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The Enlightenment（启蒙运动）and the romantic movement of modern European culture stimulated interest in myth（神话）, both through theories about myth and through new academic disciplines. Although the Enlightenment emphasized the rationality of human beings，it directed attention to all human expressions, including religion and mythology. Enlightenment scholars tried to make sense of the seemingly irrational and fantastic mythic stories. Their explanations included historical evolutionary theories that human culture evolved from an early state of ignorance and irrationality to the modern culture of rationality with myths seen as products of the early ages of ignorance and irrationality. Myths were also thought to result from euhemerism. that is, the divinizing（神化）of the heroic virtues of a human being. More important than any one theory of mythology, however, was the development of systematic disciplines devoted to the study of mythology. In new fields such as social and cultural anthropology and the history of religions, scholars were forced to come to terms with myths from earlier historical periods outside the Western tradition, and they began to relate the study of myth to a broader understanding of culture and history.
The romantic movement turned to the older Indo-European myths as intellectual and cultural resources. Romantic scholars tended to view myth as an irreducible（无法恢复的） form of human expression. For them, myth, as a mode of thinking and perception, possessed prestige equal to or sometimes greater than the rational grasp of reality.
Myth had always been part of classical and theological studies in the West, but during and after the Enlightenment, the concern for myth, revived with new intensity, could be detected in almost all the newer university disciplines — anthropology? history, psychology, history of religions? political science, structural linguistics. Most current theories of myth emerged from one or more of these disciplines.
1
In the first sentence, the word "discipline" is closest in meaning to the word _____.
A.
subject
B.
rule
C.
study
D.
research
本题答案：
A
B
C
D
参考答案：
A
系统解析：
词汇题。discipline是“学科”的意思，因此A项为正确答案。
2
Which of the following is characteristic of the Enlightenment?
A.
Attention to all human expression.
B.
Rational thinking.
C.
Systematic study of human culture.
D.
Broad understanding of culture and history.
本题答案：
A
B
C
D
参考答案：
B
系统解析：
细节题。第一段第二句“Although the Enlightenment emphasized the rationality of human beings...”告诉我们“启蒙运动”强调的是人的理性，因此B项是正确答案。
3
According to historical evolutionary theory,_.
A.
myths reflect an age of ignorance and irrationality
B.
myths are irreducible form of human expression
C.
myths possess prestige equal to the rational grasp of reality
D.
myths are based on stories though seemingly irrational
本题答案：
A
B
C
D
参考答案：
A
系统解析：
细节题。根据第一段第四句“Their explanation included historical evolutionary theories...— with myths seen as products of the early ages of ignorance and irrationality. ”历史进化论认为人类文明是从早期的蒙昧和非理性逐步进化到现代文明与理性的，因此他们把神话也看作是远古时代蒙昧与非理性的产物。
4
When scholars began to study myths from other cultures，______.
A.
they found myths were rational stories
B.
they got a better understanding of myths
C.
they found they were better than Western myths
D.
they began to understand human culture and history
本题答案：
A
B
C
D
参考答案：
B
系统解析：
细节题。选项B表达的内容与第一段最后一句“In new fields such as social and cultural... and they began to relate the study of myth to a boarder understanding of culture and history.”相符，所以是正确答案。
5
Before the Enlightenment, the study of myths was closely related with______.
A.
anthropology
B.
psychology
C.
mythology
D.
theology
本题答案：
A
B
C
D
参考答案：
D
系统解析：
细节题。第三段第一句“Myth had always been part of classical and theological studies in the West, but during and after the Enlightenment, the concern revived with new intensity.”说明：在“启蒙运动”以前，神话在西方是古希腊和古罗马文化研究与基督教神学（theology）研究的内容。
A few years ago it was fashionable to speak of a generation gap, a division between young people and their elders. Parents complained that children did not show them proper respect and obedience, while children complained that their parents did not understand them at all. What had gone wrong? Why had the generation gap suddenly appeared? Actually, the generation gap has been around for a long time. Many critics argue that it is built into the fabric of our society.
