.They ____________(not ,water) the flowers now.

  7.Look! the girls ________________(dance )in the classroom .

  8.What is our granddaughter doing? She _________(listen ) to music.

  9. It's 5 o'clock now. We _____________(have)supper now

  10.______Helen____________(wash )clothes? Yes ,she is .

  11.It's ten o'clock. My mother _____(lie)in bed.

  12. What ____he _____(mend)?

  13. We _____(play)games now.

  14.What ____you____(do) these days?

  15. ____he ___(clean) the classroom?

  16. Who____(sing)in the next room?

  17. The girl____(like)wearing a sweater. Look! She ____(wear)a red sweater today.

  II.单项选择

  1.Look! He _____their mother do the housework.

  A. is helping B. are help C. is help D .is helpping

  2 ._____are the boys doing ? They are singing in the room.

  A .Who B .How C. What D.Where

  3. Don't talk here. My mother _____.

  A. is sleeping B .are sleeping C. sleeping D .sleep

  4. Danny ______. Don't call him.

  A. is writeing B .is writing C. writing D .writes

  5.-When_____ he_____ back? - Sorry, I don't know.

  A. does, come B. are ,coming C. is ,come D. is ,coming

  6. The children _____ football.

  A. is playing  B. are playing  C. play the  D. play a

  7. Listen! She____ in the classroom.

  A. is singing B. sing  C .to sing  D. is sing

  8. It's six in the afternoon. The Greens_______ lunch together.

  A. has  B. are having  C. have had D. had had

  9. Some Germans _______(visit) our school.

  A. is visiting B. are visiting C. visit D visiting

  10. I want to know when he _______ for New York tomorrow.

  A. has left  B. is leaving  C. had left  D. has been leaving

  A. is visiting B. are visiting C. visit D visiting

  15.Some Germans _______(visit) our school.

  知识要点

  4). 一般将来时

  一般将来时的用法:表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态及打算、计划或准备做某事。

  一般将来时的基本结构:①be going to + do;②will+ do.

  一般将来时常用的时间词:

  tomorrow, next week (month, year…),soon, the day after tomorrow,in+一段时间等。

  练习:

  I. 填空。

  1.我打算明天和朋友去野炊。

  I_____ _______ _________ have a picnic with my friends.

  I ________ have a picnic with my friends.

  2. 下个星期一你打算去干嘛? 我将去打篮球。

  What ________ ________ _________ _________ _________ next Monday? I _______ ______ _____ play basketball.

  What _________ you do next Monday? I ________ play basketball.

  3.你们打算什么时候见面。

  What time _______ you _________ __________ meet?

  II. 用所给词的适当形式填空。

  1.Today is a sunny day. We___________________ (have) a picnic this afternoon.

  2. My brother _______________ (go) to Shanghai next week.

  3.Tom often______________(go) to school on foot.

  But today is rainy. He ______________ (go) to school by bike.

  4.What do you usually do on weekends? I usually __________ (watch) TV and ____________(catch) insects?

  5.It's Friday today. What _____she_________ (do) this weekend?

  She ______________ (watch) TV and _____________ (catch) insects.

  6. What ________ you______ (do) next Sunday? I ______________ (milk) cows.

  7. Mary ____________ (visit) her grandparents tomorrow.

  8. David ______________ (give) a puppet show next Monday.

  9. I ________________ (plan) for my study now

  知识要点

  5). 一般过去时

  一般过去时的用法:间发生的动作或存在的状态,常和表示过去的时间状语连用。一般过去时也表示过去经常或反复发生的动作或状态。

  1.过去某个时间所发生的动作或存在的状态。e.g. I bought a new shirt yesterday.

  He was a worker two years ago.

  2.过去一段时间内,经常性或习惯性的动作。e.g. When I was a child,I often played with fire. Li Lei always walked to school last term.

  3.谈到已故人的情况时多用过去时。e.g. Lu Xun was a great writer.

  一般现在时常用的时间词:yesterday或由其构成的短语,yesterday morning由"last "构成的短语last year

  由"时间段+ago"构成的短语, e.g. three days ago; 另外在宾语从句中主句为过去时,一般从句也用过去时.

  练习:

  I. 单项选择。

  .1 She lived there before he ____to China.

  A. came B. comes C. come D. coming

  .2 I _____but _____ nothing.

  A . was listened; was hearing B. listened; heard

  C . have listened; heard D. listened; heard of

  .3 When did you ____here?

  A. got to B. reached C. arrive in D. reach

  .4 I ____my homework at 7:00 yesterday evening.

  A.did B. would do C. was doing D. do

  .5 -He went shopping with you yesterday afternoon, didn't he? - _______.

  A. No, he doesn't B. Yes, he didn't C. No, he did D. Yes, he did.

  II. 用所给词的正确形式填空。

  1 They____(be) on the farm a moment ago.

  2 Jenny____(not go)to bed until 11:00 o'clock last night.

  3. I _____(see)Li Lei ____(go) out just now.

  4 He ____(do)his homework every day. But he __(not do)it yesterday.

  5 When I was young, I _____(play)games with my friends.

  6 When ____you_____(write)this book? I _____it last year.

  7 Did he____(have) lunch at home?

  8 I _____(eat) the bread before I went to school.

重点单词   查看全部解释    
violin [.vaiə'lin]

想一想再看

n. 小提琴

 
baseball ['beis.bɔ:l]

想一想再看

n. 棒球

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