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Alzheimer's disease has no cure. There are, however, five drugs—known and approved-that can slow down the development of its symptoms. The earlier such drugs are administered, the better. Unfortunately, the disease is usually first noticed when people complain to their doctors of memory problems. That is normally too late for the drags to do much good. A simple and reliable test for Alzheimer's that can be administered to everybody over the age of about 65, before memory-loss sets in，would therefore be useful.
Theo Luider, of the Erasmus University Medical Centre in Rotterdam, and his colleagues think they have found one-but it works only in women. They made their discovery, just reported in the Journal of Proteome Research9 by tapping into a long-term，continuing study that started in 1995 with 1,077 non-demented and otherwise healthy people aged between 60 and 90. At the banning of the project, and subsequently during the periods 1997-99 and 2002 - 04, participants were brought in for a battery of neurological (神经学的）and cognitive investigations, physical examinations，brain imaging and blood tests.
During the first ten years of the study. 43 of the volunteers developed Alzheimer's diseases. When Dr.Luider compared blood samples from these people with samples from 43 of their fellow volunteers, matched for sex and age, who had remained Alzheimer's-free, he found something startling. Levels of a substance called pregnancy zone protein had been unusually high, even before their symptoms appeared, in some of those who went on to develop Alzheimer's disease.
Those "some"，it turned out, were all women. On average, levels of pregnancy zone protein in those women who went on to develop Alzheimer's were almost 60% higher than those of women who did not. In men， levels of the protein were the same for both.
The reason for this curious result seems to be that the brain plaques (斑块）associated with Alzheimer，s disease are themselves turning out pregnancy zone protein. Certainly，when Dr. Luider applied a chemical stain specific to that protein to the plaques of dead Alzheimer's patients he found the protein present in them.
Confusingly，though, it was there in the plaques of both sexes. Presumably, female cells (and therefore the plaques of female brains) make more of it than male ceils do. But that remains to be proved. Whatever the reason, however, this result means that women, at least, may soon be able to tell whether and when they are at risk of Alzheimer's and thus do something about it before they start losing their minds.
1
What can we learn from the first paragraph?
A.
No medication can slow down the development of Alzheimer's symptoms.
B.
People who always complain are most likely to have Alzheimer's disease.
C.
Doctors had better tackle Alzheimer's disease when people are 65 years old.
D.
To detect Alzheimer's disease before memory loss appears is crucial.
本题答案：
A
B
C
D
参考答案：
D
系统解析：
细节题。第一段最后一句提到，如果有一种简单、可靠的方法，能在患者记忆力减退前检测出该病，且适用于任何65岁年龄以上的人，这种方法会大有裨益，所以D.“在患者记忆力减退前诊断出阿尔茨海默病是很重要的”陈述正确，故为正确答案，同时可知C.是对这句话字面意思的曲解，故排除；根据本段第二句“然而，有五种药物可以减缓阿尔茨海默病症状的恶化”可知，有药物可以缓解阿尔茨海默病症状，故排除A.；B.是对本段第四句“不幸的是，当人们开始向医生抱怒记 忆力问题时，这种病才开始被注意到”的字面意思的曲解，故排除。
2
The word "non-demented" in Paragraph 2 probably means_____.
A.
physically disabled
B.
unconscious
C.
mentally clear
D.
low-spirited
本题答案：
A
B
C
D
参考答案：
C
系统解析：
语义题。根据第二段第二句“1,077 non-demented and otherwise healthy people aged between 60 and 90”可知，调查研究的对象是1077名60到90岁之间的“non-demented”和“healthy” 的人，其中的“and otherwise”表明这两个词在意思上是并列、递进的关系;再根据第三段前两句可知，在研究的前十年里，志愿者中有43人患上了阿尔茨海默病，后面又将这些患阿尔茨海默病的病人与未患病者进行比较。综上所述，可以推出C.“神志清醒的”为正确答案。A.、B.和D.均不符合文意，故排除。
3
What does Dr. Luider's study tell us about the pregnancy zone protein?
A.
