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第23关
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Losing your ability to think and remember is pretty scary. We know the risk of dementia (痴呆症) increases with age. But if you have memory slips, you probably needn't worry. There are pretty clear differences between signs of dementia and age-related memory loss.
After age 50, it's quite common to have trouble remembering the names of people, places and things quickly, says Dr. Kirk Daffner of Brigham and Women's Hospital in Boston.
The brain ages just like the rest of the body. Certain parts shrink, especially areas in the brain that are important to learning, memory and planning. Changes in brain cells can affect communication between different regions of the brain. And blood flow can be reduced as blood vessels narrow.
Forgetting the name of an actor in a favorite movie, for example, is nothing to worry about. But if you forget the plot of the movie or don't remember even seeing it, that's far more concerning, Daffner says.
When you forget entire experiences, he says, that's "a red flag that something more serious may be involved." Forgetting how to operate a familiar object like a microwave oven, or forgetting how to drive to the house of a friend you've visited many times before can also be signs of something going wrong.
But even then, Daffner says, people shouldn't panic. There are many things that can cause confusion and memory loss, including health problems like temporary stoppage of breathing during sleep, high blood pressure, or depression, as well as medications (药物) like antidepressants.
You don't have to figure this out on your own. Daffner suggests going to your doctor to check on medications, health problems and other issues that could be affecting memory. And the best defense against memory loss is to try to prevent it by building up your brain's cognitive (认知的) reserve, Daffner says.
"Read books, go to movies, take on new hobbies or activities that force one to think in novel ways," he says. In other words, keep your brain busy and working. And also get physically active, because exercise is a known brain booster.
1
Why does the author say that one needn't be concerned about memory slips?
A.
Not all of them are symptoms of dementia.
B.
They occur only among certain groups of people.
C.
Not all of them are related to one's age.
D.
They are quite common among fifty-year-olds.
本题答案：
A
B
C
D
参考答案：
A
系统解析：
由题干中的needn't和memory slips定位到首段第三、四句。推理判断题。定位句指出，如果你有记忆失误，或许你并不用担心。痴呆症的症状和与年龄相关的记忆失误的症状是有很明显的区别的。 由此可见，单纯的记忆失误并不一定就是痴呆症的症状，故答案为A。
2
What happens as we become aged according to the passage?
A.
Our interaction skills deteriorate.
B.
Some parts of our brain stop functioning.
C.
Communication within our brain weakens.
D.
Our whole brain starts shrinking.
本题答案：
A
B
C
D
参考答案：
C
系统解析：
由题干中的as we become aged定位到第三段。细节辨认题。定位段前两句说明大脑中一些特定的部位会萎缩，接着第三句提到，脑细胞的变化能够影响大脑不同区域的交流。由此可见， 大脑内的交流功能在逐渐衰退，故答案为C。
3
Which memory-related symptom should people take seriously?
A.
Totally forgetting how to do one's daily routines.
B.
Inability to recall details of one's life experiences.
C.
Failure to remember the names of movies or actors.
D.
Occasionally confusing the addresses of one's friends.
本题答案：
A
B
C
D
参考答案：
A
系统解析：
由题干中的memory-related symptom和 people take seriously定位到第五段第一句。推理判断题。定位句指出，当你忘记整个经历，那才是“红色警示，表明可能有更严重的问题出现。”由此可见，忘记整个经历时，才是亮起红灯的时候，所以“完全忘记如何进行日常生活”需要认真对待，故答案为A。
4
What should people do when signs of serious memory loss show up?
A.
Check the brain's cognitive reserve.
B.
Stop medications affecting memory.
C.
Turn to a professional for assistance.
D.
Exercise to improve their well-being.
本题答案：
A
B
C
D
参考答案：
C
系统解析：
由题干中的when signs of serious memory loss show up定位到第七段第一、二句。细节辨认题。定位句提到，你不需要靠自己弄明白这些事情。达芙涅建议人们去看医生， 检查药物、健康问题和其他可能会影响记忆的因素。由此可见，当出现严重的记忆减退时，要寻求专业医生的帮助，故答案为C。
5
What is Dr. Daffner's advice for combating memory loss?
A.
Having regular physical and mental checkups.
B.
Taking medicine that helps boost one's brain.
C.
Engaging in known memory repair activities.
D.
Staying active both physically and mentally.
本题答案：
A
B
C
D
参考答案：
D
系统解析：
由题干中的Dr. Daffner's advice和 combating memory loss 定位到最后一段。推理判断题。定位段指出，为了对抗记忆丢失，要让大脑忙碌和工作起来。同样，身体也要活跃起来，因为锻炼是众所周知的大脑助推器。由此可见，要想应对记忆力的丢失，需要在精神和身体两个方面着手，故答案为D。
A letter written by Charles Darwin in 1875 has been returned to the Smithsonian Institution Archives (档案馆) by the FBI after being stolen twice.
