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It is rare for a tale of academic mismanagement in a small institution to grab national attention. But Sciences-Po is no ordinary university. The four most recent French presidents, including Francois Hollande, 1 studied there. In the heart of the Parisian left bank, it attracts top-rated students and staff. And it has been 1 without a head since its former director, Richard Descoings, died suddenly in April in a New York hotel room.
Now a report on Sciences-Po by the national auditor that talks of " management failure and numerous violations" has sparked furious debate. Critics have seized on managerial extravagance. Aggrieved students, whose tuition fees have risen sharply 9 have denounced excessive pay. Others have called for board resignations. And the higher-education minister, Genevieve Fioraso, has rejected Sciences-Po's choice of successor——HerveCres, its deputy director and imposed a caretaker.
Sciences-Po is an odd creature. The state finances half its budget, but the school is run by a private | foundation and is thus unconstrained by rules about selection, fees and salary caps that bind other public I universities. Between 2005 and 2010, the school’s budget jumped by over 60%，the state subsidy rose by a J third and Sciences-Po more than doubled its student intake, to 3，500. But, says the auditor, it added too many administrative staff, paid them and faculty members too much (Descoings earned 537,247 or $711,585 in 2010) and also took on "risky debt". The mismanagement, admits one professor, was "scandalous" .
Sciences-Po says it will clean things up and improve transparency. But the debate has broadened： should it return to its old role as a public-service feeder for the Ecole Nationale D，Administration ( ENA) , the top civil-service graduate school? Or should Sciences-Po continue with Descoings's project to turn it into an American-style university that competes globally for students and researchers?
For all his faults, Descoings boldly took on the French establishment. He built exchanges with American universities and lured foreign students to Paris, He recruited students from heavily immigrant suburbs. And he got the school to set up new research centers, such as an economics department. He did all this with a flexibility over recruitment that the French university establishment disliked, "It is very difficult to attract the best and maintain a center excellence without this autonomy，" says another faculty member, fretful that it could now be compromised.
The trouble is that in the conservative mind, the scandal of Sciences-Po mismanagement has undermined its credibility. The old elite may now have a stronger hand against the international-minded inheritors of Descoings. Ms Fioraso wants a new director to be chosen by January. The caretaker who must find one happens to be a former ENA classmate of Mr. Hollande's.
1
What is implied but NOT stated in the first paragraph is that_____.
A.
Sciences-Po's academic mismanagement has drawn national attention
B.
President Francois Holland was the student of Sciences-Po
C.
Sciences-Po attracts excellent students and employees
D.
Richard Descoings was the previous head of Sciences-Po
本题答案：
A
B
C
D
参考答案：
A
系统解析：
推理题。文章第一段第一句表明小型机构教学管理不善的事件很少会引起全国的关注，第二句中的“but”与第一句形成转折关系并提到巴黎政治学院不是普通的大学，由此推知，巴黎政治学院的教学管理不善已引起全国的关注，所以选A.。B.“总统弗朗索瓦?奥朗德曾是巴黎政治学院的学生”、C.“巴黎政治学院吸引优秀的学生和员工”和D.“理査德?德库安是巴黎政治学院的前院长”在第一段均有所提及，故排除。
2
What does the word "aggrieved" mean in Paragraph 2?
A.
Angry.
B.
Aggressive.
C.
Sad.
D.
Recruited.
本题答案：
A
B
C
D
参考答案：
A
系统解析：
语义题。“aggrieved”在文中修饰“学生们”，文章第二段第三句表明学生们由于学费猛增而谴责收费过高，由此推知，学生的态度应该是非常气愤的，所以选A.。B.“好斗的”、C.“悲伤的” 和D.“被招收的”均不符合此处语义，故排除。
3
It can be inferred from the third paragraph that_____.
A.
Sciences-Po is funded and operated by the state
B.
universities are restricted by the regulations about pay caps
C.
the financial aids from the state were decreased from 2005 to 2010
D.
Richard Descoings was overpaid in 2010
本题答案：
A
B
C
D
参考答案：
D
系统解析：
推理题。文章第三段第四句提到巴黎政治学院付给行政人员以及教职员工过高的薪水，并以德库安2010年的薪水为例，由此推出德库安在2010年的报酬过高，所以D.为正确答案。A.“巴黎政治学院由国家资助和运营”与第三段第二句中提到的学院是由一家私人基金会运营的意思相反，故排除；第三段第二句指出国家资助其一半的预算，但学院是由一家私人基金会运营的，因此不受与招聘、费用和工资上限有关规定的约束，而这些规定约束了其他的公立大学，即一般的公立大学会受到上述约束，并非所有大学，因此B.“大学受到关于工资上限规定的约束”为过度推断；由第二段第三句可知，在2005年至2010年期间，该学院的预算上涨了60%，国家补助增加了三分之一，并且巴黎政治学院的新生人数翻了一倍多，达到3500人，可知C.不正确，故排除。
4
Which of the following is NOT among the achievements of Descoings?
A.
Starting exchanges with universities in the US.
B.
Attracting overseas students to Paris.
C.
Enrolling lots of immigrant students.
D.
Establishing new research centers.
本题答案：
A
B
C
D
参考答案：
C
系统解析：
细节题。由第五段第三句可知，德库安从移民众多的郊区招生，而不是招收大量的移民学生，C.和文中的意思不符，故为正确答案。该段第二句提到徳库安建立了与美国大学之间的交流，并将外国学生吸引到巴黎，所以A.“与美国大学开始交流”和B.“将外国学生吸引到巴黎”符合文意；该段第四句表明德库安让学院建立了新的研究中心，如经济系，因此D.“建立新的研究中心”也与文意相符。
5
Descoings's philosophy of schooling is_____.
A.
conservative
B.
open-minded
C.
neutral
D.
out-of-date
本题答案：
A
B
C
D
参考答案：
B
系统解析：
推理题。从文章第五段德库安所取得的成就以及最后—段第二句中“international-minded inheritors of Descoings”可知，德库安的办学理念是开放的，所以选B.。[ A] “保守的”、C.“中立;；的”和D.“过时的”均不符合文意。
Student loans are based on a simple idea: that a graduate's future flow of earnings will more than cover the costs of doing a degree. But with unemployment rates in parts of the rich world at post-war highs, that may no longer hold true for many people. The consequences will be felt by everybody.
All over the world student indebtedness is causing problems witness this month's violent protests in Chile. In Britain, according to a recent parliamentary report, rising university fees mean that student debt is likely to treble to ￡70 billion by 2015. But, partly because higher education there is so expensive, the scale of the problem is far greater in America. When the next official estimates of outstanding student debt there are published, it is expected to be close to $1 trillion，higher than credit-card borrowing. Credit quality in other classes of consumer debt has been improving; delinquency rates on student loans are rising.
Many of the anti-Wall Street protesters push the idea of blanket debt forgiveness as a solution. But that is the wrong answer. Higher education is not a guarantee of employment, but it improves the odds immensely. Unemployment rates among university graduates stood at 4.4% on average across OECD countries in 2009. People who did not complete secondary school faced unemployment rates of 11.5%. Much of the debt that students are taking on is provided or guaranteed by the government. Imposing write-offs on all taxpayers to benefit those with the best job prospects is unfair；and ripping up contracts between borrowers and private lenders is usually a bad idea.
That said, student-loan systems in America and elsewhere are often badly designed for an extended period of high unemployment. In contrast to the housing crash, the risk from student debt is not of a sudden explosion in losses but of gradual financial suffocation. The pressure needs to be eased.
One option is to change the bankruptcy laws. In America, Britain and elsewhere, these treat student debt as a special case: unlike other forms of debt, it cannot be wiped out. If student debt is not to bound existing graduates and put off future ones, the rules could be changed so that it is dischargeable in bankruptcy. Yet the reasoning behind the current bankruptcy provisions is logical enough: education is an asset that cannot be repossessed and that keeps on benefiting the individual through his or her lifetime. Some worry that graduates would rush to declare bankruptcy, handing losses to taxpayers.
So a second option is preferable. Many countries, America included, have designed student debt primarily as a mortgage-like obligation: it is repaid to a fixed schedule. Other places, like Britain and Australia, make student-loan repayments contingent (依情况而定的）on reaching an income threshold so that the prospect of taking on debt is more acceptable to people from poorer backgrounds. That approach makes sense, especially when jobs are scarce. Barack Obama this week proposed to limit loan payments for some struggling American graduates to 10% of discretionary (任意的）income and forgive outstanding debt after 20 years. Income-based repayment ought to become the norm.
Both changes would lead to a repricing of student debt. That would be a bad thing for taxpayers, but a good thing overall. If such information were made public, other useful data would follow—on the average financial returns to graduates of specific subjects, for example. Those studying less profitable subjects would have to pay more, or be subsidised more. It would be a controversial approach, but a more educated one.
6
We can learn from the first two paragraphs that_____?
A.
high unemployment rates make it hard for students to get loans
B.
rising university fees is a valid way to balance the student loans
C.
student indebtedness has become an increasingly tricky issue
D.
credit quality has been improved including student debts
本题答案：
A
B
C
D
参考答案：
C
系统解析：
推理题。根据第一段的内容可知，自二战以来，失业率屡创新高，助学贷款引发的学生债务问题日益严峻，并且提到每个人都会感受到它带来的严重后果；第二段具体陈述了各个国家学生的助学贷款问题，由此可知，C.“学生债务已成为一个日益棘手的问題”为正确答案。第一段第二句提到失业率自二战以来创下新高，但没有说学生因此难以申请到贷款，故排除A.。第二段提到，在英国，高涨的学费意味着学生债务有可能到2015年增至700亿美元，由此可知，涨学费不能解决学生的债务问题，故排除B.；根据第二段最后一句可知，在消费者债务的其他领域，信用质量一直在提高，而学生贷款的拖欠率还在继续攀升，[D ]陈述错误，故排除。
7
What does the phrase "blanket debt forgiveness" in Paragraph 3 probably mean?
A.
Debt elimination to high-school drop-outs.
B.
Debt forgiveness to indebted college graduates.
C.
Debt tolerance to those who have no jobs.
D.
Debt cancelling to excellent degree owners.
本题答案：
A
B
C
D
参考答案：
B
系统解析：
语义题。作者在第三段第一句提到很多反华尔街的抗议者们拥护blanket debt forgiveness的解决办法，接下来作者证明了该措施的不妥之处，认为高等教育确实提高了毕业生就业的几率；作者在本段第六、七句接着提到大部分的学生贷款是由政府提供或担保的。把免除债务强加给所有的纳税人，从而让这些拥有最好就业前景的人受益，这是不公平的；撕毁借款人与私人放贷者之间的合约也是个糟糕的主意，故推出“blanket debt forgiveness”指的是一种全部免除学生债务的方式，故B.为正确答案。
8
In order to relieve the financial pressure brought by student loans, which option the author recommended is better?
A.
Student protesting the unfair repayment practices.
B.
Changing the current bankruptcy laws.
C.
Students repaying the loans on an income-basis.
D.
The government prolonging the repayment time.
本题答案：
A
B
C
D
参考答案：
C
系统解析：
细节题。第四段提到学生贷款问题亟须解决，并在第五、六段给出详细的解决办法。作者在第五段提到的第一个解决方案为：修改破产法，接下来分析了这个方案存在的一些问题：贷款者可能争相宣告破产，而将损失转嫁给纳税人；作者在第六段提到了第二个解决方案：将学生债务设计成按揭抵押式的职责——按固定的时间表还款，并以收入作为偿还额的主要参照，并分析出方案二是更合理和可行的，可知C.为正确答案，同时排除B.。A.和D.在文中并未提及，故排除。
9
In the last paragraph，the author concludes that_____.