It never increase before the symptoms of Alzheimer's appear.
B.
In men, level of it remain stable for their lifetime.
C.
Women developing Alzheimer's usually have lower levels of it.
D.
The brain plaques connected with Alzheimer's produce it.
本题答案：
A
B
C
D
参考答案：
D
系统解析：
细节题。第五段第一句提到，出现这一奇怪结果的原因似乎是，与阿尔茨海默病有关联的脑部斑块自身会产生妊振区带蛋白，故D. “与阿尔茨海默病有关的大脑斑块产生妊振区带蛋白质”；为正确答案。根据第三段最后一句可知，在一些患者的阿尔茨海默病症状出现之前，妊振区带蛋白质也异常地高，故排除A.；根据第四段可知，出现上述症状的多为女性，而男性则不同，他们患有阿尔茨海默病之前和之后，妊振区带蛋白质的水平是一致的，所以C.陈述错误，故排除；同时可知 B.为本句意思的曲解，故排除。
4
How does the author feel about Dr. Luider's study?
A.
Confuse
B.
Optimistic
C.
Indifferent
D.
Meaningless
本题答案：
A
B
C
D
参考答案：
B
系统解析：
态度题。根据本文最后一句可知，但不管是什么原因，这一发现至少意味着女性可以尽早得知其是否会患有阿尔茨海默病，以及什么时候可能患上阿尔茨海默病——因此，医生可以在她们记忆力减退前采取一些措施。可见，作者对这项研究持乐观的态度，故正确答案为B.“乐观的”。
5
The passage is mainly about_____.
A.
the development stages of Alzheimer's disease
B.
the pregnancy zone protein
C.
a new discovery concerning Alzheimer's disease
D.
patients of Alzheimer's disease
本题答案：
A
B
C
D
参考答案：
C
系统解析：
主旨题。本文开篇第一段指出阿尔茨海默病是难以治愈和难以发现的，并指出阿尔茨海默病预防治疗的一个重要环节，即在患者记忆力减退前诊断出该症状；接下来，第二到四段详述了关于阿尔茨海默病的一项新发现——女性阿尔茨海默病患者体内的妊振区带蛋白质含量比未患此病的女性高很多，甚至在还未患上阿尔茨海默病之前，这些女性患者体内的妊娠区；带蛋白质的含量已经相当的高；第五段分析了出现这一现象的原因；最后一段分析了该实验未解决的疑问以及肯定了这一新发现的意义，综上所述，本文都是围绕“阿尔茨海默病领域的一项新发现”展开的，故C.为正确答案。
When a doctor determines your risk for heart disease, he or she might look at your weight and blood pressure. But soon, they may also look at your neck. Independent of other factors, the width of your neck may play a role in determining your heart disease risk, according to researchers with the National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute’s Framingham Heart Study, who presented their data Wednesday at a meeting of the American Heart Association in Orlando, Fla.
"It's very interesting that neck circumference was associated with ( higher measures of) heart disease risk," said Dr. Vijay Nambi, a cardiologist at the Baylor College of Medicine, who was not involved with the research. He noted that if the results of the preliminary research hold up after further study, it could provide a novel approach in determining a patient’s risk. "We normally end up struggling with trying to find out what are the best measures of obesity and fat?" said Nambi.
Since this is the first presentation of the data，Sarah Rosner Preis, a postdoctoral fellow in NHLBI and the study's lead author, noted that the findings are preliminary. Her findings were that a wider neck was associated with riskier levels of other measurements for heart disease such as higher systolic blood pressure and lower "good" HDL cholesterol一but not heart disease itself. Still, the connection could be an important one if the finding is borne out in future research. And if true, heart disease would join a list of other diseases linked to a thicker neck. "To our knowledge, there has been no study that has specifically examined the association between neck circumference and risk of heart disease, " she said. "Prior studies have suggested that neck circumference may be associated with diabetes, insulin resistance and hypertension."