"We realized in the mid-1970s that it was missing," says Effie Kapsalis, head of the Smithsonian Insitution Archives. "It was noted as missing and likely taken by an intern (实习生), from what the FBI is telling us. Word got out that it was missing when someone asked to see the letter for research purposes," and the intern put the letter back. "The intern likely took the letter again once nobody was watching it."
Decades passed. Finally, the FBI received a tip that the stolen document was located very close to Washington, D.C. Their art crime team recovered the letter but were unable to press charges because the time of limitations had ended. The FBI worked closely with the Archives to determine that the letter was both authentic and definitely Smithsonian's property.
The letter was written by Darwin to thank an American geologist, Dr. Ferdinand Vandeveer Hayden, for sending him copies of his research into the geology of the region that would become Yellowstone National Park.
The letter is in fairly good condition, in spite of being out of the care of trained museum staff for so long. "It was luckily in good shape," says Kapsalis, "and we just have to do some minor things in order to be able to unfold it. It has some glue on it that has colored it slightly, but nothing that will prevent us from using it. After it is repaired, we will take digital photos of it and that will be available online. One of our goals is to get items of high research value or interest to the public online."
It would now be difficult for an intern, visitor or a thief to steal a document like this. "Archiving practices have changed greatly since the 1970s," says Kapsalis, "and we keep our high value documents in a safe that I don't even have access to."
6
What happened to Darwin's letter in the 1970s?
A.
It was recovered by the FBI.
B.
It was stolen more than once.
C.
It was put in the archives for research purposes.
D.
It was purchased by the Smithsonian Archives.
本题答案：
A
B
C
D
参考答案：
B
系统解析：
由题干中的Darwin's letter和in the 1970s定位到第一段和第二段第一句。推理判断题。第一段指出，美国联邦调查局将一封查尔斯·达尔文在1875年写的信件归还给了史密森学会档案馆，这封信已被偷窃了两次。第二段第一句指出，偷窃的时间是20世纪70年代。由此可见，这封信被偷了不止一次。因此，答案为B。
7
What did the FBI do after the recovery of the letter?
A.
They proved its authenticity.
B.
They kept it in a special safe.
C.
They arrested the suspect immediately.
D.
They pressed criminal charges in vain.
本题答案：
A
B
C
D
参考答案：
A
系统解析：
由题干中的FBI do after the recovery of the letter定位到第三段第三、四句。推理判断题。由定位句可知，美国联邦调查局的艺术品犯罪小组找回了这封信，但是却不能提起上诉，因为上诉时限已过。联邦调查局与档案馆密切合作，确定该信件为真迹，并且确实是史密森学会的财产。因此，答案为A。
8
What is Darwin's letter about?
A.
The evolution of Yellowstone National Park.
B.
His cooperation with an American geologist.
C.
Some geological evidence supporting his theory.
D.
His acknowledgement of help from a professional.
本题答案：
A
B
C
D
参考答案：
D
系统解析：
由题干中的Darwin's letter about定位到第四段。细节辨认题。定位段提到，达尔文写这封信是为了感谢美国的一位地质学家佛迪纳得·万德维尔·哈登教授，感谢他给自己提供的某地区的地质研究的复印件。由此可见，这封信是一封感谢信。因此，答案为D。
9
What will the Smithsonian Institution Archives do with the letter according to Kapsalis?
A.
Reserve it for research purposes only.
B.
Turn it into an object of high interest.
C.
Keep it a permanent secret.
D.
Make it available online.
本题答案：
A
B
C
D
参考答案：
D
系统解析：
由题干中的Smithsonian Institution Archives do with the letter 和 according to Kapsalis定位到第五段。细节辨认题。由定位段可知，史密森学会档案馆的负责人卡帕萨里斯说，该档案馆将信件修复后，会对其拍摄数码照片，并且这些照片可以在网上看到。由此可见，档案馆修复文件后会将这封信的电子版本上传至网络，为大众所用。因此，答案为D。
10
What has the past half century witnessed according to Kapsalis?
A.
Growing interest in rare art objects.
B.
Radical changes in archiving practices.
C.
Recovery of various missing documents.
D.
Increases in the value of museum exhibits.
本题答案：
A
B
C
D
参考答案：
B
系统解析：
由题干中的the past half century witnessed 和 according to Kapsalis 定位到文章最后一段最后一句。推理判断题。定位句提到，卡帕萨里斯说：“自从20世纪70年代以来，档案管理流程已经发生了巨大的变化，我们现在将高价值的文件放在一个甚至我自己都没有权限的保险柜里。”由此可见，在过去的半个世纪以来，人们见证了档案操作流程的巨大变化。因此，答案为B。
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