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Attitudes toward new technologies often fall along generational lines. That is, generally, younger people tend to outnumber older people on the front end of a technological shift.
It is not always the case, though. When you look at attitudes toward driverless cars, there doesn't seem to be a clear generational divide. The public overall is split on whether they'd like to use a driverless car. In a study last year, of all people surveyed, 48 percent said they wanted to ride in one, while 50 percent did not.
The fact that attitudes toward self-driving cars appear to be so steady across generations suggests how transformative the shift to driverless cars could be. Not everyone wants a driverless car now—and no one can get one yet—but among those who are open to them, every age group is similarly engaged.
Actually, this isn't surprising. Whereas older generations are sometimes reluctant to adopt new technologies, driverless cars promise real value to these age groups in particular. Older adults, especially those with limited mobility or difficulty driving on their own, are one of the classic use-cases for driverless cars.
This is especially interesting when you consider that younger people are generally more interested in travel-related technologies than older ones.
When it comes to driverless cars, differences in attitude are more pronounced based on factors not related to age. College graduates, for example, are particularly interested in driverless cars compared with those who have less education: 59 percent of college graduates said they would like to use a driverless car compared with 38 percent of those with a high-school diploma or less.
Where a person lives matters, too. More people who lived in cities and suburbs said they wanted to try driverless cars than those who lived in rural areas.
While there's reason to believe that interest in self-driving cars is going up across the board, a person's age will have little to do with how self-driving cars can become mainstream. Once driverless cars are actually available for sale, the early adopters will be the people who can afford to buy them.
1
What happens when a new technology emerges?
A.
It farther widens the gap between the old and the young.
B.
It often leads to innovations in other related fields.
C.
It contributes greatly to the advance of society as a whole.
D.
It usually draws different reactions from different age groups.
本题答案：
A
B
C
D
参考答案：
D
系统解析：
本题询问新技术出现时会发生什么情况。第 1 段第 1 句指出大家对新技术的态度是根据年龄层不同而有差异。fall along generational lines 中的 fall 在此处的意思是“发生，到来”，该短语字面义为“观点在年龄的分界线分开”，故可理解为“态度根据年龄层不同而有差异”。第 2 句话对第 1 句话作出进一步解释，提出年轻人相比老年人，更容易接受新技术，D 项意为“新技术通常在不同年龄群体引起不同反应”是对第 1 句同义改写，故为答案。
根据题干中的 driverless car 定位至第 2 段第 2 句。
2
What does the author say about the driverless car?
A.
It does not seem to create a generational divide.
B.
It will not necessarily reduce road accidents.
C.
It may start a revolution in the car industry.
D.
It has given rise to unrealistic expectations.
本题答案：
A
B
C
D
参考答案：
A
系统解析：
本题询问关于无人汽车，作者说了什么。第 2 段以带有转折让步意味的 though 开头，第 2 句提到，人们对待无人驾驶汽车的态度，好像没有明确的年龄界限(not... a clear generational divide)，也就是说人们对无人驾驶汽车所持的态度，并没有因为年龄的不同而有分歧,A 项“它似乎不会造成年龄层上的区分”与文中所述同义。
3
Why does the driverless car appeal to some old people?
A.
It saves their energy.
B.
It helps with their mobility.
C.
It adds to the safety of their travel.
D.
It stirs up their interest in life.
本题答案：
A
B
C
D
参考答案：
B
系统解析：
本题询问老年人青睐无人驾驶汽车的原因。第 4 段最后一句提到，行动受限（limited mobility）或不能独立驾驶的老年人（difficulty driving on their own），是无人驾驶汽车的用例群体，由此可推断，老年人青睐无人驾驶汽车是因为它可帮助他们出行,B 项中的 helps...mobility 是对原文 limited mobility 的反面对应，故 B 项正确。
4
What is likely to affect one's attitude toward the driverless car?
A.
The location of their residence.
B.
The field of their special interest.
C.
The amount of training they received.
D.
The length of their driving experience.
本题答案：
A
B
C
D
参考答案：
A
系统解析：
本题询问可能影响人们对无人驾驶汽车看法的因素。第 6 段首句是总起，概括性地指出影响因素都是与年龄无关的(factors not related to age)。之后在第 6 段和第 7 段列举了两个有影响力的因素，分别是受教育程度和居住地点（Where a person lives matters)，A 项“居民区的地点”与后者对应，故为正确答案。
5
Who are likely to be the first to buy the driverless car?
A.
The seniors.
B.
The educated.
C.
The wealthy.
D.
The tech fans.
本题答案：
A
B
C
D
参考答案：
C
系统解析：
本题询问谁有可能第一个买无人驾驶汽车。全文最后一句话提到，一旦无人驾驶汽车上市，早期的使用者将是那些买得起的人（people who can afford to buy them），也就是说那些富有的人才能最先买无人驾驶汽车，故 C 项“富人”正确。
In agrarian (农业的）, pre-industrial Europe, "you'd want to wake up early, start working with the sunrise, have a break to have the largest meal, and then you'd go back to work," says Ken Albala, a professor of history at the University of the Pacific. "Later, at 5 or 6, you'd have a smaller supper."
