翻译翻译提高模拟题第10关

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1 As a result of the recent energy crisis, new concepts for creating HDR recovery systems— which involve drilling holes and connecting them to artificial reservoirs placed deep within the crust—are being developed. In all attempts to retrieve energy from HDR's reservoir, artificial stimulation will be required to create either sufficient permeability or bounded flow paths to facilitate the removal of heat by circulation of a fluid over the surface of the rock. The HDR resource base is generally defined to include crustal rock that is hotter than 150℃, is at depths less than ten kilometers, and can be drilled with presently available equipment. Although wells deeper than ten kilometers are technically feasible, prevailing economic factors will obviously determine the commercial feasibility of wells at such depths.

参考答案：由于近期的能源危机，对于创建干热岩体恢复系统的新理念正在形成。这一系统涉及钻孔以及将它们同置于地壳深处的人造水库相连接的问题。在所有试图从干热岩体回收能源的努力中，人工的刺激是必要的，为的是创造充分的渗透度或建造封闭的流道，以推进通过岩石表面的流体环流来回收热能。
干热岩源区一般规定为热度超过 150℃、深度小于 10 公里、能用现存设备来钻探的地壳岩石。尽管超过一万米的深井在技术上是可行的，但很显然盛行经济因素会决定这一深度的矿井的商业可行性。
系统解析：
1. In all attempts to retrieve energy from HDR's reservoir, artificial stimulation will be required to create either sufficient permeability or bounded flow paths to facilitate the removal of heat by circulation of a fluid over the surface of the rock.
结构分析：句子的框架是 In all attempts to retrieve energy from..., artificial stimulation will be required to create either...or...to facilitate the removal of heat...。to retrieve energy from...作定语修饰 attempts, either...or…连接 create 的两个宾语，to create either...or...表示第一个目的，to facilitate the removal of heat...表示第二个目的，也是最终目的；facilitate 可译为“易于”。
2. The HDR resource base is generally defined to include crustal rock that is hotter than 150℃ , is at depths less than ten kilometers, and can be drilled with presently available equipment.
结构分析：句子的框架是 The HDR resource base is generally defined to include crustal rock that is..., is..., and can be drilled... ; rock 后跟三个并列定语从句，用来解释干热岩源区的三个特征。drill 在这里应译为“钻孔，钻探”。

2 Temperature gradient maps generated from oil and gas well temperature depth records kept by the American Association of Petroleum Geologists suggest that tappable-high temperature gradients are distributed all across the United States. (There are many areas, however for which no temperature gradient records exist.) Indications are that the HDR resource base is very large. If an average geothermal temperature gradient of 22℃ per kilometer of depth is used, a staggering 13,000,000 quadrillion B.T.U's of total energy are calculated to be contained in crustal rock to a ten kilometer depth in the United States. If we conservatively estimate that only about 0.2 percent is recoverable, we find a total that is comparable to the estimated resource base of all the coal remaining in the United States. The remaining problem is to balance the economics of deeper, hotter, more costly wells and shallower, cooler, less expensive wells against the value of the final product, electricity and/or heat.

参考答案：根据美国石油地质学家协会所保存的根据油气井记录绘制出来的温度梯度变化曲线图表明：可开发的高温梯度区分布在美国全国各地。（不过，有许多地区还没有温度梯度记录。）
记录显示干热岩源区的范围很大。假如用平均地热温度梯度每公里深度 22℃来估算，那么美国 10 公里深度的地壳岩石所含的总能量为 13,000,000 亿 B.T.U (英国热量单位)，这是一个令人惊愕的数字。如果我们进行保守估计，只有 0.2%的能源能开采，那我们会发现一片相当于美国煤矿开采总量的岩源区。剩下的问题是如何权衡两种热源井（更深更热而费用更大的热源井和较浅较冷而费用较小的热源井）同最终产品（电力和热能，或者是电力或热能）的价值对比之间的利害得失关系。
系统解析：
1. Temperature gradient maps generated from oil and gas well temperature depth records kept by the American Association of Petroleum Geologists suggest that tappable-high temperature gradients are distributed all across the United States.
结构分析：句子的框架是 Temperature gradient maps generated from...records kept by...suggest that...gradients are distributed all across the United States。that 引导名词性从句，作 suggest 的宾语。过去分词 generated from...records 修饰 maps，过去分词 kept by...修饰records ; generate 原意是“产生”，这里译为“绘制”。
2. If an average geothermal temperature gradient of 221 per kilometer of depth is used, a staggering 13,000,000 quadrillion B.T.U's of total energy are calculated to be contained in crustal rock to a ten kilometer depth in the United States.
结构分析：句子的框架是 If...gradient of...is used, ...total energy are calculated to be contained in crustal rock...。本句是个带有条件状语从句的复合句。难点在于条件句的翻译，主句中 calculated 可不译。
3. The remaining problem is to balance the economics of deeper, hotter, more costly wells and shallower, cooler, less expensive wells against the value of the final product, electricity and/or heat.
结构分析：句子框架是 The remaining problem is to balance the economics of...and...against the value of the final product, electricity and/or heat。此句是一个不定式作表语的长单句，介词 of 的宾语应为 and 连接的两个对比成分与介词 against 所带宾语分别对比之后的结果。Economics 原意是“经济学”，这里译为“利害得失”。

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