A.
repricing student debts would be constructive and sensible
B.
taxpayers would also welcome a reduction in student debts
C.
students studying less profitable subjects would benefit most
D.
the whole society has settled the dispute over student debts
本题答案：
A
B
C
D
参考答案：
A
系统解析：
推理题。文章最后一段前两句提到，以上两种方案都会导致学生债务的重新定价。对纳税人而言这不是个好消息，但总的来说还是一件好事以及最后一句提到的给学生债务重新定价将是有争议的一步，但却是更理性的，由此可知，A.“重新定价学生债务是建设性的、合情理的”准确概括了作者的意思，故为正确答案。根据本段第二句可知，纳税人可能并不欢迎这样的政策变动，故排除B.；本段第四句提到，那些冷门专业的毕业生可能会支付更多，或接受更多的政府资助，由此可知，C.的陈述过于绝对化，故排除；本段最后一句提到怎样解决日益严重的学生债务依然是有争议的， 由此可知，D.“全社会已就学生债务的争论达成一致”陈述错误，故排除。
10
Which of the following is the best title for the passage?
A.
Student Loan—a Financial Evil
B.
The Future of Student Loans
C.
Student indebtedness and Its Causes
D.
Solutions to Problems of Student Indebtedness
本题答案：
A
B
C
D
参考答案：
D
系统解析：
主旨题。本文第一、二段陈述了目前由助学贷款引发的日益严重的学生债务问题，及其具体的表现；第三段阐述了解决该问题的措施，接下来分析了该措施的不可行性；第四段提到了解决助学贷款问题的必要性并在第五段提出了两个解决方案，并逐一进行分析，得出方案二更加合理和可行；最后一段，作者总结和预测了实施这两种方案的前景，得f到的收益和可能存在的阻力等。综上所述，D.“应对日益严重的学生债务问题的解决方案”最能概括本文主旨，故为正确答案。A.“助学贷款——一个经济恶魔”、B.“助学贷款的未来之路”和C.“学生债务及其原因”都是文章提及的内容，但都不能概括主旨，故均排除。
Children as young as four will study Shakespeare in a project being launched today by the Royal Shakespeare Company.
The RSC is holding its first national conference for primary school teachers to encourage them to use the Bard’s plays imaginatively in the classroom from reception classes onwards. The conference will be told that they should learn how Shakespearian characters like Puck in A Midsummer Night’s Dream are “jolly characters” and how to write about them.
At present, the national curriculum does not require pupils to approach Shakespeare until secondary school. All it says is that pupils should study “texts drawn from a variety of cultures and traditions” and “myths, legends and traditional stories”.
However, educationists at the RSC believe children will gain a better appreciation of Shakespeare if they are introduced to him at a much younger age. “Even very young children can enjoy Shakespeare’s plays,” said Mary Johnson, head of the learning department. “It is just a question of pitching it for the age group. Even reception classes and key stage one pupils (five- to seven-year-olds) can enjoy his stories. For instance, if you build up Puck as a character who skips, children of that age can enjoy the character. They can be inspired by Puck and they could even start writing about him at that age. ”
It is die RSC’s belief that building the Bard up as a fun playwright in primary school could counter some of the negative images conjured up about teaching Shakespeare in secondary schools. Then, pupils have to concentrate on scenes from the plays to answer questions for compulsory English national-curriculum tests for 14-year-olds. Critics of the tests have complained that pupils no longer have the time to study or read the whole play—and therefore lose interest in Shakespeare.
However, Ms. Johnson is encouraging teachers to present 20-mimite version of the plays——a classroom version of the Royal Shakespeare Company’s Complete Works of Shakespeare {Abridged) which told his 37 plays in 97 minutes—to give pupils a flavour of the whole drama.
The BSC’s venture coincides with a call for school to allow pupils to be more creative in writing about Shakespeare. Professor Kate McLuskie, the new director of the University of Birmingham’s Shakespeare institute—also based in Stratford——said it was time to get away from the idea that there was “a right answer" to any question about Shakespeare. Her first foray into the world of Shakespeare was to berate him as a misogynist in a 1985 essay but she now insists this should not be interpreted as a criticism of hi? works—although she admits; “I probably wouldn’t have written it quite the same way if I had been writing it now. What we should be doing in making sure that someone is getting something out of Shakespeare, “she said. People are very scared about getting the right answer. I know it’s difficult but I don’t care if they come up with a right answer that I cm agree with about Shakespeare.
11
What is the passage mainly concerned with?
A.
How to give pupils a flavour of Shakespeare drama.
B.
The fun of reading Shakespeare.
C.
RSC project will teach children how to write on Shakespeare.
D.
RSC project will help four-year-old children find the fun in Shakespeare.
本题答案：
A
B
C
D
参考答案：
D
系统解析：
主旨题。文章第一段“Children as young as four will study Shakespeare in a project being launched today by the Royal Shakespeare Company. ”点明了文章的中心是讲皇家莎士比亚公司计划从四岁大的孩子开始培养他们对莎士比亚戏剧的了解和热爱，所以D.为正确答案。
12
What’s Puck’s characteristic according to your understanding of the passage?
A.
Rude, rush and impolite.
B.
Happy, interesting and full of fun.
C.
Dull, absurd and ridiculous.
D.
Shrewd, cunning and tricky.
本题答案：
A
B
C
D
参考答案：
B
系统解析：
推理题。文中第二段“ ...how Shakespearian characters like Puck in A Midsummer Night's Dream are ’ jolly characters' and how to write about them. ”提到，Puck是莎士比亚剧作《仲夏夜之梦》中的喜剧人物，并且该角色是推荐给孩子们欣赏、学习的，据此可以推测该人物的性格应该是快乐、有趣，并且很讨孩子们喜欢的，所以B.是正确答案。
13
Which of the following In INCORRECT according to the passage?
A.
The RSC insists on teaching Shakespeare from the secondary school.
B.
Pupils should study “text drawn from a variety of cultures and traditions" required by the national curriculum
C.
RSC project will teach children how to write on Shakespeare.
D.
RSC project will help four-year-old children find the fun in Shakespeare.
本题答案：
A
B
C
D
参考答案：
A
系统解析：
细节题。从第二段“The RSC is holding its first national conference for primary school teachers to encourage them to use the Bard’s plays imaginatively in the classroom from reception classes onwards. ” 可知，皇家莎士比亚公司极力主张从小就培养孩子对莎士比亚戏剧的认识，所以A.的说法不正确， 故为答案。
14
Ms. Johnson encourages teachers to present 20-minute versions of the plays in order to_____.
A.
introduce them into the world of Shakespeare
B.
deal with the final examination on Shakespeare
C.
give pupils a flavour of the whole drama
D.
strengthen the students with the knowledge of Shakespeare
本题答案：
A
B
C
D
参考答案：
C
系统解析：
细节题。从文章第六段“ However, Ms. Johnson is encouraging teachers to present 20-minute versions of the plays...to give pupils a flavor of the whole drama. ”可以明确得出C.为正确答案。
15
Which of the following is INCORRECT according to the last paragraph?
A.
Professor Kate McLuskie once scolded Shakespeare in her essay.
B.
Professor Kate McLuskie insisted on her view on Shakespeare till now.
C.
Professor Kate McLuskie has changed her idea now.
D.
Ms. Kate thinks it was time to get away from the idea that there was “a right answer to any question about Shakespeare.
本题答案：
A
B
C
D
参考答案：
B
系统解析：
细节题。文章最后一段通过凯特教授提出了如何阅读莎士比亚的问題。从“although she admits: ‘I probably wouldn’t have written it quite the same way if I had been writing it now.可知，她曾经在早年写文章认为莎士比亚是位厌女主义者，但是现在她已不从这个角度看待莎士比亚及其作品了，这说明她的看法改变了，因此B.的说法是错误的，所以B.是正确答案。
According to the American College Health Association's most recent annual national survey, 30 percent of college students reported feeling "so depressed that it was difficult to function" at some time over the past year. Nearly three fourths of respondents in a 2011 National Alliance on Mental Illness study of college students diagnosed with mental health conditions said they experienced a mental health crisis while in school. The Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) and other federal disability laws prohibit discrimination against students whose psychiatric (精神病的）disabilities substantially limit a major life activity" and mandates that colleges and universities provide them with "reasonable accommodations"一such as lower course loads and extended deadlines.
Despite that very clearly stated law, dozens of current students across the country told Newsweek they were punished for seeking help: kicked out of campus housing with nowhere else to go，abruptly forced to withdraw from school and even involuntarily committed to psychiatric wards. " Colleges are very accustomed to accommodating learning and physical disabilities, but they don't understand simple ways of accommodating mental health disabilities, " says Professor Peter Lake，an expert on higher education law and policy who sees widespread fear and reluctance across the board to "promote diversity that encompasses mental disabilities and mood disorders. " Lake often tells skeptics about a man who suffered from clinical depression and constantly talked about suicide: The name was Abraham Lincoln. "We don't want to remove these people，" Lake says. "We want to expand the definition of diversity to make sure they，re included. "
Most lifetime cases of mental health conditions begin by the age of 24，and thanks to a variety of factors, including rising antidepressant (抗抑郁药）prescription rates and stigma reduction efforts, college students are more and more likely to ask campus counselors for assistance. The number of students seeking counseling for "severe" psychological problems jumped from 16 percent in 2000 to 39 percent in 2012; the percentage of students who report suicidal thoughts has risen along with it.
"Schools should encourage students to seek treatment. But a lot of policies I see involve excessive use of discipline and involuntary leaves of absence，and they discourage students from asking for the help they need，" says Karen Bower, a private attorney who specializes in disability discrimination cases in higher education. " Ultimately, that makes the campus less safe."
Two large-scale studies found that around 10 percent of college student respondents had thought about Suicide in the past year, but only 1.5 percent admitted to having made a suicide attempt. Combined with data from other studies, that suggests that the odds that a student with suicidal thoughts will actually commit suicide are 1,000 to 1. "Thus，policies that impose restrictions on students who manifest suicidal thought will sweep in 999 students who would not commit suicide for every student who will end his or her life, " Paul S. Appelbaum writes in Law & Psychiatry： "Depressed? Get Out!"
"Colleges don't want people who are suicidal around, so what's supposed to happen to them?" says Ira Burnim，legal director of the DC Bazelon Center for Mental Health Law. "We，re going to lock them in a bomb shelter?" Kicking students off campus for mental health issues typically does more harm than good by isolating them from their support systems when what they really need is stability and empathy, he says. Moreover, it's often a completely unnecessary overreaction.
16
According to the passage，which of the following statements is INCORRECT?
A.
30% of college students suffered from serious depression last year.
B.
Nearly 75% of students experienced mental health problems in school.
C.
There are some law clauses to forbid discrimination on mental disabilities.
D.
Students with mental health problems can have lower academic loads.
本题答案：
A
B
C
D
参考答案：
B
系统解析：
细节题。第一段第二句提到，2011年，被心理疾病联盟诊断为心理健康状况不佳的大学生中, 有接近四分之三的受访者称曾在学校经历过心理健康危机。由此可知，只是受访者中有75%的学生曾在学校中经历过心理危机，而不是所有学生的75%，B.扩大了范围，故为答案。根据第一段第一句可知，根据美国大学健康协会最新年度的全国调查，有30%的学生称，在过去的一年中，有些时候会感到“如此沮丧，难以正常生活”，故排除A.；根据第一段第三句可知，《美国残疾人法案》和其他联邦残疾法规都有规定，不得对“严重影响主要生活活动”的精神残疾学生有所歧视，并要求院校为他们进行“合理的调整”，比如减轻课业压力、延长最后期限，故排除C.和D.。
17
Students with mental disabilities might be punished in the following ways EXCEPT_____.