One important cause of the generation gap is the opportunity that young people have to choose their own life style. In more traditional societies, when children grow up, they are expected to live in the same area as their parents, to marry people that their parents know and approve of, and often to continue the family occupation. In our society, young people often travel great distances for their educations, move out of the family home at an early age, marry or live with people whom their parents have never met, and choose occupations different from those of their parents.
In our upwardly mobile society, parents often expect their children to do better than they did: to find better jobs，to make more money, and to do all the things that they were unable to do. Often, however, the ambitions that parents have for their children are another cause of the division between them. Often, they discover that they have very little in common with each other.
Finally, the speed at which changes take place in our society is another cause of the gap between the generations. In a traditional culture，elderly people are valued for their wisdom, but in our society the knowledge of a lifetime may become obsolete（过时的）overnight. The young and the old seem to live in two very different worlds, separated by different skills and abilities.
No doubt, the generation gap will continue to be a feature of American life for some time to come. Its causes are rooted in the freedoms and opportunities of our society, and in the rapid pace at which society changes.
6
The main idea of the first paragraph is that _____.
A.
the generation gap suddenly appeared
B.
the generation gap is a feature of American life
C.
how people can reduce the generation gap
D.
many critics argue over the nature of the generation gap
本题答案：
A
B
C
D
参考答案：
B
系统解析：
推断题。考查的是对第一段内容的把握。选项A说代沟是突然出现的，这是不正确的，文中提到代沟存在已久；选项B说代沟是美国人生活的特点之一，根据第一段最后一句，许多评论家认为代沟已根植于美国社会结构中，选项B的说法是正确的；选项C和D文中没有提到。
7
The word "around"（Line 5，Para. 1) means_____.
A.
on all sides
B.
in every direction
C.
near
D.
in existence
本题答案：
A
B
C
D
参考答案：
D
系统解析：
细节题。第一段里这句的意思是代沟存在已久，所以around在这里的意思应该是选项D“存在”。
8
Which one is NOT the cause of the generation gap?
A.
Young people like to choose their own life styles.
B.
American society is changing very fast.
C.
Parents place high hopes on their children.
D.
Modern education makes them think differently.
本题答案：
A
B
C
D
参考答案：
D
系统解析：
细节题。第三、第四段分别叙述了导致代沟的三个原因，选项D不是原因之一。
9
In American society，young people often_____.
A.
rely on their parents to make a life
B.
stay with their parents in order to get an opportunity for higher education
C.
seek the best advice from their parents
D.
have very little in common with their parents
本题答案：
A
B
C
D
参考答案：
D
系统解析：
细节题。选项A和选项B与第二段后半部分内容不符；选项C说年轻人应从父母那儿得到好的建议，但因代沟的存在，他们很少这样做；选项D说年轻人和父母只有很少的共同点，这是导致代沟的一个重要的因素。
10
Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the passage?
A.
Parents should be more tolerable towards their children.
B.
The younger generation should value the older generation for their wisdom.
C.
The generation gap is partly created by the elder generation.
D.
The generation gap should be avoidable in American society.
本题答案：
A
B
C
D
参考答案：
C
系统解析：
推断题。根据文章来看，选项C是导致代沟的三个因素之一。
When your parents advise you to "get an education" in order to raise your income, they tell you only half the truth. What they really mean is to got just enough education to provide manpower for your society, but not so much that you prove an embarrassment to your society.
Get a high school diploma, at least. Without that, you will be occupationally dead unless your name happens to be George Bernard Shaw or Thomas Alva Edison, and you can successfully dropout in grade school.
Get a college degree, if possible. With a B. A., you are on the launching pad. But now you have to start to put on the brakes. If you go for a master's degree, make sure it is an MBA.
Do you know, for msiance, that long-haul truck drivers earn more per year than full professors? Yes, the average 1977 salary for those truckers was ﹩24,000, while the full professors managed to earn just ﹩23,030.