But even if a thicker neck turns out to be a sign an at-risk heart, Nambi said, that might not mean that measuring your neck alone will ever be a conclusive test that lets a doctor determine heart disease risk. He noted that even now, there is some correlation between waist-to-hip ratio and obesity and heart disease，but cholesterol level and blood pressure remain the measurements of choice in determining heart risk. The reason is that there are numeric goals for cholesterol and blood pressure, but there is not as simple a numeric target for at there are numeric goals for cholesterol and blood pressure，but there is not as simple a numeric target for weight loss. Similarly, he noted, more research would be needed to determine how the circumference of the neck affects heart disease risk in order for the measurement to become useful in the clinic.
Ultimately, said Nambi, research is needed to determine whether the neck fat causes heart disease or if it is just a sign of risks caused by something else. And ultimately, obsessing about your collar size may not be the key to a healthy heart. " When you lose weight from one source, you，re going to lose fat all over your body," he said. "Having a healthy lifestyle, several studies have shown that's the best you can do to improve your (heart health) profile."
6
From this passage, what can we learn about Preis?
A.
She did the study together with Nambi.
B.
She is a doctor in NHLBI.
C.
She did the study under the lead of others.
D.
She hasn't presented the data ever before.
本题答案：
A
B
C
D
参考答案：
D
系统解析：
细节题。从第三段第一句可以看出这些数据是第一次被发表出来，所以可以认为她以前没有发表过这些数据，故[D]正确。第二段对Nambi的介绍中说明他并未参与此研究，[A]与之不符；从第一段和第三段都可以看出，Preis是一名研究员以及博士后,并非一名医生，所以[B]错误；从第三段对Preis的介绍中看出，她是此项研究的领头羊，并非是在别人的带领下，故[C]错误。
7
According to Nambi, which of the following is CORRECT?
A.
A new way of determining heart disease has been proved.
B.
It's clear what's the most efficient way to check overweight.
C.
Just by measuring one's neck, a doctor will confirm heart disease.
D.
A healthy lifestyle will make a difference on your heart health.
本题答案：
A
B
C
D
参考答案：
D
系统解析：
细节题。第二段第二句中，Nambi指出此项研究能够提供一种新的确诊心脏病的方法是有前提的，是建立在更深层次的研究之后的，所以[A]不正确。第二段最后一句提到研究者挣扎着想要找出肥胖和脂肪的最佳测量标准，所以什么是最好的测量肥胖的方式并无定论，[B]错误。倒数第二段第一句阐明即使粗脖子是心脏病的讯号，也不能仅仅通过测量脖子来确诊心脏病，故排除[C]。[D]“—种健康的生活方式将对你的心脏大有好处”与最后一段末句Nambi讲的话相符，所以[D]正确。
8
Nambi can be described as_____.
A.
creative and conceited
B.
ambitious and outgoing
C.
conservative and earnest
D.
pessimistic and moody
本题答案：
A
B
C
D
参考答案：
C
系统解析：
推理题。文章第二、四以及五段大量直接或间接引用了Nambi的话，可以从中推断出其性格特点。在这几段当中，Nambi反复提出假设和转折，以及强调需要更多的、更深层次的研究来证明Preis的观点，即便如此，最后他还是对此观点表不谨慎(obsessing about your collar size may not be the key to a health heart)，并告诫大家健康的生活方式才是根本，所以可知[C]“传统的和谨慎的”用来描述其性格特点较为恰当。[A]“有创造力的和自以为是的”和B.“野心勃勃的和外向的”以及[D]“悲观的和情绪化的”都在文中找不到相应依据，故均排除。
9
Which of the following can best serve as the title of the passage?
A.
A Possible Approach to Checking Heart Disease
B.
The Risk of Heart Disease
C.
The Relation Between Weight and Blood Pressure
D.
