四级翻译提高训练第14关

1 自古以来黄颜色就与中国传统文化有着紧密联系。中国的第一个皇帝称为“黄帝”(Yellow Emperor)；中华民族的母亲河为“黄河”；中国人的皮肤为“黄皮肤”。五行学说(the theory of five elements)认为黄颜色位居五行的中央，居于诸色之上，最为贵，黄色也因此被定为皇帝服装的颜色。明清两朝(the Ming and Qing Dynasties)，黄色为皇家专用色彩，是权力的象征。直到现在，黄色仍然是中国人最喜爱的颜色之一。

参考答案：Since the ancient times, the color yellow has a close relationship with the Chinese traditional culture. The first emperor in China was called “Yellow Emperor”；the Mother River of the Chinese nation is the “Yellow River”；the Chinese people have “yellow skin”. According to the theory of five elements, yellow was in the middle of the five elements, coming first of all colors. Therefore, it was viewed as the noblest color, a color for the clothing of emperors. During the Ming and Qing Dynasties, yellow was the exclusive color for the Emperor families, which was a symbol of power. Until now, yellow is still one of the Chinese favorite colors.
系统解析：
1.在第1句中，时间状语“自古以来”可译为since the ancient times，翻译时应根据英语的表达习惯和句子的结构置于句首或句末，也可置于句中，但不常用。
2.第3句包含了多个中文短句，翻译时可把“最为贵，黄色也因此……”拆译为另一个句子，以避免译文过于累赘冗长。“居于诸色之上”可将其处理成伴随状语，用分词短语coming first of all colors来表达。“被定为皇帝服装的颜色”可处理为同位语，译作a color for the clothing of emperors。
3.在倒数第2句中，如果把“黄色为皇家专用色彩，是权力的象征”译为并列结构the color yellow was... and was a...使译文显得平淡，可将“是权力的象征”处理成一个非限制性定语从句which was a symbol of power，这样一来句子主次分明、形式丰富。
4.在最后一句中，“中国人最喜爱的颜色之一”可译为one of the Chinese favorite colors。单词favorite表达了“最喜爱(like best)”之义，故不必在favorite前面再加上最高级形式the most。

2 受经济发展的推动，到国外度假已成为中国人的一种休闲方式。去年，中国出境游客(outbound tourist)已高达8300万人次。中国家庭已经逐渐习惯了去国外度假。父母通常在暑期休年假，以便和孩子一同出游。世界旅游组织(World Tourism Organization)的一份分析报告指出，中国游客是最强大的假日消费群体。他们已经成为海外购物的一支重要力量，创造了巨大的消费价值。

参考答案：Driven by the economic development, going abroad for a holiday has become a way of leisure for the Chinese. China's outbound tourists reached as many as 83 million last year. Chinese families are becoming used to taking vacations abroad. Parents usually take their annual leave in the summer vacation to travel with their children. An analysis report of the World Tourism Organization shows that Chinese tourists are the most powerful holiday consumer group. They have become a significant force in overseas shopping and created a great consumption value.
系统解析：
1.在第1句中，“受经济发展的推动”表原因，可将其处理成原因状语，用分词短语driven by the economic development来表达；主语“到国外度假”可译为going abroad for a holiday或taking vacations aboard，根据主谓一致的原则，谓语动词应用第三人称单数形式。
2.第2句中的“已高达”在汉语中跟名词的搭配比较随意，如“人数高达”、“金额高达”；译为英语时，“高”则需根据名词的单复数情况来选择相应的形容词，如此处搭配的outbound tourists（出境游客）为可数名词复数，故应译为 as many as。“高达 8300 万人次”可译为 reached as many as 83 million。
3.第3句中的“逐渐”强调进行中的状态，可用现在进行时来表达；“习惯”用短语become/be/get used to doing sth.来表达。该句可译为Chinese families are becoming used to taking vacations abroad。
4.在第4句中，“以便和孩子一同出游”表目的，可用不定式短语to travel with their children来表达，作句中的目的状语。
5.在最后一句中，因“力量”前已有修饰词“一支重要（的）”，故“海外购物的”宜处理成介词短语作后置定语，译为a significant force in overseas shopping。

3 在世界的舞台上，中国已经成为了一个不容忽视的经济强国，自中国政府1978年启动改革开放政策以来，中国的经济一直快速发展；过去十年，中国排名提升了四位，成为紧随美国之后世界第二大经济体。现在中国的GDP是全球经济的十分之一。中国政府将采取更有效的措施来促进中国经济的发展。中国已成为最具有发展潜力的经济大国之一。

参考答案：On the world stage, China has become an economic power that cannot be ignored. Since the Chinese government launched the Reform and Opening-up policy in 1978, Chinese economy has been developing rapidly. In the last decade, China has moved up four places and become the world's second largest economy behind the United States. China's GDP now accounts for a tenth of the global economy. The Chinese government will adopt more effective measures to boost Chinese economy. China has become one of the most promising economic giants.
系统解析：
1.第1句中的定语“不容忽视的”处理成后置定语，用定语从句that cannot be ignored来表达。
2.翻译第3句“中国排名提升了……，成为……”时，可译为并列构：China has moved up... and become...。状语“紧随美国之后”译为behind the United States，按照英文表达习惯，置于句末。
3.倒数第2句中的“来促进中国经济的发展”表目的，故将其处理成目的状语，用不定式短语to boost Chinese economy 来表达。
4.最后一句的定语“最具有发展潜力的”，不要一看到“潜力”就马上对译成potential，其实这里可以理解为“最有前途的，前景最好的”，可用the most promising来表达。