A Ph. D. is the highest degree you can get. Except for a few specialized fields such as physics or chemistry where the degree can quickly be turned to industrial or commercial purposes, if you pursue such a degree in any other field, you will face a dim future. There are more Ph. D.s unemployed m underemployed in this country than any other part of the world.
If you become a doctor of philosophy in English or history or anthropology or political science or languages or — worst of all — in philosophy, you run the risk of becoming overeducated for our national demands. Not for our needs，mind you, but for our demands.
Thousands of Ph.D. s are selling shoes，driving cars，waiting on table，and endlessly filling out applications month after month. They may also take a job in some high school or backwater college that pays much less than the janitor earns.
You can equate the level of income with the level of education only so far. Far enough, that is，to make you useful to the gross national product, but not so far that nobody can turn much of a profit on you.
11
According to the writer, what the society expects of education is to turn out people who _____.
A.
will not be a disgrace to society
B.
will become loyal citizens
C.
can take care of themselves
D.
can meet the nation's demands as a source of manpower
本题答案：
A
B
C
D
参考答案：
D
系统解析：
细节题。根据文章第一段第二句可以推断本题正确答案是D项。
12
Many Ph. D. s are out of job because_____.
A.
they are improperly educated
B.
they are of little commercial value to their society
C.
there are fewer jobs in high schools
D.
they prefer easier jobs that make more money
本题答案：
A
B
C
D
参考答案：
B
系统解析：
细节题。第五段到第七段论述了有些博士生找不到工作的原因。
13
The nation is only interested in people_____.
A.
with diplomas
B.
who specialize in physics and chemistry
C.
who are valuable to the gross national product
D.
both A and C
本题答案：
A
B
C
D
参考答案：
C
系统解析：
推理题。文章最后一段讲到对国民生产总值有贡献就足够了，否则即使学历高也不会有人认为你对社会有价值，所以正确答案是C项。
14
Which of the following is NOT true?
A.
Bernard Shaw didn't finish high schools, nor did Edison.
B.
One must think carefully before pursuing a master degree.
C.
The higher your education level, the more money you will earn.
D.
If you are too well-educated? you'll be overeducated for society's demands.
本题答案：
A
B
C
D
参考答案：
C
系统解析：
细节题。第二、第三、第六段分别说明选项A、B和D是正确的，根据第四段内容，选项C不正确。
15
The writer sees education as_____.
A.
a means of providing job security and financial security and a means of meeting a country's demands for technical workers
B.
a way to broaden one's horizons
C.
more important than finding a job
D.
an opportunity that everyone should have
本题答案：
A
B
C
D
参考答案：
A
系统解析：
推断题。选项B在文中没有提到；选项C的观点是作者不赞成的；选项D并不是本文的主要分析点；选项A恰当地说明了作者对教育的看法。
At school our children are taught to add up and subtract but, extraordinarily, are not shown how to open a bank account-let alone how to manage their finances in an increasingly complex and demanding world.
Today the parenting website Mumsnet and the consumer campaigner Martin Lewis have joined forces to launch an online petition (请愿)to make financial education a compulsory element of the school curriculum in England. Children from 5 to 16 should be taught about everything from pocket money to pensions, they say.
And that was exactly the plan enshrined (铭记)in the Children, Schools and Families Bill that was shelved by the government in the so-called "wash-up" earlier this month-the rush to legislation before parliament was dissolved.