A.
getting out of campus dorms
B.
dropping out of schools
C.
staying in psychiatric wards
D.
prolonging academic years
本题答案：
A
B
C
D
参考答案：
D
系统解析：
细节题。第二段第一句提到，有精神问题的学生会因为寻求帮助而受到惩罚:他们被赶出学校宿舍，以至于无处可去，毫无征兆地被勒令退学，甚至被强制送去精神科病房，分别对应A.、B.和 C.，故均排除，因此选D.。
18
Increasing college students turn to professional counselors for help because_____.
A.
great efforts have been made to weaken the feeling of disgrace
B.
it is encouraged to decrease the dose of medicine
C.
it is more economical for students with no income
D.
mental health conditions become more severe than before
本题答案：
A
B
C
D
参考答案：
A
系统解析：
细节题。根据第三段第一句可知，多亏一些因素，包括抗抑郁处方受众率的提高及减少歧视的努力，大学生越来越愿意向咨询师寻求帮助，故选A.，同时排除B.。C.和D.均未提及，故排除。
19
Karen Bower believes that_____.
A.
stricter discipline should be applied to solve mental health problems
B.
campus safety problems are getting more and more serious
C.
discouraging students from asking for help leads to safety problems
D.
students have many ways to deal with mental health crises
本题答案：
A
B
C
D
参考答案：
C
系统解析：
推理题。第四段提到，很多政策都有过度惩罚和强制学生离校之嫌，而且学校不鼓励学生寻求应有的帮助。最终，这会让学校更加不安全。由此可推知，不鼓励学生寻求帮助会导致安全问题，故选C.，同时排除A.、B.和D.在文中并未提及，故排除。
20
According to Paragraph 5，it can be concluded that_____.
A.
suicide should be taken as the most serious issue
B.
10% of students have made a suicide attempt
C.
most of the students with suicidal thought will never do it
D.
schools should impose severe restrictions on the suicide issue
本题答案：
A
B
C
D
参考答案：
C
系统解析：
推理题。第五段第二句提到，与其他的研究数据结合起来看，这一差距说明，在有过自杀想法的人中，只有千分之一的人最终自杀了，故选在文中并未提及，故排除；根据第五段第一句可知，有大约10%的大学生受访者曾想过自杀，同时，仅有1.5%的人坦然承认曾有过自杀的尝试，故排除B.；D.在文中没有提及，故排除。
21
How does Ira Burnim think about expelling students with mental health issues from schools?
A.
It is the only choice for schools and students.
B.
It will make these students lack the support.
C.
It will force students to commit suicide.
D.
It will have a negative impact on schools，reputation.
本题答案：
A
B
C
D
参考答案：
B
系统解析：
态度题。第六段提到，艾拉·伯尼姆认为把精神健康有问题的学生踢出学校弊大于利，这就把他们隔离于可以提供支援的系统之外，他们真正需要的是安定感和同理心。而且，这常常是一种完全没有必要的过度反应，故选文中并未提及这种做法在如今是否是不可避免的，故排除 A.；C.和D.在文中均未提及，故排除。
All over the world, your chances of success in school and life depend more on your family circumstances than on any other factor. By age three，kids with professional parents are already a full year ahead of their poorer peers. They know twice as many words and score 40 points higher on IQ tests. By age 10, the gap is three years. By then，some poor children have not mastered basic reading and math skills, and many never will：this is the age at which failure starts to become irreversible.
A few school systems seem to have figured out how to erase these gaps. Finland ensures that every child completes basic education and meets a rigorous standard. One Finnish district official, asked about the number of children who don't complete school in her city, replied，"I can tell you their names if you want." In the United States, KIPP charter schools enroll students from the poorest families and ensure that almost every one of them graduates high school——80 percent make it to college. Singapore narrowed its achievement gap among ethnic minorities from 17 percent to 5 percent over 20 years.
These success stories offer lessons to the rest of us. First, get children into school early. High-quality pres-chooling does more for a child's chances in school and life than any other educational intervention. One study, which began in the 1960s，tracked two groups of students from disadvantaged backgrounds. Some were given the opportunity to attend a high-quality pre-school; others were not. Thirty-five years later, the kids who went to pre-school earned more, had better jobs，and were less likely to have been in prison or divorced.
Second, recognize that the average kid spends about half his waking hours up until the age of 18 outside of school一don't ignore that time. KIPP students spend 60 percent more time in school than the average American students. They arrive earlier, leave later, attend more regularly, and even go to school every other Saturday. Similarly, in 1996, Chile extended its school day to add the equivalent of more than two more years of schooling.
Third, pour lots of effort to train teachers. Studies in the United States have shown that kids with the most effective teachers learn three times as much as those with the least effective. Systems such as Singapore's are choosy about recruiting; they invest in training and continuing education; they evaluate teachers regularly, and they award bonuses only to the top performers.
Finally，recognize the value of individualized attention. In Finland, kids who start to struggle receive one-on-one support from their teachers. Roughly one in three Finnish students also gets extra help from a tutor each year. If we can learn the lesson of what works, we can build on it.
22
Compared with their peers，kids with professional parents learn much more because they_____.
A.
have good memory for vocabulary
B.
have better family financial conditions
C.
achieve higher grades on IQ tests
D.
use basic reading and math skills flexibly
本题答案：
A
B
C
D
参考答案：
B
系统解析：
细节题。第一段前两句提到，孩子在学校和生活中能否获得成功，更多地取决于其家庭经济条件到三岁时，比较专业的家长所教养的孩子在知识方面已经比来自贫穷家庭的同龄孩子提前了一年。可见，比较专业的家长所教养的孩子能够学到更多东西的原因是B.“拥有更好的家庭经济条件”A.“善于记单词”和C.“在IQ测试中取得更高的成绩”是比较专业的家长教养出来的孩子。所具有的优秀表现，面不是原因；文中只是说到十岁时家庭条件比较差的孩子未能掌握基本的阅读和数学技巧，并未说比较专业的家长所教养的孩子能灵活地使用这些技巧，所以排除D.。
23
What can we infer from the Finnish district officials reply in Paragraph 2?
A.
She expressed a desire to show off her good memory.
B.
She is willing to offer the information at any time.
C.
Her job requires her to remember all the students' names
D.
The basic education is paid much attention to in Finland.
本题答案：
A
B
C
D
参考答案：
D
系统解析：
推理题。第二段提到，一些教育体系似乎找到了消除这种差距的方法，芬兰确保每个孩子完成基础教育并能达到严格的标准。可知，芬兰是重视基础教育的，所以D.“基础教育在芬兰很受重视”是正确答案。A.“她想要炫耀自己良好的记忆力”、B.“她乐意随时提供信息”和C.“她的工作要求她记住所有学生的名字”均不符合文意，故排除。
24
The most important educational factor for a child to achieve success in school and life is to_____.
A.
receive a good and early pre-schooling
B.
prolong his or her learning tune in school
C.
get instruction from more excellent teachers
D.
get person-to-person help from the teachers
本题答案：
A
B
C
D
参考答案：
A
系统解析：
细节题。第三段提到，上文的成功案例给了我们很多启示。首先是让孩子早些人学。高质量的学前教育比其他教育因素更能帮助孩子在学校和生活中取得成功。可知，A.“尽早受到良好的学前教育”是孩子在学校和生活中取得成功的最重要的因素，故为正确答案。B.“延长孩子的在校学习时间”、C.“受到更加优秀教师的教导”和D.“得到教师一对一的帮助”是本文谈及的另外三条次要经验，均不符合题目要求，故排除。
25
Which of the following is INCORRECT about Singapore's educational system?
A.
They spend money in training teacher.
B.
They give periodic assessment to teachers.
C.
They are strict about recruiting teachers.
D.
They give rewards to all the teachers.
本题答案：
A
B
C
D
参考答案：
D
系统解析：
细节题。第五段第三句提到，新加坡的教育系统在招聘教师时非常挑剔；他们投资教师培训和继续教育；定期评估教师；只给表现最好的教师发奖金。可知，D.“给所有的教师发奖金”陈述错误，故为正确答案。A.“花更多钱培训教师”、B.“对教师进行定期评估”和C.“招聘教师时很挑剔”都是对原文的同义转述，均符合文意，故排除。
26
What does the passage mainly discuss?
A.
The importance of family economic conditions to kids，success in study and life.
B.
The achievement gap between children from wealthy families and poorer ones.
C.
Some countries having achieved success in erasing the gap between children completely.
D.
How to narrow the achievement gap between kids from different family backgrounds.
本题答案：
A
B
C
D
参考答案：
D
系统解析：
主旨题。本文首先阐明不同家庭背景的孩子在学习和生活中所取得的成就存在着差异，并分析了产生这一现象的原因，然后列举了几个国家消除该差异的成功案例，最后从中总结出解决这一问题的四条经验，所以D.“如何减小不同家庭背景的孩子的学业差异”正是本文所讨论的中心。 A.“家庭经济条件对孩子在学习和生活中取得成功的重要性”只是第一段所阐述的内容，故排除；B.“来自于窗有家庭和贫穷家庭的孩子所取得的成就差异”是本文第一段所讲述的现象，故排除；C.“一些国家在完全消除差异这方面已取得成就”这一观点不完全正确，这些国家并未完全消除差异，只是弄淸楚了知何消除差异，并取得了一些成绩和经验，故排除。
If you didn't know any better, you might mistake the Newark Earthworks in southern Ohio for the product of some giant heaven spirit who went crazy with an Etch A Sketch. The Earthworks are actually a series of huge geometric mounds that anthropologists believe were created two millennia ago by ancestors of Native Americans called the Hopewell people. The most significant feature still standing is known as the Octagon (八角广场）, which has 550-foot-long earthen walls and a footprint big enough to hold four Roman Colosseums (古罗马的圆形大剧场).The structure is connected, via two parallel embankments, to a perfect, 20-acre circle. Together the two shapes form a sophisticated astronomical observatory scientists have discovered that the structure is precisely aligned with the 18. 6-year lunar cycle's northernmost moonrise. The residents of Newark will tell you that it is also precisely aligned with the ninth fairway at the private Moundbuilders Country Club.
The Earthworks are a National Historic Landmark, and they are under consideration for the UNESCO World Heritage list of cultural and natural wonders. But if you want to see them well, you're too late. During the golf season, everyone but club members is kept out, except on four visiting days. Let's not condemn the club so fast. The club, which since 1910 has occupied the Octagon and covered all maintenance costs, is widely credited with preventing the place from being plowed under. The issue is how to accommodate nonmembers who want more access, especially for Native American ceremonial purposes.
Most visitors end up seeing only a tiny part of the Octagon from a small observation deck. Or they can follow the asphalt cart path that winds past the swimming pool, an old tennis court, and a parking lot to reach a chain-link fence through which, off in the distance，they can glimpse the loaf-shaped mound known as the Observatory. Several years ago the financially strapped Ohio Historical Society, which owns the Earthworks, extended the club's lease until 2078. If the World Heritage site nomination goes through, tourism would undoubtedly jump. That would certainly put more pressure on the club and historical society. One frequently suggested scenario for the federal government to buy out the club End turn the Newark Earthworks into a national park.
Some people simply refuse to be intimidated by men wearing spiky (尖的）shoes and pastel (淡色的）shirts. Cherokee elder Barbara Crandell has climbed the Observatory to pray for more than two decades一but not once，the octogenarian is proud to point out, when the golf course has dictated. She goes when her heart calls. A few years ago, after Crandell, with the aid of a cane, made her way to the top, club officials showed up and asked her to leave. When she refused, she was arrested and later convicted of trespassing. Friends raised money and paid off her $883 fine and court costs in Sacagawea dollar coins.
27
According to the first paragraph, the Newark Earthworks are_____.