4 在中国，孩子的满月酒(One-Month-Old Feast)是其人生中第一个重要仪式。孩子满月那天，家人邀请亲朋好友来一起庆祝。通常孩子穿上狗头帽(dog hat)、虎头鞋，象征着孩子能幸运一生。孩子周岁那天的抓周仪式 (One-Year-Old Catch)也很有特色。家里人会摆上书、笔、墨、纸、钱币、食物、玩具等物品任孩子随意挑选。根据孩子抓的东西来预测孩子可能存在的兴趣爱好和将来从事的职业。

参考答案：In China, the One-Month-Old Feast of a baby is the first significant ceremony in his life. On the day when a baby is one month old, the families of the baby invite their relatives and friends to celebrate the occasion together. Usually, the baby wears a dog hat and tiger shoes, which indicates that the baby will be lucky for the whole life. The ceremony of One-Year-Old Catch on the first birthday of the baby is also of great characteristics. The families of the baby will lay out many things such as books, pens, ink, paper, money, foods, and toys for the baby to choose at will. According to the articles the baby picks up, the families will make some predictions about his potential interests and future career.
系统解析：
1.在第2句中，状语“孩子满月那天”中的“孩子满月”可处理为定语从句，整个状语表达为On the day when a baby is one month old；主语“家人”指的是“孩子的家人”，故应采取增译法，将其译为the families of the baby；“一起庆祝”的后面省略了“（孩子）满月”，故翻译时也要增译，但这里不必拖沓啰嗦地译成to celebrate that the baby is one month old，直接表达为celebrate the occasion 更简洁明了。
2.第3句中的“象征着孩子能幸运一生”可处理成非限制性定语从句which symbolizes/indicates that the baby will be lucky for the whole life，或处理成分词短语symbolizing/indicating the baby's being lucky for the whole life，作句中的伴随状语。
3.第4句中的定语“孩子周岁那天的”可处理为后置的介词短语on the first birthday of the baby，修饰中心词“抓周仪式”。
4.倒数第2句中的“摆上书、笔、墨、纸、钱币、食物、玩具等物品”，如果直译为lay out books...，toys and other things会使译文显得冗长，宜用中心词“物品”作宾语，具体物品名称则作补充说明，译为lay out many things such as books, ..., and toys，使表达更为清晰顺畅。
5.最后一句“根据……预测……”是一个无主语句，但根据上下文可知，此处“预测”的施动者是孩子的家人，故翻译时应增译主语the families。“根据……东西”可套用短语According to...来表达；其中“东西”的定语“孩子抓的”可后置，用定语从句picks up来表达。“兴趣爱好”的定语“孩子可能存在的”可译为 the baby's potential，因前半句已有baby一词，为避免重复，the baby's可用物主代词his来代替。

5 中国经济发展的规模和速度令人瞩目。然而，中国仍面临着巨大的挑战。官方数据显示，中国今年的物价跟去年相比上涨了6.4%。除了物价上涨导致的问题，经济结构上的问题也有待解决。随着中国社会的发展和人们生活方式(lifestyle)的改变，转变经济模式的需求开始显现。这将要求去发展新兴产业，特别是服务业。现在中国领导人已开始着手解决这些问题了。

参考答案：The scale and pace of China's economic development has been remarkable. But China still faces significant challenges. Official figures showed that prices this year have risen by 6.4 percent compared with those of last year. In addition to the problems caused by rising prices, issues on economic structure should be addressed as well. As China develops and its people change their lifestyles, there appears the need to shift its economic model. This will require the development of new industries, particularly the service industry. Now China's leaders are starting to deal with these issues.
系统解析：
1.第1句中的定语“中国经济发展的”较长，可将其处理成后置定语，译为介词短语of China's economic development，用于修饰中心词“规模和速度”；“……令人瞩目”宜用现在完成时表动作对现在造成的影响，使译文更贴切。
2.在第3句中，“今年的物价”跟“去年（的物价）”相比，可用compared with来表比较；“上涨了……”可用rise by表示，如果要表达“上涨到……”则要用rise to来表示。
3.在第4句中，“除了……问题”可用in addition to来表达；“问题”这个表述重复出现，可分别用problem和issue来表示；“有待解决”是不带被动标示词的表被动的短语，翻译时宜使用被动语态。
4.第5句句首的“随着中国社会的发展和人们生活方式的改变”可译为With the development of Chinese society and the change of people's lifestyles，但译文显得繁冗，不如译为As China develops and its people change their lifestyles来得简洁及逻辑性强。“需求开始显现”直译成the need becomes apparent较为生硬，可套用there appear存现句型，将“需求”转换成宾语，其定语“转变经济模式的”相应转换为目的状语，译作to shift its economic model。