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People have been holding heated discussions recently about women's experience in the workplace. Last month Sheryl Sandberg, chief operating officer at Face-book, published "Lean In", a __1__ declaration on why women have not __2__ to the most senior positions at companies. She concludes that it is partly women's own __3__: they do not "lean in" and ask for promotions, __4__ at meetings and insist on taking a seat at the table. Another new book will not have the same impact as "Lean In" but it offers some interesting new __5__ on how women are coping at work, and what is holding them __6__.
Some of it is down to simple miscommunication. Barbara Annis and John Gray argue in "Work With Me" that men and women are biologically wired to think and react __7__ to situations, and have "gender blind spots" when it comes to understanding their coworkers' behavior. Ms Annis, who leads workshops on gender for big companies and governments, and Mr. Gray, author of "Men are from Mars, Women are from Venus", have __8__ to produce an easy-to-read guide to work place communications. Women ask more questions, __9__ more peopled opinions and seek collaboration with coworkers more frequently than men. Men view these preferences as __10__ of weakness, and women, in turn, grow __11__ by how competitively men work, and how quickly they arrive __12__ conclusions by themselves.
__13__ both female and male employees became more "gender __14__" about how their work and behavioral preferences are hard-wired, it would contribute to a more harmonious workforce. Women have been choosing to leave companies at twice the __15__ of men, and more than half the women whom the authors met in workshops were considering leaving their __16__. Women often tell their bosses that they are __17__ for personal reasons, but the majority actually leave because they feel __18__ teams and not valued for their contributions. Yet the __19__ is that women often have trouble communicating with other women at work as well, __20__ the authors do not explain in quite as much detail why this is so.
1
A.
controversial
B.
perplexing
C.
distracting
D.
ambiguous
本题答案:
A
B
C
D
参考答案:
A
系统解析:
上句指出女性的职场工作经验引发了人们的热议(heated discussions),空格所在句子表明《向前一步》一书这是一部怎样的宣言(declaration)。此句与上句之间没有转折连词,可知空格所在部分表示的意思和上文一致。A 项 controversial“有争议的”与 heated discussion 对应,是正确答案。
2
A.
descended
B.
promoted
C.
ascended
D.
improved
本题答案:
A
B
C
D
参考答案:
C
系统解析:
此空格需填入谓语动词,其宾语是“最高级职位”(the most senior positions)。下一句总结(concludes)本句,说明女性 do not “lean in” and ask for promotions。因此应指职位晋升, C 项 ascended 指“(地位等的)提高”,符合语义及搭配。
3
A.
fault
B.
will
C.
trouble
D.
duty
本题答案:
A
B
C
D
参考答案:
A
系统解析:
本句冒号后的内容是对前半句的解释:她们没有“向前一步”,不要求晋升。A 项 fault “过错”,总结了冒号后的原因。
4
A.
dress up
B.
show up
C.
pipe up
D.
shut up
本题答案:
A
B
C
D
参考答案:
C
系统解析:
此句的主语是 they,谓语部分的助动词是 do not,状语为 at meetings。C 项 pipe up 指“大声说话”,在这里指在女性不在会议上发言,符合语境。
5
A.
concepts
B.
theories
C.
effects
D.
perspectives
本题答案:
A
B
C
D
参考答案:
D
系统解析:
此空格需填入名词作宾语,其补足语是 how women are coping at work。该书的作者就这个问题提出了自己的看法,D 项 perspectives“视角,观点”正确。
6
A.
back
B.
out
C.
on
D.
off
本题答案:
A
B
C
D
参考答案:
A
系统解析:
本段提到女性没有“向前一步”,不要求晋升,也不坚持自己在公司里拥有一席之地等,因此空格应填入与这些问题相对应的词。A 项 hold back 表示“抑制;阻挡”,意为“是什么绊住了女性”,与 lead in 意义相反,符合语义逻辑。
7
A.
broadly
B.
differently
C.
identically
D.
partly
本题答案:
A
B
C
D
参考答案:
B
系统解析:
这里需要填入一个副词来修饰男性和女性对不同情况的思考反应。根据上文提到 biologically(天生)与下文的 gender blind spots(性别盲点) 可推断出,男人和女人对不同情况的思考和反应不相同。B 项 differently“不同地”符合语义逻辑。
8
A.
constructed
B.
correlated
C.
coordinated
D.