A.
the product of some giant celestial spirit who went crazy with an Etch A Sketch
B.
a series of huge geometric mounds that the Hopewell people created two millennia ago
C.
the Octagon and a perfect 20-acre circle which it is connected to
D.
the structure that is precisely aligned with the 18. 6-year lunar cycle’s northernmost moonrise
本题答案：
A
B
C
D
参考答案：
B
系统解析：
细节题。第一段提到，两千多年前建造的俄亥俄州南部纽瓦克的土方工程是由一系列巨大的几何形土堤构成的，其中最重要的遗迹是八角广场和它所连接的一个圆圈，每当月亮完成一次18.6 年的月运周期时，这个地面建筑便正对准它的最北端，可见，B.是符合题意的。
28
The author's view about the golf club is that it______.
A.
makes contributions to prevent the place from being plowed under
B.
should be blamed because the non-members are kept out of the Earthworks
C.
should allow the non-members to see the place during the golf season
D.
should be bought out by the federal government and turned into a national park
本题答案：
A
B
C
D
参考答案：
A
系统解析：
推理题。文中第二段作者认为，虽然在高尔夫季节非会员不允许入内，但我们也不能盲目谴责他们，毕竟是他们使用这个地方以来，一直都是他们在维护它而使这个古迹免遭犁埋，所以A.是符合作者观点的。
29
According to Paragraph 3, the following claims are correct EXCEPT that____.
A.
most visitors can see only a tiny part of the Octagon
B.
the loaf-shaped mound is far from the chain-link fence
C.
it would put more pressure on the club if the nomination goes through
D.
the only way to protect the place is that the government buys out the club
本题答案：
A
B
C
D
参考答案：
D
系统解析：
细节题。文章第三段提到这是一个被频繁建议的方案，而不是唯一的方法，所以D.不符合文意，故为正确答案。A.“大部分游客只能看见八角广场的一小部分”与本段第一句意思是相同的，故排除；B.考査对第二句的理解，“off in the distance”是“在远处”的意思，所以B.“条状土堤离那个铁丝网围栏很远”也是符合文意的，故排除；第三段倒数第三句和倒数第二句说“如果提名通过的话，旅游业毫无疑问会增长，那一定会给俱乐部和历史协会带来更多压力”，所以C.符合文意，故排除。
30
Why was the octogenarian Barbara Crandell arrested?
A.
Because she refused to be intimidated by men wearing spiky shoes and pastel shirts.
B.
Because she has climbed the Observatory to pray for more than two decades.
C.
Because she refused to leave the top of the Observatory when the club officials showed up.
D.
Because she made her way to the top and stayed there for a long time, unwilling to leave.
本题答案：
A
B
C
D
参考答案：
C
系统解析：
细节题。本题考查对文章最后一段老人被捕这一事实原因的理解。根据最后一段的内容可知，当俱乐部官员出现时，老太太拒绝离开天文台顶是她被捕的直接原因，所以C.为正确答案。
31
It can be inferred from the passage that_____.
A.
the Octagon is four times bigger than Roman Colosseums
B.
the Earthworks have got the nomination for the UNESCO World Heritage List
C.
the club，instead of the Ohio Historical Society, owns the Earthworks several years ago
D.
people who want more access to the Earthworks are always intimidated by the club officials
本题答案：
A
B
C
D
参考答案：
B
系统解析：
推理题。本题是针对全文各处不同信息点的推断。第二段开头提到Earthworks已被列入联合国教科文组织世界文化遗产和自然奇迹名录考虑范围中，即已获得提名，在等待确认中，故B.“Earthworks已获得联合国教科文组织世界遗产名录的提名”符合文意，为正确答案。第一段第三句提到八角广场占地面积足有四个罗马斗兽场那么大，而不是比它大四倍，所以A.不符合文意， 故排除；第三段第三句提到，几年前由于拥有这个土方工程的俄亥俄州历史协会资金短缺，将这个俱乐部的租期延长到了2078年，可知C.不对，故排除；文章最后一段第一句提到一些人拒绝被那些穿着尖头鞋和浅色T恤的人所威胁,故排除D.。
In the beginning, your kids need you—a lot. They're attached to your hip, all the time. It might be a month. It might be five years. Then suddenly you are expected to send them off to school for seven hours a day , where they'll have to cope with life in ways they never had to before. You no longer control what they learn，or how, or with whom. Unless you decide, like an emerging population of parents in cities across the country, to forgo that age-old rite of passage entirely.
When Tera and Eric Schreiber's oldest child was about to start kindergarten, the couple toured the high-achieving public elementary school a block away from their home in an affluent Seattle neighborhood near the University of Washington. It was "a great neighborhood school，" Tera says. They also applied to a private school, and Daisy was accepted. But in the end they chose a third path: no school at all.
Eric, 38, is a manager at Microsoft. Tera, 39，had already traded a career as a lawyer for one as a nonprofit executive, which allowed her more time with her kids. But "more" turned into "all" when she decided that instead of working, she would homeschool her daughters： Daisy, now 9; Ginger, 7； and Violet, 4.
We think of homeschoolers as evangelicals (福音派信徒）who spend a lot of time at kitchen tables in the countryside. And it's true that most homeschooling parents do so for moral or religious reasons. But education observers believe that is changing. You only have to go to a downtown Starbucks or art museum in the middle cd a weekday to see that a once-unconventional choice "has become newly fashionable," says Mitchell Stevens, a Stanford professor who wrote Kingdom of Children, a history of homeschooling. There are an estimated 300,000 homeschooled children in America's cities, many of them children of secular, highly educated professionals who always figured they，d send their kids to school—until they came to think，Hey，maybe we could do better.
When Laurie Block Spigel, a homeschooling consultant, pulled her kids out of school in New York in the mid-1990s, "I had some of my closest friends and relatives telling me I was mining my children's lives." she says, "now，the parents that I meet aren't afraid to talk about it. They're doing this proudly."
Many of these parents feel that city schools——or any schools——don't provide the kind of education they want for their kids. Just as much, though, their choice to homeschool is a more extreme example of a larger modem parenting ethos：that children are individuals, each deserving a uniquely curated upbringing. That peer influence can be noxious. That DIY—be it gardening，knitting, or raising chickens—is something educated urbanites should embrace. That we might create a sense of security in our kids by practicing "attachment parenting," an increasingly popular approach that involves round-the-clock physical contact with children and immediate responses to all their cues.
32
According to the passage, which of the following statements is INCORRECT?
A.
Daisy is 5 years older than Violet,
B.
Daisy will receive homeschooling at last.
C.
Daisy was rejected by the private school applied.
D.
Daisy is the oldest daughter in Eric and Tera family.
本题答案：
A
B
C
D
参考答案：
C
系统解析：
细节题。根据第二段第三句可知,他们还申请了一家私人学校，黛西也被录取了，由此可知，C.为答案。根据第三段最后一句可知，黛西现在9岁，金杰7岁,维奥莱特4岁，由此可知，黛西最大的女儿，比维奥莱特大5岁，故排除A.和D.；根据第二段最后一句可知，最终他们选择了第三个方案：不上学校，由此可知，黛西将在家接受教育，故排除B.。
33
If you go to an art museum in a weekday, you can find out that_____.
A.
homeschooling is a choice of religious families
B.
homeschooling is becoming a new fashion
C.
it is still a rare choice to study at home
D.
many of homeschoolers are highly educated
本题答案：
A
B
C
D
参考答案：
B
系统解析：
细节题。根据第四段第四句可知，米切尔·史蒂文斯说，你只要在工作日的某一天去趟市中心的星巴克或者艺术博物馆就会看到，曾经非传统的选择“变成了新时尚”，故选B.。A.、C.和D.在文中都没有提及，故均排除。
34
What is Laurie Block Spigel's attitude towards homeschooling?
A.
Critical.
B.
Supportive.
C.
Opposed.
D.
Neutral
本题答案：
A
B
C
D
参考答案：
B
系统解析：
态度题。根据第五段可知，劳里?布洛克?斯比格尔的职业是在家教育咨询师，而且，在20世纪90年代中期，她就让在纽约就读的孩子们离开了学校。由此推知，她对于在家教育持“支持态度”，故选B.。A.“批判的”C.“反对的”和D.“中立的”均可排除。
35
What is many parents' concern about school education?
A.
It does not provide DIY courses.
B.
It fails to provide suitable education for individual students.
C.
It encourages peer competition among students.
D.
It cannot adopt modem teaching methods.
本题答案：
A
B
C
D
参考答案：
B
系统解析：
推理题。根据第六段前两句可知，很多父母都觉得，城市里的学校——任何一所学校——都不能为孩子们提供父母希望孩子们接受的教育。尽管在大批的现代教育呼声中，选择在家教育是更为极端的例子，但儿童都是独立的个体，每个孩子都值得与众不同的悉心养育。由此可推知，家长们最大的担忧是，学校不能提供给个体学生最为适合的教育，故选B.。
36
According to the passage, "attachment parenting"_____.
A.
includes frequent physical contact with children
B.
means mutual responses to children，happiness
C.
can lead to the lack of sense of security
D.
is not popular among urban parents
本题答案：
A
B
C
D
参考答案：
A
系统解析：
细节题。根据第六段最后一句可知，“亲密育儿法”包括与孩子以小时的肢体接触，故选A.。“亲密育儿法”包括及时回应儿童表现出的任何迹象，故排除B.；通过实践“亲密育儿法”，我们可能会为孩子们营造一种安全感，故排除C.；D.在文中没有提及，可排除。
Modern theatre audiences are less able to understand classical plays than previous generations because of a declining knowledge of literature and history, Nicholas Hytner, director of the National Theatre, believes. Hytner called for the study of history to be made compulsory for 14-to 16-year-olds and warned that important cultural resonances were being lost as the influence of traditional classical education receded.
He said："Generation by generation...people are being cheated of something that's really good to know." Hytner, who is best known for his direction of Adrian Lester in Henry V, made his comments yesterday during a discussion with the writer Alan Bennett about his play The History Boys. He told an audience of history and English teachers at the fourth annual Prince of Wales education summer school in Dartington, Devon, that history should be studied until at least age 16.
He said people had been lamenting the demise of classical education since he had been a schoolboy. But he added that as a director he had also noted the impact of the decline of basic British historical knowledge among audiences.
I knew that Henry IV usurped Richard II and was then murdered. It was something I had been taught and simply knew. But there，s very little you can rely on now even with National Theatre audiences. We have a very metropolitan audience but there's very little you can rely on an audience knowing. Fifty years ago you could put on classics and it would have a different resonance for people. But now, except for people who have had a classical education, you get no frisson when Agamemnon behaves like a pig.
You get around it but generation by generation the feeling I get is that people are being cheated of something that’s really good to know. Certainly it makes life harder, if you produce work 50 percent of which is from a classical repertoire, if people do not have an overview of English literature and English history. > 劣 Students are currently required only to study history until the age of 14. Some English lite-rature must be studied until 16 but pupils are not required to sit a full GCSE in the subject.
Asked whether history should be made compulsory until 16，Bennett said, "I tend to think that it didn't do me any harm. I did history because I liked doing it so it was never a burden. I certainly think English should be compulsory and I think history should be too."
Bennett's play The History Boys, which recently finished a run at the National, con-siders what constitutes a good education as it follows the fortunes of a class of A-level histo-rians who are being prepared for Oxbridge entrance exams by teachers with very different philosophies towards learning and passing exams.① Hytner said he originally thought the text would not have widespread appeal. "1 was wrong. It turned out to have the widest appeal of any play at the National."
37
The central idea of the passage is that_____.
A.
history should be made compulsory for 16-year-olds
B.
history should be made compulsory for 14-year-olds
C.
people are being cheated of something that's really good to know
D.
audiences lack education to understand classical plays
本题答案：
A
B
C
D
参考答案：
D
系统解析：
主旨题。根据第一段的描述可知，由于越来越多的观众不理解经典历史剧，本文呼吁人们加强对青少年的历史教育，所以正确答案是D..A.“历史课应该在十六岁被定为必修课”、B.“历史课应该在十四岁被定为必修课”和C.“人们被一些真正应该知道的东西所欺骗了”，都不是文章主旨。
38
Which of the following is INCORRECT according to the passage?
