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成人英语三级
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第20关
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Increasingly, over the past ten years, people—especially young people 一 have become aware of the need to change their eating habits, because much of the food they eat, particularly processed food, is not good for the health. Consequently, there has been a growing interest in natural foods. Foods which do not contain chemical additives (添加剂)and which have not been affected by chemical fertilizers, widely used in farming today.
Natural foods, for example, are vegetables, fruit and grain which have been grown in soil that is rich in organic(有机的)matter. In simple terms, this means that the soil has been nourished by unused vegetable matter, which provides it with essential vitamins and minerals. This in itself is a natural process compared with the use of chemicals and fertilizers, the main purpose of which is to increase the amount 一 but not the quality 一 of foods grown in commercial farming areas.
Natural foods also include animals which have been allowed to feed and move freely in healthy pastures(牧场). Compare this with what happens in the mass production of poultry: there are farms, for example, where thousands of chickens live crowded together in one building and are fed on food which is little better than rubbish. Chickens kept in this way are not only tasteless as food, they also lay eggs which lack important vitamins.
There are other aspects of healthy eating which are now receiving increasing attention from experts on diet. Take, for example, the question of sugar. This is actually a non-essential food! Although a natural alternative, such as honey, can be used to sweeten food if it is necessary, we can in fact do without it. It is not that sugar is harmful in itself. But it does seem to be addictive : the quantity we use has grown steadily over the last two centuries and in Britain today each person consumes an average of 200 pounds a year! Yet all it does is to provide us with energy, in the form of calories. There are no vitamins in it, no minerals and no fiber.
It is significant that nowadays fiber is considered to be an important part of a healthy diet. In white bread, for example, the fiber has been removed. But it is present in unrefined flour and of course in vegetables. It is interesting to note that in countries where the national diet contains large quantities of unrefined flour and vegetables, certain diseases are comparatively rare. Hence the emphasis is placed on the eating of whole meal bread and more vegetables by modem experts on "healthy eating".
1
People have become more interested in natural foods because _____ .
A.
they are more health conscious
B.
they want to taste all kinds of foods
C.
natural foods are more delicious than processed foods
D.
they want to return to nature
本题答案：
A
B
C
D
参考答案：
A
系统解析：
事实细节题。根据文章的第一段，当今的人们越来越注重健康饮食，因此，人们逐渐对天然食品产生了兴趣。所以应选 A，“因为天然食物更健康”。
2
Soil that is rich in organic matters _____ .
A.
has had chemicals and fertilizers added to it
B.
contains vegetable matter that has not been consumed
C.
has been nourished by fertilizers
D.
already contains large quantities of vitamins and minerals
本题答案：
A
B
C
D
参考答案：
B
系统解析：
事实细节题。根据文章第二段的第二句，富含有机物的土壤得到没用过的蔬菜物质的滋养，从中获取维他命和矿物质。所以应选 B（含有没用过的蔬菜物质）。富含有机物的土壤都不用施加化肥，因此其他选项都是错的。
3
Chickens raised in poultry farms are all of the following EXCEPT that _____ .
A.
they are fed on food which is little better than garbage
B.
they live in very crowded condition
C.
the eggs they lay lack vitamins
D.
they are allowed to move about and eat freely
本题答案：
A
B
C
D
参考答案：
D
系统解析：
事实细节题。根据文章第三段最后一句话，饲养厂里的鸡吃的饲料和垃圾差不多，挤在一起，这样养出来的鸡不仅鸡肉不好吃，鸡蛋也没营养。所以文章没提到的选项是 D。
4
According to the passage, _____ .
A.
people need sugar to give them energy
B.
sugar is bad for the health
C.
the use of sugar is habit forming
D.
sugar only sweetens food, but provides us with nothing useful
本题答案：
A
B
C
D
参考答案：
C
系统解析：
事实细节题。可用排除法。文章在第四段提到糖是可有可无的，所以它并不是人们赖以提供能量的食物，所以 A 不对；根据本段第五句，糖本身并没有害处所以 B 也不对； 根据本段倒数第二句，糖可以提供一定的能量，所以不能说糖不能提供任何有用的东西，这样 D 也排除了。只有 C（使用糖是习惯使然，见第五句）是正确的。
5
The best title for this passage is _____ .
A.
People's Growing Interest in Natural Foods
B.
Natural Foods and Healthy Diet
C.
Harmful Effects of Sugar
D.