collaborate
本题答案:
A
B
C
D
参考答案:
D
系统解析:
本句主语为 Ms Annis 和 Mr. Gray,其宾语为 an easy-to-read guide(一本通俗易懂的指南)。D 项 collaborated 意为“(尤指在文艺、科学等方面)合作;合著;协作”,符合语义逻辑。
9
A.
revise
B.
respect
C.
support
D.
gather
本题答案:
A
B
C
D
参考答案:
D
系统解析:
空格需要填入能与前后并列、与沟通有关,且能与 opinions 搭配的谓语动词,故选 D 项 gather“收集”,表示女性会收集更多人的意见。
10
A.
signals
B.
stimuli
C.
signs
D.
messages
本题答案:
A
B
C
D
参考答案:
C
系统解析:
本句说明男性把这些偏好看作是弱点(weakness),该词为抽象名词,而女性的这些特点是具体表现,因此 C 项 signs 为答案,可指某种情况的征兆,signs of weakness 表示“软弱的标志”。
11
A.
indifferent
B.
annoyed
C.
delighted
D.
irritated
本题答案:
A
B
C
D
参考答案:
B
系统解析:
上文提到女性更常寻求与同事合作(seek collaboration),男性对此持消极态度。反过来,女性认为男性工作中非常好胜(competitively),带有否定意义。空格需填入表明女性的态度的形容词作表语,B 项 annoyed“反感的”符合语义逻辑。
12
A.
at
B.
in
C.
on
D.
from
本题答案:
A
B
C
D
参考答案:
A
系统解析:
本句说明男性与之相反的特点,即快速地得出结论。arrive at 表示“达成(决议、决定等);得出(结论)”,故选 A 项 at。
13
A.
Meanwhile
B.
Although
C.
If
D.
Moreover
本题答案:
A
B
C
D
参考答案:
C
系统解析:
从句指出男女员工要应对因性别差异而导致的行为偏好(behavioral preferences),主句表明他们的职场就会更加和谐(more harmonious)。从逻辑上判断该从句应是条件状语从句。另外从句的谓语动词是 became,主句的谓语动词是 would contribute,由此可判断这是虚拟语气中表示与现在事实相反的情况句式,选 C 项 If。
14
A.
fortunate
B.
intelligent
C.
different
D.
witless
本题答案:
A
B
C
D
参考答案:
B
系统解析:
上文提到了男性跟女性在工作中有不同的偏好。本句要讨论的问题是:男女员工要如何面对固有的工作与行为的偏好,才能让他们在职场上更加和谐?此处应填入一个有肯定意义的形容词。B 项 intelligent“聪明的”,gender intelligent 意为“聪明地应对性别差异”,符合语义逻辑。
15
A.
amount
B.
ration
C.
rate
D.
interest
本题答案:
A
B
C
D
参考答案:
C
系统解析:
本句涉及男性和女性的离职人数比较,出现了两个表示比较的词语 twice、more than half。因此所填入的词语必须能体现两者之间的比较,并且能和空格前的介词 at 搭配,所以选择 C 项 rate“比率”。
16
A.
children
B.
firms
C.
bosses
D.
tasks
本题答案:
A
B
C
D
参考答案:
B
系统解析:
上半句提到部分女性已经选择了离开公司(choosing to leave companies),本句的语境是:在职场上,有女性中还有一半以上正考虑离开,此空格需要填入 leaving 的宾语。B 项 firms“公司”与上半句的 companies 意思一致。
17
A.
quitting
B.
pausing
C.
persevering
D.
dismissing
本题答案:
A
B
C
D
参考答案:
A
系统解析:
空格后的 for personal reasons 表明了女性离开公司的原因。离开公司意味着“辞职”,选 A 项 quitting“辞职”。
18
A.
honorable in
B.
embarrassed for
C.
familiar with
D.
excluded from
本题答案:
A
B
C
D
参考答案:
D
系统解析:
空格后的 team 表明大多数女性离职的一个原因跟团队有关,因此填入的词语应与人际关系有关联。D 项 excluded from 代入句子表示“在团队中受到排挤”,符合语义逻辑。
19
A.
phenomenon
B.
dilemma
C.
reality
D.
evidence
本题答案:
A
B
C
D
参考答案:
C
系统解析:
上文提及女性辞职的原因(在团队中受到排挤),本句表转折的 Yet“然而”后指出另一种情况:女性与同性之间也存在沟通困难,这也是一种现实情况。C 项 reality“现实”,侧重指某事物的客观存在的真实性,符合语义。
20
A.
furthermore
B.
though
C.
if
D.
since
本题答案:
A
B
C
D
参考答案:
B
系统解析:
上半句提到女性在工作中与其他同性也存在沟通困难,作为职场沟通指南的书籍理应做出分析,然而下半句指出:作者并未详细解释为何如此,因此空格处应填入表示语义转折的连词。B 项 though“虽然,尽管”正确。
The average British people get six-and-a-half hours, sleep a night, according to the Sleep Council. It has been known for some time that the amount of sleep people get has, __1__ declined over the years. But __2__ the average amount of sleep we are getting has fallen, rates of obesity and diabetes have soared. Could the two be connected?
