翻译翻译提高模拟题第13关

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1 The earliest controversies about the relationship between photography and art centered on whether photography's fidelity to appearances and dependence on a machine allowed it to be a fine art as distinct from merely a practical art. Throughout the nineteenth century, the defense of photography was identical with the struggle to establish it as a fine art. Against the charge that photography was a soulless, mechanical copying of reality, photographers asserted that it was instead a privileged way of seeing, a revolt against commonplace vision, and no less worthy an art than painting. In the nineteenth century, photography's association with the real world placed it in an ambivalent relation to art: late in the twentieth century an ambivalent relation exists because of the modernist heritage in art. That important photographers are no longer willing to debate whether photography is or is not a fine art, except to proclaim that their own work is not involved with art, shows the extent to which they simply take for granted the concept of art imposed by the triumph of Modernism: the better the art, the more subversive it is of the traditional aims of art.

参考答案：关于摄影与艺术之间相互关系的最早期的争论集中于：摄影对景象的精确表现和对摄影机的依赖是否能使其成为一种与实用技艺相区别的美的艺术。整个 19 世纪，人们为摄影的辩护其实就是在争取把摄影发展成一门美的艺术。为了反驳摄影是对现实的没有灵魂的机械摹写的指责，摄影家断言：恰恰相反，摄影是观看事物的一种特有形式，是对普通视觉的一种背离，是一种与绘画有同样价值的艺术。
在 19 世纪，摄影与现实世界的联系使其与艺术互相矛盾，到了 20 世纪末，这种矛盾关系仍然存在，因为艺术中保留了现代主义成分。重要的摄影家除了宣称他们本人的作品与艺术没有直接关系以外，不再愿意争论摄影是否是一种美的艺术的问题。这表明他们对于现代主义的成功所强加的“越是好的艺术，越是反对实现艺术的传统目标”的艺术观，认为理所当然因而不予重视。
系统解析：
1. The earliest controversies about the relationship between photography and art centered on whether photography's fidelity to appearances and dependence on a machine allowed it to be a fine art as distinct from merely a practical art.
结构分析：句子的框架是...controversies...centered on whether...。whether 引导的从句作介词宾语。此从句中it代指前面提到的 photography。Fidelity 此处译为“确切，精确”，不应译成“忠诚、忠实”；machine 此处指“照相机”；fine art意为“美的艺术”。
2. Against the charge that photography was a soulless, mechanical copying of reality, photographers asserted that it was instead a privileged way of seeing, a revolt against commonplace vision, and no less worthy an art than painting.
结构分析：句子的框架是...photographers asserted that it was...a revolt...，and no less worthy an art...。that 引导宾语从句作 asserted 的宾语。在 Against 引导的介词短语中又嵌套了一个 that 引导的同位语从句作 the charge 的同位语。Charge 在本文中意为“指责”，而不能译为“控告、指控”；privileged 原意是“享有特权的，特许的”，此处转意为“特有的”；no less...than...译为“和……一样、不亚于……”。
3. That important photographers are no longer willing to debate whether photography is or is not a fine art, except to proclaim that their own work is not involved with art, shows the extent to which they simply take for granted the concept of art imposed by the triumph of Modernism: the better the art, the more subversive it is of the traditional aims of art.
结构分析：句子的框架是 That important photographers are no longer willing to debate...shows the extent...。That 引导的从句作主语，此从句中又有一个 whether 引导的宾语从句。介词except+不定式后又接 that 引导的宾语从句。介词 to+关系代词 which 引导定语从句修饰the extent ;此定语从句中，imposed by the triumph of Modernism 为过去分词短语作后置定语修饰宾语 the concept of art，冒号后的句子是对 the concept of art 的具体说明，运用了 the more...，the more...固定句型，译成“越……，越……”。to the extent that...意为“达到……程度”。be subversive of 相当于 subvert, 意为“颠覆、（暗中）破坏”。

2 Photographers' disclaimers of any interest in making art tell us more about the harried status of the contemporary notion of art than about whether photography is or is not art. For example, those photographers who suppose that, by taking pictures, they are getting away from the pretensions of art as exemplified by painting remind us of those Abstract Expressionist painters who imagined they were getting away from the intellectual austerity of classical Modernist painting by concentrating on the physical act of painting. Much of photograph's prestige today derives from the convergence of its aims with those of recent art, particularly with the dismissal of abstract art implicit in the phenomenon of Pop painting during the 1960's. Photography, however, has developed all the anxieties and self-consciousness of a classic Modernist art. Many professionals privately have begun to worry that the promotion of photography as an activity subversive of the traditional pretensions of art has gone so far that the public will forget that photography is a distinctive and exalted activity—in short, an art.

参考答案：摄影家们表示，他们对创作艺术这件事毫无兴趣。这更多地说明了当代的艺术概念正处于一种窘境，而非摄影是否可以称得上是一门艺术这一问题。例如，那些认为进行照相就可以摆脱以绘画为典范的艺术要求的摄影家使我们想起那些想象通过全神贯注于绘画的身体动作，就可以摆脱传统现代派绘画作品要求的那种高度理解力的抽象表现主义画家。如今的大部分摄影作品的名声都是当初摄影目标和近期的艺术目标相趋同的结果，尤其是和在 19 世纪 60 年代的流行绘画现象中隐含的避免运用抽象艺术这一目标相趋同。
然而，摄影在其发展过程中也同样包含了经典现代主义艺术的焦虑和自我意识成分。许多摄影专家私下里开始担心：提倡摄影作为一种颠覆艺术的传统要求的活动已经做得太过分了，结果使得公众将忘记摄影是一种独特而典雅的活动——简言之，是一门艺术。
系统解析：
1. For example, those photographers who suppose that, by taking pictures, they are getting away from the pretensions of art as exemplified by painting remind us of those Abstract Expressionist painters who imagined they were getting away from the intellectual austerity of classical Modernist painting by concentrating on the physical act of painting.
结构分析：句子的框架是...those photographers who...remind us of those Abstract Expressionist painters who...。两个 who 引导定语从句分别修饰 those photographers 和 those Abstract Expressionist painters, 两个定语从句中又分别嵌套一个宾语从句。句尾的宾语从句省略了关系代词that。As exemplified by painting 作方式状语。pretensions 译为“要求”；be exemplified by 意为“以……为例子（或榜样等)”，austerity 意为“严正，严肃”。
2. Many professionals privately have begun to worry that the promotion of photography as an activity subversive of the traditional pretensions of art has gone so far that the public will forget that photography is a distinctive and exalted activity — in short, an art.
结构分析：句子的框架为...professionals...have begun to worry that...。that 引导宾语从句作 worry 的宾语。此宾语从句中又嵌套一个 so...that...结构引导的结果状语从句；此状语从句中又嵌套一个that引导的宾语从句。subversive of the traditional pretensions of art 为形容词短语作后置定语修饰 activity，相当于 an activity that is subversive of the traditional pretensions of art。

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