How to Improve Your Heart Health
本题答案：
A
B
C
D
参考答案：
A
系统解析：
主旨题。文章第一段主要阐述的是一项新的研究成果；颈围也许会在确诊心脏病方面扮演重要的角色，紧接着下文就通过两个人对这项研究成果的叙述展开了讨论，并说明要想确定此项成果还需要更进一步的研究，可知[A]正确。而[B]“心脏病的危害”、[C]“体重和血压间的关系”和[D]“如何使心脏更健康”都不是文章的中心所在。
A fast-food restaurant within about 500 feet of a school may lead to at least a 5 percent increase in the overweight rate at that school，according to a study released on Friday.
The study, conducted by economists at Columbia University and the University California Berkeley, suggests that "a ban on fast foods in the immediate proximity of schools could have a sizable effect on obesity rates among affected students.”
The researchers looked at how proximity to the restaurants affected obesity rates among 3 million ninth graders at California schools f and more than 1 million pregnant women in Michigan of New Jersey and Texan, They focused on the ninth graders，typically about 14 years old, in part because the students get a fitness lent in the spring about 30 weeks after starting school and exposure to fast food. The study f released by the American Association of Wine Economist, showed that "the presence of a fast-food restaurant within a tenth of a mile of a school is associated with at least a 5.2 percent increase in the obesity rate in that school, " It also found that pregnant women who lived within a tenth of a mile of a fast food restaurant had "a 4.4 percent increase m the probability of gaining aver 20 kilos (44 pounds)."
The study follows one presented last month at an American Stroke Association conference. Researchers from the University of Michigan found people who live in neighborhoods packed with fast-food restaurants are more likely to suffer strokes.
In December, a study found that youth who study within a half mile from a fast-food outlet eat fewer fruit and vegetables, drink more soda and are more likely to be obese than students at other schools.
Janet Currie, lead researcher of the wine economists' study, said that it might be a good policy to have a fast-food-free zone if fast food near schools causes obesity. "It would not be so different in spirit from existing policies that aim to prohibit soft drinks and junk foods in schools or to improve the quality of school lunch, "she said.
A spokeswoman for Yum! Brands, the parent company of KFC, Pizza Hut, Taco Bell and Long John Silver's, declined to comment, saying she had not seen the study. Burger King did not return calls seeking comment. A McDonald's spokeswoman referred calls to the National Retail Federation, a trade group in Washington.
"I think it would be a dangerous precedent to limit the types of legitimate, important businesses and where they're located in a city," federation spokeswoman Ellen Davis said. "Doesn't it make more sense for parents to limit a child's allowance or let them know when and where they can，t eat certain things?” Davis added that restaurants have changed their menus in the last five years, especially for children's meals. “We see many healthy options available——slices of apple, milk instead of sodas... It’s important to note that many chain restaurants have tried to diversify their menus and make them healthier. "
10
Which of the following is INCORRECT about the study mentioned in Paragraph 2?
A.
It agreed that fast foods should be far away from school.
B.
It didn't research the people in Columbia.
C.
It proved that fast foods may lead to strokes.
D.
It showed that children had worse situation than pregnant women.
本题答案：
A
B
C
D
参考答案：
C
系统解析：
细节题。第四讲到在此研究之前，即上个月的时候，在美国中风协会会议上来自密歇根州大学的研究人员陈述了一个研究得出了快餐店附近的居民更容易得中风，所以并非这个快餐导致中风的结论，可知答案为[C]。通过第一段可知，此研究的结论就是学校距离快餐店过近会导致孩子增加5%的体重。据此可推知，此研究应赞同快餐食品远离学校，排除[A]；虽然从第二段可以看出，此研究是由哥伦比亚大学和加州大学伯克利分校的经济学家们进行的但第三段中点明研究的对象是来自于加州的孩子以及密歇根州、新泽西州和得克萨斯州的孕妇，排除[B]；第三段最后两句讲到由于受快餐店的影响，孩子的体重增加了5.2%，孕妇的体重增加了44%，说明孩子的情况比孕妇更糟糕，排除[D]。
11
"It" in Paragraph 6 refers to_____.