This comfortable cycle, in which the rhythms of the day helped shape the rhythms of the meals, gave rise to the custom of the large midday meal, eaten with the extended family. "Meals are the foundation of the family," says Carole Counihan, a professor at Millersville University in Pennsylvania, "so there was a very important interconnection between eating together" and strengthening family ties.
Since industrialization, maintaining such a slow cultural metabolism has been much harder, with the long midday meal shrinking to whatever could be stuffed into a lunch bucket or bought at a food stand. Certainly, there were benefits. Modem techniques for producing and shipping food led to greater variety and quantity, including a tremendous increase in the amount of animal protein and dairy products available, making us more vigorous than our ancestors.
Yet plenty has been lost too, even in cultures that still live to eat. Take Italy. It’s no secret that the Mediterranean diet is healthy, but it was also a joy to prepare and eat. Italians, says Counihan, traditionally began the day with a small meal. The big meal came at around 1 p.m. In between the midday meal and a late, smaller dinner came a small snack. Today, when time zones have less and less meaning, there is little tolerance for offices’ closing for lunch, and worsening traffic in cities means workers can't make it home and back fast enough anyway. So the formerly small supper after sundown becomes the big meal of the day, the only one at which the family has a chance to get together. "The evening meal carries the full burden that used to be spread over two meals," says Counihan.
6
What do we learn from the passage about people in pre-industrial Europe?
A.
They had to work from early morning till late at night.
B.
They were so busy working that they only ate simple meals.
C.
Their daily routine followed the rhythm of the natural cycle.
D.
Their life was much more comfortable than that of today.
本题答案：
A
B
C
D
参考答案：
C
系统解析：
本题问工业革命之前的欧洲人的相关的信息。C 项“他们的日常生活遵循自然周期的节奏”符合开头两段的内容信息。第 1 段具体介绍工业时代前欧洲人的工作和用餐日程(wake up early“早早醒来”、start working with the sunrise “太阳一出来就开始工作”等），第 2 段这是一个 comfortable cycle “令人安逸的循环”，在此循环中，日照规律(rhythms of the day)形成了人们的用餐习惯(rhythms of the meals)。由此可得出结论：当时的欧洲人工作和进食等日常生活都是根据自然规律展开的，C 项中的 rhythm of natural cycle 与原文的 rhythms of the day 对应， C 项为答案。
7
What does Professor Carole Counihan say about pre-industrial European families eating meals together?
A.
It was helpful to maintaining a nation's tradition.
B.
It brought family members closer to each other.
C.
It was characteristic of the agrarian culture.
D.
It enabled families to save a lot of money.
本题答案：
A
B
C
D
参考答案：
B
系统解析：
本题与工业化前的欧洲家庭成员一起吃饭的情况有关。根据第 2 段第 2 句可知，Carole Counihan 教授认为，用餐是家庭的基础，一起吃饭和增强家庭联系之间有重要的关联（important interconnection between eating together and strengthening family ties)。B 项“它让家庭成员彼此之间更亲密了”与其中的 strengthening family ties “增强家庭成员之间的联系”一致。
8
What does "cultural metabolism" (Line 1，Para.3) refer to?
A.
Evolutionary adaptation.
B.
Changes in lifestyle.
C.
Social progress.
D.
Pace of life.
本题答案：
A
B
C
D
参考答案：
D
系统解析：
本题问第 3 段首句中的“文化新陈代谢”指什么。本题属于推测词义题，提问词前后的信息对理解非常重要。根据第 3 段首句的前半句，工业化后，维持这样缓慢的“文化新陈代谢”已变得困难得多。根据语义判断，该句是承接上段的过渡句，而上段主要谈论工业化前欧洲人的日常生活模式。即“文化新陈代谢”指的是上文提到的信息。因此可推断“文化新陈代谢”指的是工业化前的生活模式或生活节奏。D 项“生活节奏”符合原文信息。
9
What does the author think of the food people eat today?
A.
Its quality is usually guaranteed.
B.
It is varied, abundant and nutritious.
C.
It is more costly than what our ancestors ate.
D.
Its production depends too much on technology.
本题答案：
A
B
C
D
参考答案：
B
系统解析：
本题问作者认为如今人们吃的食物怎么样。根据第 3 段最后一句“现代技术让饮食更丰富，也更多样化，包括动物蛋白和奶制品数量的显著提高”，可知作者认为现代饮食丰富多样，富有营养。B 项“多样、丰富、有营养”正确，其中的 varied 与原文的 greater variety 对应，abundant 与 greater variety 对应，nutritious 则与原文说的营养品数量的上升和 vigorous“精力充沛”对应。
10
What does the author say about Italians of the old days?
A.
They enjoyed cooking as well as eating.
B.
They ate a big dinner late in the evening.
C.
They ate three meals regularly every day.
D.
They were expert at cooking meals.
本题答案：
A
B
C
D
参考答案：
A
系统解析：
本题询问作者对古代意大利人有何评价。A 项“他们既享受烹饪也享受美食”与最后一段第 3 句后半句提到的“准备饭菜和用餐曾经也是一种享受”(a joy to prepare and eat)，因为此句时态为一般过去时，所以准备饭菜和用餐是一种享受，指的是古代意大利人的行为。A 项为正确答案。
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