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成人英语三级
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As any middle-class parent knows, unpaid work experience can give youngsters a valuable introduction to a secure job. The government has recognized it too, abandoning rules in 2011 that had formerly stopped 16 to 24-year-olds from doing unpaid work while claiming unemployment benefit. But moving from that to forcing them to work without pay in order to collect these benefits has proved a big step.
(79) More than one million young people in Britain are unemployed, the highest number since the mid-1980s. Keen both to cut the welfare bill and to avoid the depressed future wages that may result from early unemployment, the government has introduced an ambitious program of reform to get youngsters off welfare and into work. A key part of it is ensuring that no one gets benefit from the government for long; ministers are keen to avoid what happened after the early-1980s recession (衰退), when unemployment continued in some parts of the country for a long time after the economy began to improve.
To help young people into work, ministers had persuaded lots of employers, including bakery chains, bookshops and supermarkets, to take on unemployed youths, who receive work experience but no pay, with the prospect of a proper job for those who shine. (80) Some 35,000 youngsters participated last year; half found paid work soon after finishing the scheme.
The idea of getting young adults used to showing up for work is popular with voters : according to a survey published in February, about 60% of people support the program. Equally attractive was the option of compelling them to work: Under the existing arrangements youngsters could choose whether or not to accept a place, but if they dropped out after the end of the first week, they stood to lose up to two weeks' benefits.
Yet the scheme has also polarized(两极分化的)opinion: a third of people are consistently opposed. Following a noisy "Right to Work" campaign that accused employers of co-operating secretly with the government in "forced labor", several firms dropped out of the program. To prevent this from getting worse, Chris Grayling, an employment minister, admitted that young people could leave their work experience at any time without being punished for doing so. This not only halted the flight of employers (for now, at least) but also enabled him to announce that new firms have agreed to take part in the program.
1
According to the passage, young people in Britain _____ .
A.
are used to showing up for work
B.
value unpaid work very much
C.
are always opposed to unpaid work
D.
could learn something about job security through unpaid work
本题答案：
A
B
C
D
参考答案：
D
系统解析：
文章第一句“...unpaid work experience can give youngsters a valuable introduction to a secure job.”。句意理解。根据文章第一句可知，年轻人要获得一份稳定的工作，无报酬的工作经验能给年轻人有益的引导。D 项意思符合，故选 D。
2
According to the passage, which of the following is NOT TRUE?
A.
Most voters support the government's effort to help young people to work.
B.
Some people protest against the government's attempt to force young people to work.
C.
There are more than one million young people who took part in the program.
D.
There are more than one million young people who are jobless.
本题答案：
A
B
C
D
参考答案：
C
系统解析：
文章第二段的第一句“More than one million young people in Britain are unemployed, the highest number since the mid-1980s. ”和第三段的最后一句“Some 35，000 youngsters participated last year...”。细节题。根据文章第二段第一句可知：现在英国有超过 100 万的年轻人失业，这是从 20 世纪 80 年代中期以来的最高值。另外第三段的最后一句，提到去年大约 35，000 年轻人参加了此活动。故选 C。
3
According to the author, the British government is trying to_.
A.
punish young people if they are not cooperating with it
B.
reform the unemployed youngsters
C.
avoid the economic slowdown
D.
reduce welfare spending
本题答案：
A
B
C
D
参考答案：
D
系统解析：
文章第二段第二句“Keen both to cut the welfare bill and to avoid the depressed future wages...”。推理题。根据文章第二段的第二句，意为政府既想削减福利开支，同时又想避免年轻人因早期失业而导致将来收人减少……，故只有 D 项符合。
4
The word "shine" in Paragraph 3 means "_____".
A.
do well
B.
reflect light
C.
look happy
D.
produce light
本题答案：
A
B
C
D
参考答案：
A
系统解析：
文章第三段第一句“ ...who receive work experience but no pay, with the prospect of a proper job for those who shine.”。单词释义。根据文章第三段第一句，可以猜测他们工作但没有报酬，不过做得好就可以得到合适的工作。故选 A。
5
Which of the following is an appropriate title for this passage?
A.
Enjoy Work Without Pay
B.
Can Work, Won' t Work
C.
Should Work, Shouldn't Play
D.