A.
Bennett's play The History Boys has widespread appeal.
B.
Bennett is the director of the National Theatre.
C.
Hytner is best known for his direction of Adrian Lester in Henry V.
D.
Pupils are not required to sit a full GCSE in some English literature.
本题答案：
A
B
C
D
参考答案：
B
系统解析：
细节题。从第一段中“Nicholas Hytner，director of the National Theatre …”可知，Hytner才是国家剧院的导演，而不是Bermett，所以B.与原文不符，故为答案。
39
We can infer from the passage that____.
A.
history is not a compulsory course to children of 14 to 16
B.
children of 14 don't study history
C.
pupils of 16 are required to sit a full GCSE in the literature
D.
pupils of 14 are required to sit a full GCSE in the literature
本题答案：
A
B
C
D
参考答案：
A
系统解析：
推理题。从文章中可以看出，在英国学生从14岁开始就学习历史，但是对于14岁到16岁的学生来说，历史不是必修课，这也正是文中Hytner导演极力要求改变的事实，所以A.是正确答案。B.“十四岁的孩子不学历史”、C.“十六岁的学生被要求全面学习GCSE文学课程”和D.“十四 岁的学生被要求全面学习GCSE文学课程”均可排除。
40
What's Bennett's attitude towards history?
A.
He is not interested in it.
B.
It is not mentioned.
C.
He likes it.
D.
It is a burden.
本题答案：
A
B
C
D
参考答案：
C
系统解析：
态度题。从文章倒数第二段第二句“I did history because I liked doing it so it was never a burden.”可知，他喜欢学习历史，故C.正确。A.“他对此不感兴趣”、B.“没有提及”和D.“是一种负担”都与原文不符，故排除。
41
Hytner repeatedly complains that people are cheated, then who cheated them according to the passaged?
A.
The play.
B.
The modern education
C.
The directors.
D.
The history.
本题答案：
A
B
C
D
参考答案：
B
系统解析：
推理题。Hytner反复抱怨人们收到了欺负，忽视了很多值得了解的东西，接着就提出了学校中进行历史教育的问题，因此他认为教育不当使人们忽视了历史，从而使人们无法真正地领悟历史剧的魅力，故B.正确。A.、C.和D.均不正确。
On a cool June morning, Liz Neumark is stirring up a simple summer soup for some very demanding clients. As cofounder and CEO of Great Performances, one of New York City's most successful catering companies, Neumark has spent decades dealing with people who know what they like.
But her work site today is unusual: She's standing in a field on her organic farm in upstate New York, topping vegetables that were harvested only a few feet away. And her running commentary isn't exactly standard either. "We have to respect food, "she tells her guests as they carefully cut up carrots and onions. "We have to think about all the people who don't have what we have here，and treat the food nicely." Finally ready，the soup is ladled into bowls and lifted to half a dozen mouths simultaneously.
"How does it taste?" Neumark asks. A little boy takes a tentative sip, then runs into the field and spits it out. "Like poison!" he calls，delighted with himself. Everyone cracks up, including Neumark.
The boy arrived at Neumark's Katchkie Farm this morning with his classmates and teachers from PS 180 in Harlem. They've already collected eggs from the chickens, repotted seedling (秧苗)tomatoes，and picked vegetables, all as part of a program called the Sylvia Center, which Neumark created to show city kids where real food comes from and what it can taste like.
Most of these kids have brought lunches from home that are heavy with processed food, soda，and sweets, plus snacks with brand names and bar codes. Just getting them to think about food that comes from nature rather than a supermarket shelf will require some prodding from a woman who loves cooking, eating, gardening，and，above all, kids. Luckily, Neumark is perfect for the job.
Of course, simply being told that certain foods are good for you is not going to convince children to change their eating habits. But Neumark has seen that when kids plant and weed, harvest and cook their own food, the lesson takes root.
Will the boy who was nearly "poisoned" by the freshest of all vegetable soups be similarly converted? There's no way of knowing, but at the very least，he now has an idea of what vegetable soup is supposed to taste like. Maybe, one day, he'll be willing to give it another try. Maybe he'll actually like what he tastes，and that will be one more kid connected to the planet and to the wonders of fresh food and his own body.
"I wanted to inspire, create and hear the laughter of children," Neumark says. When she's on her farm, listening to birds, feeling life happening all around her, she says, she feels comfort and some measure of peace.
42
About Liz Neumark，the passage claims all of the following EXCEPT that_____.
A.
she is the cofounder and CEO of a catering company
B.
she has her own organic farm in upstate New York
C.
she likes teaching children planting and cooking on her farm
D.
she loves cooking, eating, gardening, and most important, children
本题答案：
A
B
C
D
参考答案：
C
系统解析：
细节题。本题考查文中主要人物Liz Neumark的情况。文章虽提到Neumark教孩子怎么在农场种植、烹饪新鲜食物，但并非作为她的爱好来讲述，故C.“她喜欢在她的农场教孩子们种植、烹饪”不符合文意，为正确答案。根据文章内容，其他三项都符合文意，故均排除。
43
The purpose of the Sylvia Center is to_____.
A.
let the kids plant and cook fresh food by themselves
B.
show city kids where real food comes from and what it tastes like
C.
prevent the kids from eating processed food，soda and sweets
D.
convince children to change their unhealthy eating habits
本题答案：
A
B
C
D
参考答案：
B
系统解析：
细节题。设立这个中心的目的在第四段最后一句交代得很清楚，B.“向城市的孩子们展示食物的真正来源和味道”符合文意，是正确答案。其他三项虽与原文内容相符，但都不是设立这个中心的目的，故均排除。
44
Which of the following is helpful for children to change their eating habits?
A.
Cooking fresh food in front of them.
B.
Asking them to taste more fresh food.
C.
Telling them that certain foods are good for their health.
D.
Letting them plant and weed, harvest and cook their own food.
本题答案：
A
B
C
D
参考答案：
D
系统解析：
推理题。本题主要涉及对第六段的理解。该段第一句提到，只是告诉孩子们哪些食物对他们的健康有益是无法说服他们改变饮食习惯的。但Neumark发现当孩子们自己种植食物，为他们除草，并且自己收割和烹饪这些食物时，这一课就深深地印人他们的内心了。由此可知，D.为正确答案。
45
The boy who was nearly "poisoned" by the fresh vegetable soup_____.
A.
arrived at Neumark's Farm that morning with his parents
B.
swallowed a bowl of soup and vomited immediately
C.
will try this kind of soup later in his life and like the taste
D.
knows where the vegetable comes from and how the soup tastes
本题答案：
A
B
C
D
参考答案：
D
系统解析：
细节题。倒数第二段第二句提到，前文那个喝了蔬菜汤后说那是毒药的小男孩，“我们无从知道他是否会有所转变，但至少，他现在知道了蔬菜汤本来的味道。也许有一天他将再一次进行尝试，并真正喜欢上这个味道……。”而且那个小男孩参观了Neumark的农场，知道食物的来源了，所以D.“知道蔬菜来自哪里并知道汤的味道”为正确答案。C.只是作者的猜测，A.、B.都不符合文意，所以排除这三项。
46
We can learn from the passage that_____.
A.
the Sylvia Center is a good program for city kids on eating
B.
nobody likes the taste of the vegetable soup
C.
all kids think that food comes from supermarket shelf
D.
convincing children to change their eating habits is easy
本题答案：
A
B
C
D
参考答案：
A
系统解析：
推理题。本题是对全文文意的综合考查。从整篇文章来看，作者对这个项目是持肯定态度的，文中也提到通过这个活动至少能让城市孩子知道新鲜食物来自哪里，尝起来是什么味道，将来他们可能会再尝试并喜欢上这个味道，这说明这个项目是起到了一定作用的，所以A.是正确的推断。
Despite what you might think from its name，the Museum of Afghan Civilization will be the very model of a modem major museum when it opens in January. It will be housed in an angular, postmodern building, designed by France's Yona Friedman. It will display the art of Afghanistan from prehistory to today, with works collected from all over the world. And it will have a nifty website, complete with high-definition reproductions and interactive information guides. What the museum won't have is a front door, a parking lot, or a cafeteria. That's because the museum is the first designed as a virtual building only.
Why put the objects in an imaginary building, instead of just creating a website full of pictures? Pascale Bastide, President of the Paris-based association Afghanculture, says she hopes that hiring an architect will imbue her project (afghanculturemuseum. org) with the gravitas of a traditional museum，as well as make viewers feel as though they are actively traveling to a museum rather than passively seeing reproductions of its artwork.① Bastide is quick to admit that "nothing replaces real contact with an objet d'art (小艺术品，古玩)," but the site’s interactive approach comes close. Visitors will encounter a digital image of Friedman’s design, set against its imagined location: the Bamiyan caves, where two monumental Buddha statues had stood since the fourth century A. D. before being destroyed by the Taliban in 2001.② Viewers can spin the building to view it fiom all sides, then click to enter multimedia "pavilions," which can be organized chronologically, geographically, or thematically. Friedman's design will serve as the shell. The interior will change just like in a real-world museum, where curators(馆长）erect temporary walls according to an exhibition's needs. Bricks and mortar (传统实体企业）aside, the Museum of Afghan Civilization will operate like a typical art institution. The website will have a director ( Bastide) and a team of curators (a Princeton professor t a French museum conservator, an Afghan archeologist, and an Afghan linguist). Oh, and there's also a designer with a background in videogames.
Afghanculturemuseum. org obviously isn't the only museum with a webtite, but its purely virtual form could affect the traditional museum world. For one thing, it all but eliminate the debate over whether a museum’s priority should be to display artworks or preserve them. Today's digital reproduction technologies are generally harmless to the art (unlike the light and air in a museum). so they allow the public to see works otherwise accessible only to those with white gloves and doctorates.
Virtual museums still take money to launch; Bastide is looking for $10 million in private and government funding. They won't make the traditional museums obsolete, either. But their lower maintenance costs and sustainable approach to exhibitions might mean fewer traditional museums created in the future. That said, Bastide hopes that one day, in a stable, democratic Afghanistan, a physical Museum of Afghan Civilization might be built. But for now, the virtual approach will allow the museum to live without having to exist.
47
According to the first paragraph, the Museum of Afghan Civilization won't_____.
A.
display the artworks of Afghanistan from all over the world
B.
have a website with reproductions and information guides
C.
have a front door, a parking lot or a cafeteria
D.
open in January as the first virtual museum
本题答案：
A
B
C
D
参考答案：
C
系统解析：
细节题。由题干定位到第一段，该段介绍了即将建成的阿富汗文化博物馆的一些基本情况。 由倒数第提到的这个博物馆不打算建设前门停车场或者餐厅可知，[C ]符合题意，故为答案。 其他三项都不符合题意，所以都排除。
48
The second paragraph doesn't claim that the Museum of Afghan Civilization______
A.
can show the gravitas of Afghan civilization better
B.
can make viewers feel they are actively traveling to a museum
C.
can be organized flexibly according to viewers，needs
D.
will have a designer with a background in videogames
本题答案：
A
B
C
D
参考答案：
A
系统解析：
细节题。由题干定位到第二段。由第二句提到的雇一个建筑师将传统博物馆的庄严渗透到她的设计中，也能使参观者感觉好像他们确实在博物馆中游览可知，A.“能更好地展现阿富汗文化的庄严”不符合文意，故为答案。B.“能让参观者感觉好像他们确实在博物馆中游览”是符合文意的；又根据本段第五句提到的参观者可点击迸入多媒体展览馆，这个展览馆是可以按年代，或按地域，或按主题来安排的可知，C.符合文意；最后—句提到也有一个有制作视频游戏背景的设计师，由此可知，D.符合文意。
49
Why does Afghanculturemuseum. org eliminate the debate on whether a museum's priority should be to display artworks or to preserve them?