A.
obesity
B.
the above study
C.
fast food
D.
a good policy
本题答案：
A
B
C
D
参考答案：
D
系统解析：
语义题。本文第六段中Currie提到现有的政策旨在禁止校内软饮料以及垃圾食品或提高校供午餐的质量，所以从精神方面来讲它与现行的政策没有太大不同，说明“它”肯定和政策有关。此外，本段首句讲到，如果学校附近的快餐店会导致肥胖的话，设立无快餐区也许会是一个好政策。综上所述，[D]为正确答案。
12
Which of the following can we infer from the last three paragraphs?
A.
McDonald's shared the same opinion with Ellen Davis.
B.
Yum! Brands held different opinion from Burger King.
C.
Janet Currie preferred new policy to present policies.
D.
Ellen Davis thought limiting children's money made no sense.
本题答案：
A
B
C
D
参考答案：
A
系统解析：
推理题。倒数第二段讲到麦当劳的女发言人委托美国零售联合会做出回应，而从最后一段中可以看出，美国零售联合会的女发言人正是Ellen Davis，并且她的发言倾向于快餐行业，所以可以推断出麦当劳和Ellen Davis持有相同的观点，故[A]正确。倒数第二段中Yum! Brands和Burger King都没有对新政策做出回应，并不能说明他们的意见相左，故[B]错误；第六段中Currie认为新政策与现行政策并没有什么不同，可以看出她对两方并没有偏好，故[C]错误；最后一段第二句话中，Davis用一个反问句表达了对家长的不满，她认为家长应该限制孩子的零用钱，故[D]也错误。
13
According to the passage，which may NOT be the reason for children's overweight?
A.
Eating fewer fruit and vegetables.
B.
Being unaware of self-control,
C.
School lunch of low quality.
D.
Restaurants, changing menus for children
本题答案：
A
B
C
D
参考答案：
D
系统解析：
细节题。最后一段讲到，五年前快餐店就改变了儿童餐的菜单，增加了很多健康的选择，说明这一举动对孩子的体型是有积极作用的，故[D]并非孩子增重的原因，为答案。第五段中的一项研究表明，快餐会导致孩子吃过少的水果、蔬菜以及饮用过多的汽水从而导致肥胖，所以[A]错误；最后一段第二句话中Davis也强调由于家长对孩子疏于管理，导致孩子的肥胖，其根本原因还是孩子自控力的缺乏所导致的，故[B]错误；从第六段最后一句可以看出，提高校供午餐质量和禁止软饮料以及垃圾食品有相同的作用，所 以低质量的校供午餐也是孩子肥胖的原因，故[C]也不符合题意。
Google has an ambitious vision for spectacles. On June 27th Sergey Brin, one of the company co-founders，revealed the next stage of Project Glass, its effort to create wireless-connected glasses that allow their wearers to do a host of things, including receiving and responding to messages, and taking and sharing photos and videos. The goal is to get prototypes in the hands of software developers early next year and then to sell a more polished set of specs to consumers in late 2013 or early the following year.
A product of Google's secretive X Lab, whose mission is to push the boundaries of computing, the glasses were on show at the company's developer conference in San Francisco along with several other gadgets, including a cheap tablet computer and a new wireless media player for the home. These gadgets attracted plenty of attention, but the longest queues at the event were at booths where folk were trying on Google's spectacles.
That is hardly surprising because the glasses seem like something out of a science-fiction novel. A liny transparent display towards the top of one lens allows wearers to see text and images by glancing upwards. And the spectacles can be controlled using either voice commands or a somewhat bulky touchpad integrated into one of the arms. Mr. Brin says the goal is to "get technology out of the way" so people can, say, take videos without having to pull out a camera or smartphone each time they do so.
Google's glasses reflect a growing interest in wearable computing, which many experts think could be the next big thing in personal technology after smartphones and tablets. But some tech veterans give warning that designing novel devices people feel comfortable wearing is an especially tricky task. "In general, the first attempt at producing new computing paradigms rarely sticks ," notes Sumeet Jain of CMEA Capital, a venture-capital firm.
