首页
在线考试
章节闯关
谁正在考试
学习应用
听写训练
背单词
情景会话
口语模仿
擂台赛
每日英语
资料下载
作文批改
注册
您的位置：
在线考试首页
>
章节闯关
>
英语四级
>
仔细阅读
>
历年真题
>
第20关
00:00:00
已做
0
项(正确
0
项，错误做
0
项)/共10项，剩余
10
项未作答
结束作答
答案解析
上一题
下一题
返回
阅读理解
收藏
纠错
That people often experience trouble sleeping in a different bed in unfamiliar surroundings is a phenomenon known as the "first-night" effect. If a person stays in the same room the following night they tend to sleep more soundly. Yuka Sasaki and her colleagues at Brown University set out to investigate the origins of this effect.
Dr. Sasaki knew the first-night effect probably has something to do with how humans evolved. The puzzle was what benefit would be gained from it when performance might be affected the following day. She also knew from previous work conducted on birds and dolphins that these animals put half of their brains to sleep at a time so that they can rest while remaining alert enough to avoid predators (捕食者). This led her to wonder if people might be doing the same thing. To take a closer look, her team studied 35 healthy people as they slept in the unfamiliar environment of the university's Department of Psychological Sciences. The participants each slept in the department for two nights and were carefully monitored with techniques that looked at the activity of their brains. Dr. Sasaki found, as expected, the participants slept less well on their first night than they did on their second, taking more than twice as long to fall asleep and sleeping less overall. During deep sleep, the participants' brains behaved in a similar manner seen in birds and dolphins. On the first night only, the left hemispheres (半球) of their brains did not sleep nearly as deeply as their right hemispheres did.
Curious if the left hemispheres were indeed remaining awake to process information detected in the surrounding environment, Dr. Sasaki re-ran the experiment while presenting the sleeping participants with a mix of regularly timed beeps (蜂鸣声) of the same tone and irregular beeps of a different tone during the night. She worked out that, if the left hemisphere was staying alert to keep guard in a strange environment, then it would react to the irregular beeps by stirring people from sleep and would ignore the regularly timed ones. This is precisely what she found.
1
What did researchers find puzzling about the first-night effect?
A.
To what extent it can trouble people.
B.
What role it has played in evolution.
C.
What circumstances may trigger it.
D.
In what way it can be beneficial.
本题答案：
A
B
C
D
参考答案：
D
系统解析：
由题干中的puzzling和first-night effect定位到第二段第二句。事实细节题。第二段开头指出，佐佐木博士认为第一晚效应可能和人类的进化有关。定位句指出，难题是在第二天的表现可能会受到影响的情况下，这一现象会带来什么好处，故答案为D。
2
What do we learn about Dr. Yuka Sasaki doing her research?
A.
She found birds and dolphins remain alert while asleep.
B.
She found birds and dolphins sleep in much the same way.
C.
She got some idea from previous studies on birds and dolphins
D.
She conducted studies on birds' and dolphins' sleeping patterns.
本题答案：
A
B
C
D
参考答案：
C
系统解析：
由题干中的Dr. Yuka Sasaki和选项中的birds and dolphins定位到第二段第三句。事实细节题。定位句指出，佐佐木博士在之前对鸟类和海豚的研究工作中得知，这些动物会在某刻让它们的半边大脑处于睡眠中，这样一来它们就能够在休息的同时保持足够的警惕以躲避捕食者。可知她从之前对鸟类和海豚的研究中得到了一些启示，故答案为C。
3
What did Dr. Sasaki do when she first did her experiment?
A.
She monitored the brain activity of participants sleeping in a new environment.
B.
She recruited 35 participants from her Department of Psychological Sciences.
C.
She studied the differences between the two sides of participants' brains.
D.
She tested her findings about birds and dolphins on human subjects.
本题答案：
A
B
C
D
参考答案：
A
系统解析：
由题干中的Dr. Sasaki和first did her experiment定位到第二段第五、六句。事实细节题。定位句指出，佐佐木博士的团队对睡在陌生环境中的35个健康的人进行了研究，监控观察了他们的大脑活动。故答案为A。
4
What did Dr. Sasaki do when re-running her experiment?
A.
She analyzed the negative effect of irregular tones on brains.
B.
She recorded participants' adaptation to changed environment.
C.
She exposed her participants to two different stimuli.
D.
She compared the responses of different participants.
本题答案：
A
B
C
D
参考答案：
C
系统解析：
由题干中的Dr. Sasaki和re-running her experiment定位到第三段第一句。推理判断题。定位句指出，佐佐木博士重新进行实验时将参与者置于混合的蜂鸣声中，一种是同一音调、有规律的定时蜂鸣声，一种是不同音调、无规律的蜂鸣声。由此可知有两种刺激，故答案为C。
5
What did Dr. Sasaki find about the participants in her experiment?
A.
They tended to enjoy certain tones more than others.
B.
They tended to perceive irregular beeps as a threat.
C.
They felt sleepy when exposed to regular beeps.