A.
Because it can replace the traditional museum in the near future.
B.
Because it only allows the doctorates to see works that need particular protection.
C.
Because when displaying the artworks, it also prevents others from stealing them.
D.
Because it almost eliminates the contradiction between displaying and preserving artworks.
本题答案：
A
B
C
D
参考答案：
D
系统解析：
推理题。由题干关键词Afghanculturemuseum. org eliminate定位到第三段，本段中作者提到现今的数字复制技术对作品本身的损坏程度小，所以它们可以让公众看到那些传统博物馆中只有戴白手套的专家和博士们才能看到的艺术品。由此可推断，虚拟博物馆能消除争论的原因是它将展示和保存艺术品两者很好地统一起来了，几乎使两者之间不再存在矛盾了，所以D.为正确答案。其他三项都不符合文意，故都排除。
50
Pascale Bastide expects that_____.
A.
viewers can see and touch the real artworks in a museum
B.
the Museum of Afghan Civilization will operate like an enterprise
C.
fewer and fewer traditional museums will be built in the future
D.
a physical Museum of Afghan Civilization might be built in Afghanistan
本题答案：
A
B
C
D
参考答案：
D
系统解析：
态度题。最后一段最后一句提到的Bastide希望有一天，在稳定、民主的阿富汗，能建成一个实体的阿富汗文明博物馆，所以D.“阿富汗能建立个实体的阿富汗文明博物馆”是正确答案。A.并非她的期望，B.不符合文意，C.是作者的推断，并非Bastide的期望，所以排除这三项。
51
It can be inferred from the passage that_____.
A.
it is Pascale Bastide who designed the Museum of Afghan Civilization
B.
the Museum of Afghan Civilization is not just a website full of pictures
C.
traditional museums should display artworks rather than display them
D.
virtual museums will completely replace the traditional ones in the future
本题答案：
A
B
C
D
参考答案：
B
系统解析：
推理题。根据第二段第一句提到的为什么要把这些三维造型放进一栋虚拟的大楼，而不是仅仅制作一个贴满图片的网站呢？可以推断，这个博物馆不仅仅是一个贴满图片的网站而已，B.符合文意，故为本题答案。其他三项均不符合文意，故排除。
Rock music has been accused of having a beat that is at once too strong and too simplistic.① Let's look at these issues individually，and see how they in fact contribute to the power of the music.
If you look at the classic instrumentation of a rock group——drums，bass, electric guitar and piano——one inescapable fact is that they are all percussive instruments. There are no horns or strings, no instruments that are bowed or blown，whose notes smoothly move to the desired volume and then stay there.② The musicians play all of these instruments by striking them with a stick, pick, finger or hammer. As a result，their characteristic sounds all exhibit sharply rising and descending volumes. The overall effect is to emphasize the rhythmic value of each note, to give the placement of the peak volume of each note, each chord，at least equal weight with its melodic or harmonic element. In earlier musical forms, the drums, bass, piano and guitar had sometimes collectively been referred to as the "rhythm section." With rock instrumentation, effectively the entire group became part of the rhythm section.
Part of the reason for increasing the strength of the rhythm in rock for creating what became known as "the big beat" was to increase the propulsive force of the music. This is essentially the same reason that regular meter is used in traditional poetry. In this sense, rock is to traditional pop music as poetry is to prose. The effect in both rock and metered poetry is to create regular rhythmic patterns that drive the listener along and amplify the energy of the words.
This is why Phil Spector told David Susskind, when he was reading the lyrics of one of his songs on TV, that what he was missing was the beat. One effect of the strong rhythm is to increase the intensity and power of the communication. Listening to rock lyrics without the beat would be akin to paraphrasing Yeats as saying, "Going round in larger circles，the damned bird gets lost." The meaning of the words is roughly the same, but my phrasing has none of the power of Yeats': "Turning and turning in the widening gyre, the falcon cannot hear the falconer."
Another reason for increasing the strength of the rock rhythm was simply to make the beat an equal player in the resulting music. As suggested above by Robert Palmer, traditional pop forms had made the beat a poor second cousin to melody and harmony. Rock liberated the rhythmic component of the music, allowing it an equal footing with the other elements.
The perception has sometimes been that the beat in rock music is so strong as to overpower the melody and lyrics, making the words unintelligible, for example. While this has no doubt happened at times, it is not an essential part of the music. On the other hand，ears that are used to rhythm being consistently relegated to the background sometimes perceive the beat as overpowering simply because it has been brought to the foreground.③ The result can be disorienting, because multiple musical components are all vying for equal attention in rock. The effect is akin to viewing modem art in which elements of form and color are no longer subordinate to the demands of strict representation. The result, though, is a much richer artistic experience, in which multiple elements of the music—thematic intent, meter, rhyme and alliteration, vocal shadings, melody, harmony and rhythm——are all working together.
Rock has also been accused of having a simplistic rhythm, based on its consistent use of a 4/4 time signature, with the accents on the second and fourth beats of the measure (a "backbeat"). When used at its best, however, this basic underlying rhythm is just the starting point for many subtle rhythmic variations. After all, with so many instruments all playing a part in the rhythm, it is not necessary——and would in fact be distracting——to have the foundation time signature be calling attention to itself.④ The interesting part, overall, is not the time signature, which will repeat throughout the song anyway，but what you do with it，the variations laid on top of it, the larger reinforcing rhythms in the song structure.
52
Which of the following is NOT the classic instrumentation of a rock group?
A.
Bass.
B.
Piano.
C.
Guitar.
D.
Violin.
本题答案：
A
B
C
D
参考答案：
D
系统解析：
细节题。从文章第二段第一句“If you look at the classic instrumentation of a rock group—drums, bass(A.)，electric guitar (C.) and piano (B.)—one inescapable fact is that they are all percussive instruments.”可知，传统的摇滚乐多使用打击乐器，如鼓、电吉他等，而小提琴这样的弦乐器明显不是打击乐器，所以D.是正确答案。
53
The similarity of rock and poetry lies in_____.
A.
the sound in driving the listener's feeling
B.
the force in amplifying the energy of the words
C.
the picture in depicting the life of the composers
D.
the effect in creating the regular rhythmic patterns
本题答案：
A
B
C
D
参考答案：
D
系统解析：
细节题。从文章第三段末句“The effect in both rock and metered poetry is to create regular rhythmic patterns that drive the listener along and amplify the energy of the words.”可以判断，D.“在创造规律的节拍方面”为正确答案。而A.“在引导人们的感情方面”、B.“在放大语言的力量上”和C.“在反映作曲家的生平方面”均与文意不符。
54
The effect of the strong rhythm both in rock and in poetry is____.
A.
to have the foundation time signature be calling attention to itself
B.
to make the beat an equal player in the resulting music
C.
to increase the intensity and power of the communication
D.
to make the beat a poor second cousin to melody and harmony
本题答案：
A
B
C
D
参考答案：
C
系统解析：
细节题。从文章第四段中“One effect of the strong rhythm is to increase the intensity and power of the communication. ”一句可以得出C.“在加强交流的密度和强度上”为正确答案。而A.“使基本 节拍富有吸引力”、B.“使节拍在音乐的呈现上与其他成员同等重要”和D.“使节拍在韵律和协调上逊色于其他组成部分”，均不符合文意。
55
What's the feature of modern art according to the passage?
A.
Form and color are no longer subordinate to the demands of representation.
B.
Form and color are subordinate to the representation.
C.
Representation is not inferior to form.
D.
Representation is superior to form and color.
本题答案：
A
B
C
D
参考答案：
A
系统解析：
细节题。从文章倒数第二段“The effect is akin to viewing modem art in which elements of form and color are no longer subordinate to the demands of strict representation.”可以判断出A.为正确答案。而B.“形式与色彩服从于作品”、C.“作品不逊色于形式”和D.“作品高于形式与色彩”，均与文意不符。
56
Which of the fallowing is NOT suggested in the last paragraph?
A.
The basic underlying rhythm is the starting point for many subtle rhythmic variations.
B.
The time signature will not repeat throughout the song.
C.
The interesting part is the larger reinforcing rhythms in the song structure.
D.
Rock has a simplistic rhythm, based on its consistent use of a 4/4 time signature.
本题答案：
A
B
C
D
参考答案：
B
系统解析：
细节题。A.、C.、D.都可以在文章最后一段找到相应的表达，而且在本段第一句可以找到与B.意思相俘的表达“...based on its consistent use of a 4/4 time signature...”即拍子会在整个乐曲中重复，所以B.不符合文意，是本题答案。
In recent years criticisms have been voiced concerning sexist bias in the English language. It has been argued that some of the vocabulary and grammar we use reflects and reinforces a traditional view of the world as one in which men are dominant and women play a secondary role.
Take the word "chairman"，for example. While this can in fact apply to people of both sexes, it appears to some people to be male-oriented as it ends in "man". In the past people taking the role of chairman were exclusively male, and the word was obviously originally a compound of "chair" and "man". Many English speakers, however，have ceased to view this word as a compound and no more feel it to be composed of two units, "chair" and "man"，than they perceive "cupboard" as composed of "cup" and "board". In addition the continued use of chairman might be defended on the grounds that the final syllable is pronounced /m'n/ rather than /maen/, just like the final syllable of woman. Despite such considerations other speakers take a contrary view and are sensitive to the components of which it is made up. They clearly perceive it as a title which perpetuates traditional ideas about the place of women in Society. For this reason they seek to replace it with neutral terms such as "chairperson" or "chair" , so that it is now possible to ask questions such as："Who is chair of the committee?"
Other changes advocated include the replacement of words such as " postman," "fireman" and "policeman" with more clearly neutral terms such as "postal worker"，"fire-fighter" and "police officer". There is, however, continuing controversy about how far such language changes should go. Should changes also be considered to traditional idioms such as "man in the street" and titles such as "Peking Man"? What about those words where the male meaning of "man" is no longer dominant, such as "manhandle"?
To the extent that changes have taken place，they have done so more in the written language and formal pronouncements than in everyday speech. You would be quite likely to read in the paper that "Postal workers are to receive a pay increase", But "as the postman been?" would be most likely to be heard in informal conversation. Here "postman" remains firmly entrenched in popular usage.
The lack of a sex-neutral third-person singular in English has also attracted attention. How, for example, do we fill in the blank in the following sentence? "A good teacher always makes sure _____ is well prepared for the lesson." Traditionally, this would be filled in with "he". The male pronoun in such cases is clearly intended to refer to both sexes. It is still widely used in this way, but some people, especially women, dislike it. They may prefer to add the female pronoun to the male, as in "A good teacher always makes sure he or she is well prepared for the lesson". Some people, however, feel that this looks and sounds awkward. Another solution is to use the plural "they" for the singular："A good teacher always makes sure they are well prepared for the lesson." This is often heard in conversation, but is less frequent in formal written English. More cautious souls can avoid the problem altogether by rephrasing in the plural："Good teachers always make sure they are well prepared for the lesson."
The extent to which language reflects and shapes attitudes and behaviors is a matter of conjecture.② Chinese' Japanese, Persian and Turkish do not make the kinds of sex distinctions English makes through its system of pronouns, but it would be difficult to maintain that males who speak these languages are less sexist than males who speak English!
57
What is the best title for the passage?
A.
The Place of Women in Society
B.
He or She
C.
Chairman or Chairwoman
D.
Language and Sexist Bias
本题答案：
A
B
C
D
参考答案：
D
系统解析：
主旨题。从文章第一句“In recent years criticisms have been voiced concerning sexist bias in the English language.”可以看出，该篇文章主要论述英语日常语言中的性别歧视问题，因此[D]是正确答案。[A]“女性在社会中的地位”文章有涉及，但是从语言的角度阐述的，因此不适合做文章的标题；[B]“他和她”是作为作者证明自己观点的例子出现的，也不适合做文章的标题；[C]与[B]的问题如出一辙，都只是举例。
58
What can we infer from Paragraph 2?