If Google's glasses are to prove an exception to that rule, the firm will have to meet several challenges. One is to refine their design so that wearers don't look like nerds from a laboratory. Another is to relieve inevitable concerns around privacy that the glasses will raise. The firm will also need to reassure people their eyeballs won't be blitzed with advertising, which is Google's preferred way to mint money. Mr. Brin stresses the aim is to make a profit on the glasses themselves, whose mass-market price will be well below the $ 1,500 developers are paying for a pair. That should make them worth a close look.
14
When could software developers get prototypes of the spectacles?
A.
Late 2012.
B.
Early 2013.
C.
Late 2013.
D.
Early 2014.
本题答案：
A
B
C
D
参考答案：
B
系统解析：
推理题。文章第一段最后一句提到“...get prototypes in the hands of software developers early next year”，表明是在明年年初让软件开发者拿到产品原型，而该句的后半句表明在2013年年末或者2014年年初向消费者出售更加精良的眼镜，由此推断出软件开发者得到产品原型的时间早于[C]“2013年年末”和[D]“2014年年初”，而[A]“2012年年末”与文中的“明年年初”矛盾，所以正确答案只能是[B]“2013年年初”。
15
The most popular product at GoogIe9s developer conference in San Francisco was_____.
A.
tablet computer
B.
wireless media player
C.
the spectacles
D.
smart phone
本题答案：
A
B
C
D
参考答案：
C
系统解析：
推理题。文章第二段最后一句提到这些小发明吸引了广泛的关注，但此次活动中排队最长的是谷歌眼镜试戴展位，由排队最长可推断出在旧金山公司的开发者会议上最受欢迎的产品是谷歌眼镜，所以选[C]。[A]“平板电脑”和[B]“无线媒体播放器”是上一句中提到的小发明，所以排除；[D]“智能手机”在第四段第一句有所提及，但并未指出其参与了此次展出，故排除。
16
Some experts believe it is a difficult task to_____.
A.
design new devices worn comfortably
B.
increase customers，interests in the spectacles
C.
push the boundaries of wearable computing
D.
invent new wearable computing devices
本题答案：
A
B
C
D
参考答案：
A
系统解析：
细节题。文章第四段第二句提到，但是一些资深技术人员警告称设计使人们佩戴舒适的新装置是一件非常棘手的任务，所以[A]“设计可以舒适佩戴的新装置”为正确答案。[B]“增加客户对眼镜的兴趣”在文中并未提及，故排除；[C]“拓宽可佩戴的计算领域”在第二段第一句有所提及，但这是谷歌X实验室的使命；[D]“发明新的可佩戴的计算设备”在第四段最后一句有所提及，但这是风险投资公司CMEA Capital的萨米特?杰恩所说的话，故排除。
17
Which of the following is NOT among the challenges to be met by Google?
A.
To improve the design of the glasses.
B.
To ease people's concerns about privacy.
C.
To make people stop worrying about advertising.
D.
To earn a profit by increasing the mass-market price
本题答案：
A
B
C
D
参考答案：
D
系统解析：
细节题。第五段第五句提到盈利和眼镜的大众市场版价格，但是指谷歌的目标是要通过眼镜本身来盈利，眼镜的大众市场版价格将远低于1500美元一副的开发者购买价格，而不是提高大众市场版价格，故[D]为正确答案。由第五段第二至四句可知，谷歌要应对的三个挑战分别是改良设计、 困扰用户的隐私问题、确保用户远离广告的狂轰滥炸，所以[A]、[B]和[C]均可排除。
In The Art of Choosing，Sheena Iyengar, a business professor at Columbia University and a leading expert on decision making, tells us that making sound choices is even more difficult than we think. To learn how to make better decisions，we first need to become aware of the pitfalls (陷讲）we typically encounter.
Iyengar reveals，for example，that having many options to choose from does not lead to better outcomes despite popular assumptions to the contrary. For instance, she found that consumers were far more likely to buy jam when given fewer flavor choices, not more. "We frequently pay a mental and emotional tax for freedom of choice, " she writes. To become better choosers，Iyengar proposes that when confronted with an abundance of options，people should focus first on the easiest elements of the decision and work up to the more complex parts.