D.
They differed in their tolerance of irregular tones.
本题答案：
A
B
C
D
参考答案：
B
系统解析：
由题干中的Dr. Sasaki和find about定位到第三段第二句。推理判断题。定位句指出，佐佐木博士发现，如果左半球在一个陌生的环境中为了防卫而保持警觉，那么它会通过搅扰人睡眠的方式对不规律的蜂鸣声有所反应。也就是说，参与者把不规律的蜂鸣声当成了威胁，从而产生了反应，故答案为B。
It's time to reevaluate how women handle conflict at work. Being overworked or over-committed at home and on the job will not get you where you want to be in life. It will only slow you down and hinder your career goals.
Did you know women are more likely than men to feel exhausted? Nearly twice as many women than men ages 18-44 reported feeling "very tired" or "exhausted", according to a recent study.
This may not be surprising given that this is the age range when women have children. It's also the age range when many women are trying to balance careers and home. One reason women may feel exhausted is that they have a hard time saying "no." Women want to be able to do it all -- volunteer for school parties or cook delicious meals -- and so their answer to any request is often "Yes, I can."
Women struggle to say "no" in the workplace for similar reasons, including the desire to be liked by their colleagues. Unfortunately, this inability to say "no" may be hurting women's health as well as their career.
At the workplace, men use conflict as a way to position themselves, while women often avoid conflict or strive to be the peacemaker, because they don't want to be viewed as aggressive or disruptive at work. For example, there's a problem that needs to be addressed immediately, resulting in a dispute over who should be the one to fix it. Men are more likely to face that dispute from the perspective of what benefits them most, whereas women may approach the same dispute from the perspective of what's the easiest and quickest way to resolve the problem -- even if that means doing the boring work themselves.
This difference in handling conflict could be the deciding factor on who gets promoted to a leadership position and who does not. Leaders have to be able to delegate and manage resources wisely -- including staff expertise. Shouldering more of the workload may not earn you that promotion. Instead, it may highlight your inability to delegate effectively.
6
What does the author say is the problem with women?
A.
They are often unclear about the career goals to reach.
B.
They are usually more committed at home than on the job.
C.
They tend to be over-optimistic about how far they could go.
D.
They tend to push themselves beyond the limits of their ability.
本题答案：
A
B
C
D
参考答案：
D
系统解析：
由题干中的the problem with women定位到第一段第二、三句。推理判断题。定位句指出，在家里和工作中过度操劳或过度尽心尽力都不会让你得到你想要的生活。这两种“过度”可以总结为女性承担超出自己能力范围之外的任务，故答案为D。
7
Why do working women of child-bearing age tend to feel drained of energy?
A.
They struggle to satisfy the demands of both work and home.
B.
They are too devoted to work and unable to relax as a result.
C.
They do their best to cooperate with their workmates.
D.
They are obliged to take up too many responsibilities.
本题答案：
A
B
C
D
参考答案：
A
系统解析：
由题干中的women of child-bearing age定位到第三段第一、二句。推理判断题。定位句指出，18岁至44岁的年龄段正是女性生育孩子的阶段，也是很多女性努力平衡事业和家庭的阶段。结合上段内容可知，这一年龄段的女性尤其容易感到筋疲力尽。因此可知女性感到筋疲力尽的原因是有了孩子之后，需要顾全工作和家庭双方的需求，故答案为A。
8
What may hinder the future prospects of career women?
A.
Their unwillingness to say "no".
B.
Their desire to be considered powerful.
C.
An underestimate of their own ability.
D.
A lack of courage to face challenges.
本题答案：
A
B
C
D
参考答案：
A
系统解析：
由题干中的hinder和career women定位到第四段第二句。事实细节题。定位句指出，无力说“不”可能会对女性的健康和事业带来伤害。也就是说，不愿意说“不”会阻碍职业女性的发展前景，故答案为A。
9
Men and woman differ in their approach to resolving workplace conflicts in that ______.
A.
women tend to be easily satisfied
B.
men are generally more persuasive
C.
men tend to put their personal interests first
D.
women are much more ready to compromise
本题答案：
A
B
C
D
参考答案：
C
系统解析：
由题干中的Men and women和approach to resolving workplace conflicts定位到第五段第三句。推理判断题。定位句指出，男性往往会站在最为利己的角度去面对争议，也就是说男性会倾向于首先考虑自身利益，这导致了男女解决工作冲突的方式不同，故答案为C。
10
What is important to a good leader?
A.
A dominant personality.
B.
The ability to delegate.
C.
The courage to admit failure
D.
A strong sense of responsibility.
本题答案：
A
B
C
D
参考答案：
B
系统解析：
由题干中的important和good leader定位到第六段第二句。事实细节题。定位句指出，领导必须能够明智地放权和管理资源，也就是说好的领导要有下放权力的能力，故答案为B。
我的笔记
最大支持140字
收藏
0
好题
0
烂题
0
提交纠错
请输入您发现的错误详情
用户：