A.
"Chairperson" or "chair" is the neutral term of "chairman" or "chairwoman".
B.
It is not necessary to replace "chairman" with "chairperson".
C.
"Chairman" can express the same meaning as the word "chairwoman".
D.
People are very sensitive to the use of “chairman” in the past.
本题答案：
A
B
C
D
参考答案：
A
系统解析：
推理题。第二段主要举例说明语言与性别之间的关系。从“They clearly perceive it as a title which perpetuates traditional ideas about the place of women in society. For this reason they seek to replace it with neutral terms such as ‘chairperson’ or ‘chair’...” 可以看出，现在为了避免引起女性的误会，常用中性的chairperson或chair来代替chairman—词，因此[A]是正确答案。
59
The idiom "man in the street" in Paragraph 3 means _____.
A.
a tramp
B.
an idiot
C.
a passing traveler
D.
an average person
本题答案：
A
B
C
D
参考答案：
D
系统解析：
语义题。“man in the street”的意思是“普通人”，所以[D]是正确答案。[A]“流浪者”、[B]“傻瓜”和[C]“过客”均与文意不符，故排除。
60
What's the difference between "postal worker" and "postman" according to the passage?
A.
The former is informal; the latter is formal.
B.
The former is formal; the latter is informal.
C.
They have the same usage.
D.
Both of them are informal.
本题答案：
A
B
C
D
参考答案：
B
系统解析：
细节题。从第四段“You would be quite likely to read in the paper that ‘Postal workers are to receive a pay increase’. But ‘Has the postman been?’would be most likely to be heard in informal conversation.”可以看出，“postal worker”是正式用法，常出现在报纸等书面文字中；而“postman”则是非正式用法，常用在口语中，所以[B]是正确答案。
61
To what extent does the language reflect and shape attitudes and behaviors?
A.
They are closely related.
B.
It is a matter of conjecture.
C.
They have nothing to 4p with each other.
D.
Only in English are they closely related.
本题答案：
A
B
C
D
参考答案：
B
系统解析：
细节题。从文章最后一段首句 “The extent to which language reflects and shapes attitudes and behaviors is a matter of conjecture. ”可以看出，语言在某种程度上反映和塑造讲话者的态度和举止只是一种推测，所以[B]是正确答案。
62
All of the following statements are CORRECT EXCEPT that _____.
A.
Japanese does not make the kinds of sex distinctions English makes through its system of pronouns
B.
Japanese are less sexist than males who speak English
C.
traditionally we say "A good teacher always makes sure he is well prepared for the lesson."
D.
in order to avoid the problem we can use plural form to replace the singular.
本题答案：
A
B
C
D
参考答案：
B
系统解析：
推理题。文章最后一句“…but it would be difficult to maintain that males who speak these languages are less sexist than males who speak English!”明确指出，日语等代词体系中不存在性别歧视的国家并不能保证该国不存在其他形式的性别歧视，所以[B]是正确答案。
To many visitors to a country the word "city" means the capital city. And that in its turn means what would be taken in by a group of tourists who had set out to see the sights.To many visitors to Britain, London is where it's all going on. The man who is tired of London is tired of life, Doctor Johnson said in 1750. Or as an updated version has it, London is where the action is. Well, that's now it's put down in the guide books anyway.
Of course to Londoners the word city means "the City" with a capital C，that square mile eventually marked out and walled in by the Romans after they had set up their original camp by the Thames about 50 AD. Some Londoners still live there，but most Londoners are not Londoners and do not live in the London they work in. Their home is in one of the many large villages that make up London as it began spilling over and pushing out in the late 18th and 19th centuries. They live either in the inner suburbs of the Metropolitan area or the outer suburbs of the Greater London area. It's all very expensive and overcrowded and yet more and more people are piling in and looking for a nest. For everyone who finds it too expensive and moves out, at least three are waiting to move in.
Where does Britain really begin? In London? Well, does France begin in Paris? Only a Parisian or a Londoner would make this claim and Londoners are scarcer than Parisians these days. What! With nine million inhabitants? You might ask in astonishment. But what is meant by that is that these days in London if you're in a roomful of people the chances of coming across a second-generation Londoner are about one in a hundred. And a third-generation Londoner is something to make people's eyes pop.
The old Londoners have died off, or moved out of a London they could no longer put up or identify with. Equally, the new Londoners cannot identify with something that for them has no identity as such. For London is not England, let alone Britain, neither in its inner nor outer suburbs. Any other city stands for its region in a way capital never can. The needs for a centre for commerce, finance and government have conspired to set up these artificial growths, and London like most capitals is a huge, tension-filled, problem-filled, necessary anomaly.
For all that, London is still growing though it's much slower external growth today, not like a tree putting on a new ring each year or a middle-aged waistline suddenly expanding.Outside，beyond the limits where the city runs out and agriculture and nature begin, is still for many people the beginning of reality. For them
the real roots still lie in the land they have "got away from" or at heart want to get back to, or if they are true city-dwellers, imagine they want to go to throw off the artificial life. But no one is ever completely satisfied. The trouble about cities is that they can grow on one in true love-hate fashion and while the grass always looks greener in the next village it usually turns out not to be.
63
According to the author，which of the following is CDRRECT?
A.
The suburbs are really villages.
B.
London is divided into two main parts.
C.
The suburbs are getting larger.
D.
Most Londoners come from the countryside
本题答案：
A
B
C
D
参考答案：
A
系统解析：
推理题。从第—段第三句“Their home is in one of the many large villages that make up London as it began spilling over and pushing out in the late 18th and 19th centuries.”可知，在18世纪后期和19世纪人们就开始住在伦敦周围的一些大村庄里面，这也就是后面提到的伦敦外城，即郊区，所以[A]为正确答案。而[B]“伦敦分为两个主要部分”、[C]“郊区在扩大”和[D]“大多数伦敦人来自乡村”均不符合文意。
64
What can we infer from the passage?
A.
London is becoming increasingly overcrowded.
B.
London cannot contain any more people.
C.
London is too expensive for most people.
D.
London is less expensive in the suburbs.
本题答案：
A
B
C
D
参考答案：
A
系统解析：
细节题。从第二段第五句“It's all very expensive and overcrowded and yet more and more people are piling in and looking for a nest.”可以找到正确答案为[A]“伦敦变得越来越拥挤”。而[B]“伦敦再也不能容纳更多的人”、[C]“对大多数人来说，伦敦的消费水平太高”和[D]“伦敦郊区的生活水平没那么高”均没有根据。
65
The passage suggests that few people ____.
A.
have parents born in London
B.
have been born in London
C.
know where Britain really begins
D.
know any second-generation
本题答案：
A
B
C
D
参考答案：
A
系统解析：
推理题。从第三段第八、九句“ ...in London if you're in a roomful of people the chances of coming across a second-generation Londoner are about one in a hundred. And a third-generation Londoner is something to make people's eyes pop.”可以推知，正确答案为[A]。
66
According to the author, any city other than a capital_____.
A.
may look like a capital
B.
stands for many different things
C.
has something in common with its surroundings
D.
looks very much like any other city
本题答案：
A
B
C
D
参考答案：
C
系统解析：
推理题。从第四段第四、五句“Any other city stands for its region in a way capital never can. The needs for a centre for commerce, finance and government have conspired to set up these artificial growths, and London like most capitals is...”可以看出，任何一个普通城市都可以代表本地区特色，即与周围环境保持一致。但是作为首的伦敦却不能，因为它要更多地执行作为金融、商业中心和政府所在地的功能，所以[C]是正确答案。
67
The author suggests that the middle-aged can suddenly_____.
A.
get thin
B.
become fatter
C.
become thinner
D.
fall ill
本题答案：
A
B
C
D
参考答案：
B
系统解析：
细节题。从文章末段首句“For all that, London is still growing though it's much slower external growth today not like a tree putting on a new ring each year or a middle-aged waistline suddenly expanding.”可以找到正确答案为[B]“变胖”。而[A]“变瘦”、[C]“更瘦”和[D]“患病”均与原文不符。
Real innovation is a dying art. It's true that creativity the business of thinking up new ideas—is far from dead，but it's getting harder and harder to get new concepts applied in design, manufacturing or business. It costs thousands of pounds to get a new idea into the marketplace, and there is very little support for anything from most companies or government. A lot of people don't want to know.
I've always been interested in new ideas. I was trained as an engineer and went to work for an automotive components company，and almost from the first day I was asking why things were done in this way and not that. I thought up my first invention at 19——then I discovered someone else had got there first. I've been inventive all my life. I've got 14 patents to my name.
Invention is what happens when you come across a problem, and look for a solution. It could be at work or at home in the garden—like a better way of mowing the lawn, say. But these days creativity is being stifled there are so many hoops to go through.You have a brilliant idea for a left-handed widget but you still have to ask yourself：Is it new? Has it already been protected? Is there a market for it? Is the investment worth it?
Only 4 percent of granted patents reach the market place. Part of the problem is that manufacturing industry and government are obsessed with complex technology like bioengineering.There is no interest in low technology or simple ideas that are equivalent to the invention of the paperclip. Inventors still come up with simple devices, but it's difficult to get anyone interested.
But it's also a very British problem. Inventions from Britain are often taken up overseas, because most British companies tend not to look outside their own factory gates. My own personal theory is that it's a legacy of the Empire，when Britain had a captive audience and little competition，so industries didn't need to market their products. Nowadays，companies from other leading economies have to make what the consumer wants in order to ensure their profits, so they are always ready to innovate. And many British manufacturers have never caught up.
Plus，British schoolchildren aren't embracing vocational training subjects such as metalwork, woodwork, or design and technology. As a result university engineering departments are closing. Tomorrow's World used to be on the TV, but where is that now? The whole lack of interest in creativity and invention is a symptom of the class system, too一there's a kind of snobbishness in Britain about cleverness and originality. The only inventors you see in the media are people like Sir Clive Sinclair and
Trevor Bayliss who come across like mad scientists.
68
What's the author's opinion on real innovation?
A.
He is in two minds.
B.
It has little future.
C.
It has a little future.
D.
It depends.
本题答案：
A
B
C
D
参考答案：
B
系统解析：
推理题。文章第一段“Real innovation is a dying art. It's true that creativity the business of thinking up new ideas——is far from dead，but it's getting harder and harder to get new concepts applied in design，manufacturing or business.”清楚表明了作者的态度，新的理念越来越难以运用到实际中去，真正的革新是一门正在死亡的艺术，几乎看不到未来，因此选[B]。
69
Which of the following statements about the author is INCORRECT according to the passage?
A.
He was original and creative.
B.
He has got 14 patents to his name.
C.
His first invention was a big success.
D.
He was trained to be an engineer.
本题答案：
A
B
C
D
参考答案：
C
系统解析：
推理题。由文章第二段中的“I thought up my first invention at 19——then I discovered someone else had got there first.”可知，作者19岁的时候曾经有过一个很好的主意，可是后来发现别人已经捷足先登了，所以他的第一个发明算不上是一个巨大的成功，故[C]为答案。[A]、[B]和[D]都可以在第二段中找到。
70
What's the problem of the traditional British industry according to the author?
A.
Lack of investment.
B.
Lack of labour.
C.
Lack of innovation.
D.
Lack of competition.
本题答案：
A
B
C
D
参考答案：
D
系统解析：
推理题。从文章倒数第二段可以看出，英国的传统工业在历史上的英帝国时期，因为有广大的市场而不需要竞争，而这恰恰造成了这些公司最大的缺点,即缺乏竞争力，故选[D]。
71
Which of the following is NOT the problem that hinders the real invention?
A.
There's a kind of snobbishness in Britain about cleverness and originality.
B.