We wanted to see what the __3__ would be of increasing average sleep by just one hour. So we asked seven volunteers, who __4__ sleep anywhere between six and nine hours, to be __5__ at the University of Surrey's Sleep Research Centre.
The volunteers were randomly __6__ to two groups. One group was asked to sleep for six-and-a-half hours a night, the other got seven-and-a-half hours. After a week the researchers took blood tests and the volunteers were asked to switch sleep __7__ . The group that had been sleeping six-and-a-half hours got an __8__ hour, the other group slept an hour less.
Computer tests designed to measure brain wave activity __9__ that most of them struggled with mental agility tasks when they had less sleep, but the most interesting results came from the blood tests that were __10__.
Dr Simon Archer and his team at Surrey University were __11__ interested in looking at the genes that were switched on or off in our volunteers __12__ changes in the amount that we had made them sleep.
"We found that __13__ there were around 500 genes that were affected," Archer __14__. "Some which were going up, and some which were going down."
What they discovered is that when the volunteers __15__ back from seven-and-a-half to six-and-a-half hours' sleep a night, genes that are __16__ with processes like immune response and response to stress became more __17__ The team also saw increase in the activity of genes related to diabetes and risk of cancer. The __18__ happened when the volunteers added an hour of sleep.
So the clear __19__ from this experiment was that if you are getting less than seven hours' sleep a night and can alter your sleep habits, even one hour more, it could make you __20__.
21
A.
by chance
B.
on average
C.
at length
D.
for good
本题答案:
A
B
C
D
参考答案:
B
系统解析:
下一句的 the average amount 说明本空格所提到的 the amount of sleep 为平均睡眠时间,故 B 项 on average“平均”为答案,表示英国人睡眠时间整体的情况。
22
A.
while
B.
since
C.
only if
D.
even
本题答案:
A
B
C
D
参考答案:
A
系统解析:
空格后的前一个分句意为“人们的睡眠量减少”,第二个分句为“肥胖症和糖尿病的发病率不断在攀升”,两者逻辑关系为对比转折,故用 A 项 while“然而”。
23
A.
concept
B.
object
C.
perspective
D.
effect
本题答案:
A
B
C
D
参考答案:
D
系统解析:
根据空格前句“我们想弄清楚……”和空格后句“平均增加一个小时,将是……”可看出,后一句是手段,而前一句是目的,所填入的名词应为 D 项 effects “效果”,表示为了了解增加一个小时的睡眠时间会有什么效果。
24
A.
incidentally
B.
normally
C.
rarely
D.
lately
本题答案:
A
B
C
D
参考答案:
B
系统解析:
所填入的副词修饰后面“睡眠时间在 6 至 9 个小时之间”这一事实。根据上下文,参加受试者应该有个比较固定的睡眠习惯,故选 B 项 normally“通常”。
25
A.
investigated
B.
guarded
C.
studied
D.
identified
本题答案:
A
B
C
D
参考答案:
C
系统解析:
根据第一段,作者想要了解“睡眠量与肥胖症和糖尿病的发病率之间的关系”,从而选出 7 名志愿者进行试验。主语为空格词的宾语,是实验的研究对象,故应选 C 项 studied“研究”。
26
A.
adapted
B.
admitted
C.
allocated
D.
attributed
本题答案:
A
B
C
D
参考答案:
C
系统解析:
由后一句“一组……,另一组……”可知研究人员需要将受试者分为两组进行对比研究。故选 C 项 allocated“分配”,和空格后的 to 连用表示“分配到”。
27
A.
patterns
B.
styles
C.
samples
D.
norms
本题答案:
A
B
C
D
参考答案:
A
系统解析:
无论是每晚睡 6 .5 小时,还是每晚睡 7 .5 小时,都可称为一种“睡眠模式”,其对应的英文表述为 sleep pattern,故选 A 项 patterns。
28
A.
auxiliary
B.
excessive
C.
alternate
D.