Hate Work or Love Work
本题答案：
A
B
C
D
参考答案：
A
系统解析：
主旨题。根据文章内容可知，文章主要介绍失业的年轻人通过先参加无报酬的工作获取经验，而后得到稳定的有报酬的工作机会，大部分选民的支持，政府也出台了改革方案。B、C、D 均不符合文章的主要目的。故选 A。
It seems like every day there's some new research about whether our favorite drinks are good for us. (76) One day, science says a glass of red wine a day will help us live longer. The next day, maybe not. It seems journalists are pretty interested in wine research and the same might be said for coffee. Now there's been a lot of research into whether coffee's good for our health, "the results have really been mixed," admits Neal Freedman who led the coffee study and published his findings in a medical journal recently. "There's been some evidence that coffee might increase the risk of certain diseases and there's also been maybe more recent evidence that coffee may protect against other diseases as well."
Freedman and his colleagues undertook the biggest study yet to look at the relationship between coffee and health. They analyzed data collected from more than 400,000 Americans ages 50 to 71 participating in the study. "We found that the coffee drinkers had a modestly lower risk of death than the non-drinkers," he said. Here's what he means by "modestly" : those who drank at least two or three cups a day were about 10 percent or 15 percent less likely to die for any reason during the 13 years of the study. When the researchers looked at specific causes of death, coffee drinking appeared to cut the risk of dying from heart disease, lung disease, injuries, accidents and infections.
Now, Freedman stressed that the study doesn't prove coffee can make people live longer. A study like this can never prove a cause-and-effect relationship. (77) All it can really do is to point researchers in the right direction for further investigation. And even if it turns out that coffee is really good for you, scientists have no idea why.
6
According to the first paragraph, reporters would like to know the research findings of _____ .
A.
tea
B.
beer
C.
alcohol
D.
coffee
本题答案：
A
B
C
D
参考答案：
D
系统解析：
第一段的第四句“It seems journalists are pretty interested in wine research and the same might be said for coffee.”。细节题。根据第一段第四句可知新闻工作者们对酒（wine）和咖啡（coffee）的研究都十分感兴趣，选项中只有 coffee，故选 D。
7
According to the passage, which of the following is TRUE?
A.
Freedman and his colleagues hired 400,000 Americans to collect data.
B.
About four hundred thousand Americans worked for Freedman's team full time for 13 years.
C.
People who took part in Freedman's research are about 50 to 70 years old.
D.
People who are 50 to 70 years old seldom drink coffee.
本题答案：
A
B
C
D
参考答案：
C
系统解析：
第二段的第二句“They analyzed data collected from more than 400,000 Americans ages 50 to 71 participating in the study.”。细节题。根据第二段第二句他们分析了来自参与该研究的年龄在 50 岁到 71 岁之间的 40 万多名美国人的数据，可知 C 正确。弗里德曼做研究的时候并不是雇用了这些 人，所以 A 和 B 的说法都不对。在这些参与者中，有的喝咖啡，有的不喝咖啡，D 错。故选 C。
8
According to the author, scientists _____ .
A.
have already proved that coffee is good for human health
B.
have a long way to go before they find a way to study coffee
C.
have avoided the cause-and-effect approach to study coffee
D.
are still unable to figure out why coffee is good for us
本题答案：
A
B
C
D
参考答案：
D
系统解析：
第三段的最后一句“And even if it turns out that coffee is really good for you, scientists have no idea why.”。细节题。根据第三段最后一句可知，科学家们对咖啡有益于人体的原因还没有弄清楚，故 D 正确。根据第三段的第二句可以知道科学家们并不是一开始就 have avoided the cause-and-effect approach to study coffee，排除 C。故选 D。
9
The word "mixed" in the first paragraph means"_____"
A.
both good and bad
B.
put together
C.
both sharp and soft
D.
confused
本题答案：
A
B
C
D
参考答案：
A
系统解析：
由题干定位到第一段的最后一句“There's been some evidence that coffee might increase the risk of certain diseases and there's also been maybe more recent evidence that coffee may protect against other diseases as well.”。词汇解释题。根据第一段的最后一句可知，研究证据显示了两种不同结论：咖啡会增加人患某些疾病的风险，同时咖啡又能预防另一些疾病。所以前面这句应该是说研究的结果不明确，很复杂，故选 A。
10
Which of the following is an appropriate title for this passage?
A.
Can Beer Help You Live Longer?
B.
Can Coffee Help You Live Longer?
C.
Can Wine Help You Live Longer?
D.
Can Tea Help You Live Longer?
本题答案：
A
B
C
D
参考答案：
B
系统解析：
主旨题。文章虽然在第一段提到了 wine，但是后面一直都在谈论弗里德曼对咖啡和人体健康的关系的研究。故选 B。
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