Most British companies tend not to look outside their own factory gates.
C.
There is no interest in low technology or simple ideas.
D.
New inventions can be put into use.
本题答案：
A
B
C
D
参考答案：
D
系统解析：
细节题。从第四段中的“Only 4 percent of granted patents reach the market place.”可以看出，并不是所有的发明都能投入市场，所以选[D]。[A]、[B]、[C]都可以在倒数第二段找到对应句。
72
What does the phrase "caught up" in Paragraph 5 mean?
A.
Come from behind and reach someone in front of you by going faster.
B.
Get involved in something.
C.
Do what needs to be done because you have not been able to do it until now.
D.
Try to take hold of something.
本题答案：
A
B
C
D
参考答案：
A
系统解析：
语义题。“catch up”在文中所在句句意为：许多英国制造商也从未……，结合上下文可知，catch up的意思是“追上，赶上”，所以[A]为正确答案。
Three years ago Elon College, a school of more than 4,000 students with a rising academic reputation, decided it was no longer good marketing to be known as Fighting Christians and changed its mascot to the Phoenix, emblematic of its rebirth after a major fire in the 1920s.
Some alumni resisted, but the change produced nothing like the soul-searching the school went through when, five months later, it joined a major movement in US higher education by dropping the word "college" and renaming itself Elon University.
In the past 10 years, according to Higher Education Publications Inc. in Arlington, 161 other US colleges have done the same thing, for reasons that often have as much to do with image as academics. To make the situation more confusing，many of the new universities still advertise their collegelike atmosphere，while some institutions that call themselves colleges still tell potential applicants that they are just like universities.
Guess which image is more appealing to 21st-century teenagers and their tuition-paying parents? George Dehne & Associates, a consulting firm，found that two-thirds of prospective students said they planned to enroll in a public or private university, not college. Dehne found that universities were more highly regarded than colleges by employers and graduate schools and more likely to be credited with having better students，a better social life, greater diversity of students, greater prestige and stronger science programs.
The Carnegie Foundation for the Advancement of Teaching in Menlo Park, Calif.，classifies institutions based on the number and range of their academic program. "But the use of college，university or anything else in the name has nothing to do with it," said Alexander C. McCormick, senior scholar at the foundation. A few states regulate name changes of even private schools. In Oregon, a school that calls itself a university without authorization can be charged with "unlawful trade practices".
But in most cases, colleges can rename themselves if they choose, and very few of the bigger ones have resisted the temptation. Among the 228 universities ranked by U. S. News & World Report in its "America's Best Colleges" guide, only three of them—Boston College (12，375 students)，the College of William and Mary (7,500 students) and Dartmouth College (5,000 students)—insist on keeping the more intimate title.
The colleges that have made the switch call the renaming a reasoned response to the demands of students, faculty and modem preferences. Longwood College in Farmville, Va.，for instance, became a university in July because of the growth of its graduate programs and its effort to attain Division I athletic status among other factors.
Leo Lambert，the President of Elon University，said his school's name change has worked out fine. He's not sure there's any connection, but applications have increased 30 percent since the switch，and campus visits are up 67 percent.
Lambert says he's also seen signs of the power of the word "university". For instance，when he and his daughter Callie were visiting colleges last summer, they attended an information session at William and Mary. Although William and Mary officials said much about the virtues of intimacy, Lambert recalled, they also "took pains to make the point that they were really a university一law school, graduate programs，etc.——that chose to call itself a college."
73
What is the passage mainly concerned with?
A.
America's best colleges.
B.
The power of the word "university".
C.
Elon College renames itself.
D.
Colleges upgrade their image by changing their names.
本题答案：
A
B
C
D
参考答案：
D
系统解析：
主旨题。本文主要讨论了美国一些学院为了提髙自己的竞争力，纷纷改“某学院”为“某大学”，从第二、三段伊隆学院的更名也可以证明这一点，所以[D]为正确答案。
74
Elon College renamed itself as_____.
A.
Elon University
B.
Elon Institute
C.
Elon Academy
D.
Elon School
本题答案：
A
B
C
D
参考答案：
A
系统解析：
细节题。从第二段中“it joined a major movement in US higher education by dropping the word‘college’and renaming itself Elon University.”可以看出Elon College 将其名字中的 College 改成了 University，因此可知[A]为正确答案。
75
What is the controversy revealed in the passage?
A.
Some colleges change into university, and the opposite is also true.
B.
Some universities advertise their collegelike atmosphere，while some colleges tell potential applicants that they are just like universities.
C.
Some colleges change into university, and some universities into institute.
D.
Some private colleges change into universities and schools at the same time.
本题答案：
A
B
C
D
参考答案：
B
系统解析：
细节题。从第三段中“To make the situation more confusing，many of the new universities still advertise their collegelike atmosphere, while some institutions that call themselves colleges still tell potential applicants that they are just like universities.”可以得知，争议在于有些学院在向学生宣宣传的时候坦承其校园氛围是学院式的，而有些则只是告诉学生，它们和大学一样。由此可知[B]为正确答案。
76
Which of the following is INCORRECT according to the passage?
A.
Renaming is a major movement in US higher education.
B.
The reasons of renaming are closely related to the image as academics.
C.
Only Dartmouth College has resisted the temptation of renaming.
D.
It is found that two-thirds of the prospective students planned to enroll in a public or private university.
本题答案：
A
B
C
D
参考答案：
C
系统解析：
细节题。从文章第六段“...only three of them一Boston College (12, 375 students)，the College of William and Mary (7,500 students) and Dartmouth College (5,000 students) —insist on keeping the more intimate title.”可以判断[C]与原文不符，一共有三所学校并未改名，故为答案。
77
What can we infer from the passage?
A.
"The main purpose for the school's name change is to attract more applications.
B.
The school's name change has no much effect on the number of applications.
C.
The school's name change has damaged their academic image.
D.
The school's name change has improved their academic image and been more attractive to students.
本题答案：
A
B
C
D
参考答案：
D
系统解析：
推理题。这些学院改名为大学是为了提高学校的学术声誉从而扩大生源，所以选[D]。A.是文中已经写出的事实，[B]、[C]与原文内容相佐，故均排除。
The art teacher who accused Prince Harry of cheating has won her case against Eton College for unfair dismissal.
Sarah Forsyth, 30，took the public school to an employment tribunal after her contract was not renewed. The tribunal yesterday upheld Ms. Forsyth's claim that she had been bullied by Eton's head of art，Ian Burke.① But it rejected her allegations that Mr. Burke had ordered her to help Prince Harry cheat in his AS-level art by completing his written work for him. It also criticised as "unprofessional" her decision to secretly record a conversation with the prince on his way to his final exam to try to support her claim.
Ms. Forsyth brought the case after the school, which charges ￡23,688 a year, decided not to renew her contract after the summer of 2003. She also accused Mr. Burke of bullying her and giving improper assistance to pupils during exams. At her hearing in May, Ms. Forsyth claimed she had written most of the text of the prince's AS-level art coursework journal，something she said was "unethical and probably constituted cheating". She also claimed Mr. Burke "touched up" aboriginal-inspired artwork which was displayed to the media as an example of Prince Harry's work when the prince finished his time at Eton.② The prince has strenuously denied any suggestion that he cheated and an investigation by the examination board found no evidence of any improper behaviour.
In its 40-page judgment，the tribunal said it was for the exam board to rule whether cheating had occurred. While the report described Ms. Forsyth as consistent and "truthful" on the whole, it rejected her allegations about Prince Harry. It ruled that her relationship with Mr. Burke was so bad that it was not plausible that he would have tried to enlist her help in any attempt to cheat. It concluded that her account of the help she had given the prince was muddled and that Mr. Burke's story was more believable.
She claimed she had written a sample answer for the prince to use as a guide which，in her account, was given to Prince Harry, cut up and stuck in the journal. The tribunal sided with Mr. Burke, who said that Ms.Burke, who said that Ms. Forsyth had not written the piece on her own but simply sat with Prince Harry and suggested vocabulary.
However, the panel was critical of Mr. Burke and said its "inevitable conclusion" was Ms. Forsyth's dismissal had been unreasonable. The panel said, "He did undermine and bully her." Anthony Little, Eton's headmaster, was criticised for failing to look at the case fairly. The school was criticised for failing to produce any written "capability procedure" to the tribunal.
A spokesman for Eton said the school regretted its employment procedures had not been "up to scratch" , but said it was pleased the tribunal had rejected the u publicity-seeking99 allegations regarding Prince Harry.③ He added the school would be calling for the tribunal to award no compensation to Ms. Forsyth，arguing she would have been dismissed for secretly tape-recording a conversation with a pupil.
78
How do you describe the relationship between Sarah Forsyth and Mr. Burke?
A.
They are friends and colleagues.
B.
They are not in good relationships.
C.
Their relationship is quite bad.
D.
They like and help each other.
本题答案：
A
B
C
D
参考答案：
C
系统解析：
细节题。文章开始就提出了“ ...Ms. Forsyth's claim that she had been bullied by...Ian Burke.”可以判断出二者之间的关系并不好，否则不会上法庭，因此排除[A]和[D]。同时从文章第四段“...her relationship with Mr. Burke was so bad that...”就可明确了解两人的关系很糟糕，因此排除[B]，故而选择[C].。
79
Who is the winner of the suit against Eton College?
A.
Sarah Forsyth.
B.
Mr. Burke.
C.
Prince Harry.
D.
Eton College.
本题答案：
A
B
C
D
参考答案：
A
系统解析：
细节题。文章第一句“The art teacher who accused Prince Harry of cheating has won her case against Eton College for unfair dismissal. ”就清楚地表明了这位艺术老师贏得了这场官司，故答案为[A]。
80
Which of the following is INCORRECT according to the last paragraph?
A.
The tribunal had rejected the "publicity-seeking" allegations regarding Prince Harry.
B.
The art teacher will be dismissed for secretly tape-recording a conversation with a pupil.
C.
The employment procedures of Eton College are not up to the standard.
D.
The spokesman called for the tribunal to award no compensation to Ms. Forsyth.
本题答案：
A
B
C
D
参考答案：
B
系统解析：
推理题。从文章末段可以看出发言人从另一个角度呼吁法庭把这位艺术教师开除，那就是因为她私下为自己和学生的谈话录音，但是并未明确表示这将成为她被开除的最终原因，所以[B]与原文不符，故为答案。[A]与原文中的“but said it was pleased the tribunal had rejected the‘publicity-seeking’allegations regarding Prince Harry.”对应；[C]原文中的“A spokesman for Eton said the school regretted its employment procedures had not been ‘up to scratch’...”对应；[D]与原文中“He added the school would be calling for the tribunal to award no compensation to Ms. Forsyth...”对应。
81
The central topic of the passage is______.
A.
the unfair dismissal of Sarah Forsyth
B.
that the art teacher was dismissed by Eton College with no reason
C.
that the art teacher accused Prince Harry of cheating
D.
that the art teacher has won her case against Eton College for unfair dismissal
本题答案：
A
B
C
D
参考答案：
D
系统解析：
主旨题。本文的中心话题就是这位艺术老师赢得了这场与伊顿学院的官司，并叙述了这场官司的原委，[AJ、[B]和[C]均为这起官司的具体缘由，只有[D]既说明了原因，又说明了事情的结局，故为答案。
82
What's the decision made by the tribunal about Harry's cheating?
A.
He didn't cheat at all.
B.
He cheated as what was said by Ms. Forsyth.
C.
They leave the question to be solved by the exam board.
D.
They avoided this question.
本题答案：
A
B
C
D
参考答案：
C
系统解析：
细节题。由文章第四段中的“In its 40-page judgment, the tribunal said it was for the exam board to rule whether cheating had occurred. ”可知，法庭把哈利王子是否作弊一事交给考试委员会进行处理，没有在法庭上做出任何判决，所以[C]为正确答案。
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