Consumer and parent groups believe financial education has always been one of the most confusing omissions of the curriculum. As the Personal Finance Education Group (PFEG) points out, the good habits of young children do not last long. PFEG predicts that these young people will "find it much harder to avoid the serious pitfalls that have befallen many of their parents' generation unless they receive good quality financial education while at school. "
The UK has been in the grip of the worst financial recession for generations. It does seem odd that-unless parents step in-young people are left in the dark until they are cruelly introduced to the world of debt when they turn up at university. Chris Tapp, from money education charity Credit Action, puts it succinctly (言简意赅地)："It，s like we've been sending out people to drive without first giving them instruction一and then being shocked when they crash. It，s a no-brainer. Everybody needs to manage money and use financial products wisely and I wholeheartedly support this call to the next government-whatever colour it may be-to ensure that giving every child the opportunity to learn about finance is of the utmost priority after the election. "
In a recent poll of over 8 000 people, 97% supported financial education in schools, while 3% said it was a job for parents. I am in favor of the majority. And what do you think-is it up to parents to encourage good habits or should financial education be entrusted to schools?
16
From the first paragraph, we can draw the conclusion that_____.
A.
children at school don，t focus their attention upon studies
B.
children at school don't do well in their mathematics
C.
children at school don，t get their financial education
D.
children at school can't adjust to the complex and demanding world
本题答案：
A
B
C
D
参考答案：
C
系统解析：
由题干中的the first paragraph定位到第一段。推理判断题。由定位段可知，学校里的学生们虽然学习了加法和减法，但是没有学过如何开设银行账户，更不知道在日益复杂和高要求的世界里如何管理自己的财务，故正确答案为C）
17
According to Martin Lewis, we can infer that_____.
A.
financial education should be carried out in every country
B.
it is essential to teach students money management
C.
children should save their pocket money to pay for their tuition fees
D.
it is effective for consumer campaigners to launch an online petition
本题答案：
A
B
C
D
参考答案：
B
系统解析：
由题干中的Martin Lewis定位到第二段第一句。推理判断题。由定位句可知，Martin Lewis已经和育儿教育网站联手发出一封解析网上请愿书，希望让金融教育成为英国学校课程里的必修内容，由此可推断，Martin Lewis认为学生们必须学习金融知识，故正确答案为B)。
18
According to the Personal Finance Education Group, _____.
A.
children ought to receive excellent financial education at school
B.
consumers and parents file complaints with education authorities
C.
parents should be to blame for spoiling their children
D.
young children can not form the good habits
本题答案：
A
B
C
D
参考答案：
A
系统解析：
由题干中的the Personal Finance Education Group定位到第四段后两句。推理判断题。由定位句可知，个人理财教育集团阐述了不对学生进行良好的金融教育会造成严重的后果，由此可推断,该集团认为学生应当接受良好的金融教育,故正确答案为A)。
19
What is Chris Tapp's purpose of referring to drive crash?
A.
To stress the importance of financial education.
B.
To tell us how terrible the traffic in the UK is.
C.
To tell us the importance of financial ideas for a country.
D.
To explain what an important role the government plays.
本题答案：
A
B
C
D
参考答案：
A
系统解析：
由题干中的Chris Tapp和drive crash定位到第五段第三至五句。细节辨认题。由定位句可知,Chris Tapp将不对学生进行金融教育而让其步入社会与不对人进行指导而让其驾车作对比，并指出每个人都需要明智地理财和使用金融产品，他衷心呼吁下一任政府确保让每一个孩子都有了解金融的机会，故正确答案为A)。
20
What's the author's attitude towards financial education?
A.
Neutral.
B.
Doubted.
C.
Supportive.
D.
Indifferent.
本题答案：
A
B
C
D
参考答案：
C
系统解析：
由题干中的the author's attitude和financial education定位到第六段第一、二句。观点态度题。由定位句可知,在一个超过8000人的民意调查中，97%的人支持在学校进行金融教育,而3%的人说这是家长的工作。而作者支持绝大多数人，也就是前者，故正确答案为C)。
On the day the Daily Express announces:"The secret to why humans grow old has been discovered by scientists in Britain, paving the way towards radical new treatments for age-related diseases." We know there's a growing demand for higher education from older learners: the most recent Universities and Colleges Admissions Service figures showed a 63.4% increase in the number of mature applicants for undergraduate courses. Of course, it's the baby boomers. Now hitting old age, they are determined to enjoy the pleasures maturity has to offer.