The Importance of Fiber in Foods
本题答案：
A
B
C
D
参考答案：
B
系统解析：
归纳概括题。为文章选题目应根据文章内容来定。文章第一段讲人们越来越注重健康饮食，其表现就是逐渐对天然食物感兴趣；接下来的两段详细介绍天然食物；最后两段谈健康饮食的另外两个方面——一个是糖的问题，另一个是植物纤维的冋题。总之，作者始终在围绕着健康饮食和天然食物这两个话题。所以本篇文章最好的题目就是 B （健康饮食和天然食物）。其他三个选项都只谈到文中涉及的一个方面，因此都不能起到概括全文的作用。
Much unfriendly feeling towards computers has been based on the fear of widespread unemployment resulting from their introduction. Computers are often used as part of automated(自动化的)production systems requiring a least possible number of operators, causing the loss of many jobs. This has happened, for example, in many steelworks.
On the other hand, computers do create jobs. They are more skilled and better paid, though fewer in number than those they replace. Many activities could not continue in their present form without computers, no matter how many people are employed. Examples are the check clearing (交换)system of major banks and the weather forecasting system.
When a firm introduces computers, a few people are usually employed in key posts (such as jobs of operations managers) while other staff are re-trained as operators, programmers, and data preparation staff. After the new system has settled down, people in non-computer jobs are not always replaced when they leave, resulting in a decrease in the number of employees. This decrease is sometimes balanced by a substantial increase in the activity of the frim, resulting from the introduction of computers.
The attitudes of workers towards computers vary. There is fear of widespread unemployment and of the takeover of many jobs by computer-trained workers, making promotion for older workers not skilled in computers more difficult.
On the other hand, many workers regard the trend toward wider use of computers inevitable.
They realize that computers bring about greater efficiency and productivity, which will improve the condition of the whole economy, and lead to the creation of more jobs. This view was supported by the former British Prime Minister, James Callaghan in 1954, when he made the point that new technologies hold the key to increased productivity, which will benefit the economy in the long run.
6
The unfriendly feeling towards computers is developed from _____ .
A.
the possible widespread unemployment caused by their introduction
B.
their use as part of automated production systems
C.
the least possible number of operators
D.
the production system in steelworks
本题答案：
A
B
C
D
参考答案：
A
系统解析：
事实细节题。根据文章第一段第一句“许多对计算机的不友好感觉来自于因为计算机的引进而带来的大规模的失业。”与 A 项意思相符，故选 A。
7
The underlined word "They" (Line 1, Para. 2) refers to _____ .
A.
computers
B.
jobs
C.
activities
D.
systems
本题答案：
A
B
C
D
参考答案：
B
系统解析：
语义理解题。根据第二段的第一句可知 they 可能指代的是 computers 或 jobs。再根据 they 后面的 skilled and better paid 即有技巧的，工资更高的，不难判断此处应该是指 jobs。故选 B。
8
According to Paragraph 2, without computers _____ .
A.
human activities could not continue
B.
there could not be weather forecasting systems
C.
many activities would have to change their present form
D.
banks would not be able to go on with check clearing
本题答案：
A
B
C
D
参考答案：
C
系统解析：
事实细节题。根据文章第三段的第三句“很多活动没有计算机就不能以现在的模式进行……”。可知没有电脑不能以现在的模式继续，进一步推断只能改变现在的模式，故选 C。
9
According to the passage, what results from the introduction of computers?
A.
After re-training, all employees in the firm get new jobs.
B.
A considerable proportion of people are employed in key posts.
C.
The firm keeps all of its original staff members.
D.
The decrease in staff members may be balanced by the increase of firm activities.
本题答案：
A
B
C
D
参考答案：
D
系统解析：
事实细节题。A 项中的“all”，过于绝对，同时根据第三段第一句可判断 A 错。B 项也与第三段第一句中的“……a few people... employed in key posts...”文意相反。C 项与文意不符，文章中说有很多人会失业。根据文章第三段最后一句话“这个减少有时会被公司里其他由于计算机的引进而显著增加的活动所平衡掉。”与 D 项意思相符，故选 D。
10
James Callaghan's attitude towards computers can be best described as _____ .
A.
doubtful
B.
regretful
C.
unfriendly
D.
supportive
本题答案：
A
B
C
D
参考答案：
D
系统解析：
观点态度题。根据最后一段最后一句“……英国首相詹姆斯?卡拉汉支持这个观点，当时他指出，……”可知，他是支持这个观点的。故选 D。
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