extra
本题答案:
A
B
C
D
参考答案:
D
系统解析:
从本段第二句“一组每晚睡 6 .5 小时,而另一组睡 7 .5 小时”和第三句“一周之后……调换……,以及本句”原来睡 6 .5 小时的一组……,而另一组则少睡一个小时“可知,原来睡 6 .5 小时的志愿者现在应该睡 7 .5 个小时,多了一个小时,故选 D 项 extra“额外的”。
29
A.
detected
B.
submitted
C.
assumed
D.
revealed
本题答案:
A
B
C
D
参考答案:
D
系统解析:
空格后的 that 引导的宾语从句描述的是实验的结果,故选 D 选项 revealed“揭示,表明”。
30
A.
run
B.
hosted
C.
processed
D.
treated
本题答案:
A
B
C
D
参考答案:
A
系统解析:
空格所在句是修饰 blood tests(血液检查)的定语从句,因此所填入动词应作用于 blood tests。A 项 run 有“进行(试验)”之意,常和 test 搭配使用,表示进行的血液检查。
31
A.
consistently
B.
particularly
C.
essentially
D.
barely
本题答案:
A
B
C
D
参考答案:
B
系统解析:
本题考查副词修饰形容词 interested。根据本题已知句意“西蒙·阿彻博士和他的团队对基因感兴趣”以及后面一段他们有关于基因的发现可知,研究团队对基因的尤为关注。故选 B 项 particularly“特别,尤其”。
32
A.
at
B.
to
C.
by
D.
for
本题答案:
A
B
C
D
参考答案:
C
系统解析:
从空格前的句意“……观察在志愿者体内的基因活跃情况(genes that... in our volunteers)”和空格后的句意“我们设置的睡眠量的变化”可知,空格前的动作为目的,而空格后的则为方式,故应选用 C 项 by“通过”。
33
A.
instead
B.
overall
C.
indeed
D.
perhaps
本题答案:
A
B
C
D
参考答案:
B
系统解析:
本句提到,研究团队发现有 500 个基因受到影响。而后一句也提到 some..., and some..., 可知研究结果是从整体上讲的,故选 B 项 overall“总地来说”。
34
A.
predicted
B.
inferred
C.
gossiped
D.
explained
本题答案:
A
B
C
D
参考答案:
D
系统解析:
要求填入的动作动词由阿彻博士发出,引号中的内容为阿彻博士所言,从“我们发现有 500 个基因受到影响”、“有些变得更加活跃,有些则相反”可以看出,博士对他们的研究结果进行阐述,故选 D 项 explained“解释”。
35
A.
turn
B.
come
C.
cut
D.
go
本题答案:
A
B
C
D
参考答案:
C
系统解析:
空格后有介词 back from... to, 空格后意为“志愿者每晚的睡觉时间从 7 .5 个小时……到 6 .5 个小时”,故选用 C 项。cut back from... to...意为“从……削减到……”。
36
A.
associated
B.
covered
C.
compared
D.
filled
本题答案:
A
B
C
D
参考答案:
A
系统解析:
空格所在句为 gene 的定语从句,表明是哪一类型的基因。短语 be associated with 意为“与……相关”,代入后表明是与免疫反应和应对压力相关的基因。选 A 项。
37
A.
active
B.
abnormal
C.
still
D.
orderly
本题答案:
A
B
C
D
参考答案:
A
系统解析:
根据后一句,研究团队也在……方面看到基因活动的更加频繁(the team also saw increase...)可知,空格所在句也有基因方面相同的变化,故选 A 项 active“活跃的”。
38
A.
resemblance
B.
reverse
C.
repetition
D.
stereotype
本题答案:
A
B
C
D
参考答案:
B
系统解析:
从本句的时间状语从句 when the volunteers added an hour of sleep(当志愿者增加一个小时的睡眠)可知,句子所述内容应和前面论述相对,故选 B 项 reverse“相反”。
39
A.
sense
B.
signature
C.
message
D.
motive
本题答案:
A
B
C
D
参考答案:
C
系统解析:
空格需填入一个名词作主语。表语从句 that if you are getting less than...意为“如果你睡眠不足 7 小时,但如果能够……你会变得……”,为告知读者的建议。故选 C 项 message “信息”。
40
A.
nicer
B.
healthier
C.
happier
D.
luckier
本题答案:
A
B
C
D
参考答案:
B
系统解析:
从整篇文章看,作者就是讨论睡眠时间和健康之间的关系,而本句是作者最后提出的建议,应该是让读者了解如何更健康,故选 B 项 healthier“更健康”。
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