The report coming from Universities UK, talks of unlocking mental capital, promoting wellbeing and preparing people for the "probable two decades" they'll have after retiring. Learning is a popular leisure pursuit for those who have escaped the office, though heaven knows it，s tough to find a college still offering adult education classes these days.
Chief executive of Universities UK, Nicola Dandridge, says the idea that people stop making a useful contribution to society when they reach the age of 60 is outdated. "We are facing a situation where older people are living longer and healthier lives and have, as a consequence, a huge amount to contribute. Universities have a significant part to play in developing that contribution，" she says.
But hang about. Aren't universities in the grip of a funding crisis? There are some who might argue that the baby-boomers have had their chance-they've been to university and they didn't even have to pay for it. David Willetts, the Tories' resident egghead certainly thinks baby boomers can be held responsible for nicking their kids' future. "Of course, proposals to support older people into universities must be considered in light of the current funding climate facing the sector," says Dandridge.
She has a point. We recall the remarkable Bernard Herzberg, a refugee from Nazi Germany, who died in 2007 while putting the final touches to his second MA degree. He became the world's oldest graduate at age 90 when he completed a BA degree in German literature at London University in 2000.
21
From the Daily Express' announcement, we can see that_____.
A.
the whole text is mainly about why humans grow old
B.
the discovery promotes a brand-new way to cure age-related diseases
C.
it is a tendency to apply for some continuing education
D.
scientists have found an effective way to treat various diseases
本题答案：
A
B
C
D
参考答案：
B
系统解析：
由题干中的the Daily Express' announcement定位到第一段第一句。细节辨认题。由定位句可知，英国科学家已发现人类为何衰老的秘密，这一发现为治愈与年龄相关的疾病铺平了道路，故正确答案为B)。
22
What does Nicola Dandridge think of the idea of fewer contributions of older people?
A.
Correct.
B.
Practical.
C.
Constructive.
D.
Out-of-date.
本题答案：
A
B
C
D
参考答案：
D
系统解析：
由题干中的Nicola Dandridge和fewer contributions of older people定位到第三段第一句。观点态度题。由定位句可知，Nicola Dandridge认为，人们到了60岁就不能为社会作贡献的想法已经过时,故正确答案为D)。
23
What is the implication of David Willetts' words?
A.
Governments should provide all expenses for older people's education.
B.
He doesn't support older people in entering universities for lifelong education.
C.
Baby boomers will destroy their children's future.
D.
Most universities have a serious funding crisis.
本题答案：
A
B
C
D
参考答案：
B
系统解析：
由题干中的David Willetts' words定位到第四段第四句。推理判断题。由定位句可知，David Willetts当然认为婴儿潮一代人应该为损害他们孩子的未来承担责任，由此可知他对老年人接受终身教育持否定态度，故正确答案为B)。
24
The example of Bernard Herzberg is to tell us that _____.
A.
good conditions can be provided for the old by universities nowadays
B.
how great and difficult Bernard Herzberg is to achieve higher education
C.
Nazi Germany should take responsibilities for refugees at the time
D.
universities can provide priorities for older people for continuing education
本题答案：
A
B
C
D
参考答案：
A
系统解析：
由题干中的Bernard Herzberg定位到最后一段。细节辨认题。由定位句可知，文章以Bernard Herzberg经历过如此艰难的岁月都不懈地完成了继续教育为例，指出现在大学可以为老年人提供条件，故正确答案为A)。
25
The main point of the passage is that_____.
A.
the baby boomers are coming to campuses at an advanced age
B.
universities should provide more chances for the baby boomers
C.
scientists have found the secret why humans grow old
D.
there is a trend towards carrying out lifelong education all over the world
本题答案：
A
B
C
D
参考答案：
A
系统解析：
由题干中的The main point of the passage定位到整篇文章。主旨大意题。本文的核心就是婴儿潮一代人，本文指出婴儿潮一代人把继续教育看作是他们退休后的一种休闲方式,故正确答案为A)。
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