She illustrates this point using one study in which Audi buyers had to choose among 144 total car features. One group started with the features that required fewer options, such as whether they wanted leather or upholstered interiors, and worked up to features with many options, such as choosing among 56 colors for the car’s interior and exterior. The other group started with the hardest choices and moved toward the easier ones. In the end, those in the group that went from the hardest to easiest spent an average of 1，500 euros more on their cars than the other group and reported they were less happy with their decisions.
Iyengar also explains that we often make decisions not based on our tastes but on how we think our decisions will be perceived. In 2000 a team of psychologists at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Columbia University showed that people receiving a free sample of beer chose against their tastes to avoid looking like copycats to their peers. Individuals who picked their beers in private, however, chose what they enjoyed and said they were happy with their decisions. Iyengar points out that the people who chose against their tastes were often unconscious of what motivated their decisions. Thus, she proposes that one way to avoid strong and sometimes silent influences is to try to become more aware of them in the first place.
Ultimately, Iyengar wants us to recognize that our decisions—both the mundane (普通的） momentous—are influenced by many factors and that the more we recognize those factors, the more satisfied we will be.
18
When faced with many choices, people should_____.
A.
only focus on the easiest elements
B.
only focus on the hardest elements
C.
start from the easiest to the hardest
D.
start from the hardest to the easiest
本题答案：
A
B
C
D
参考答案：
C
系统解析：
细节题。根据第二段最后一句提到的艾杨格建议人们在面临大量选择时，首先应该把注意力集中于决策中最简单的环节上，然后再逐步过渡到较为复杂的环节上，由此可知[C]“由最容易的到最困难的"为正确答案，同时排除其他三个选项。
19
Compared with the other group, those Audi buyers who started from the hardest choices to the easiest ones______
A.
spent less money and were happier
B.
spent less money and were happy
C.
spent more money and were happier
D.
spent more money and were less happy
本题答案：
A
B
C
D
参考答案：
D
系统解析：
细节题。根据第三段最后一句提到的与另一组相比，这些由难到易小组的成员平均每人多花费1500欧元购车，并表明对自己的决定不是很满意，由此可知[D]为正确答案。其他选项均不符合文意，故排除。
20
According to Paragraph 4, which of the following stalements is INCORRECT?
A.
People chose the beer against their tastes so that they wouldn’t be thought to imitate others.
B.
People could realize what caused them to choose again their own tastes in public.
C.
People enjoyed the beer that they chose in private and were satisfied with the choice.
D.
People often chose the beer based on their tastes in private but against them in public.
本题答案：
A
B
C
D
参考答案：
B
系统解析：
细节题。原文第四段第四句指出，做出违背自身喜好的人选择时，经常意识不到自己做此决定的动机，故[B]“人们能意识到是什么导致其在公共场合时会做出违背自身喜好的选择”是错误的表述，故[B]为本题答案。而该段第二句提到喝免费啤酒的人选择违背自身喜好的口味是为了避免被认为是模仿者，所以[A]是对原文的同义转述，符合文意：本段第三句提到私下挑选啤酒的人会选择自己喜欢的口味并表示对自己的决定感到很高兴，因此[C]符合文意；[D]“在私下场合里人们进行选择时经常会按照自己的喜好来选，而在公开场合则会违背自身的喜好”可以很明显地从第四段的实验中推断得出，所以也是正确的陈述。
21
To make a good decision, Iyengar made the following suggestions EXCEPT that we need to_____.
A.
A.know what difficulties we are facing with
B.
B.have more options to select from
C.
C.notice those strong and silent influences at first
D.
D.recognize more factors affecting our decisions
本题答案：
A
B
C
D
参考答案：
B
系统解析：
细节题。原文第二段第一句指出，艾杨格表示，拥有更多的选项并不能带来更好的结果，由此可知，[B]“我们需要拥有更多的选项来供我们选择”并不是艾杨格所提出的建议，故为本题答案。原文第一段最后一句指出要学会如何做出更好的决定，首先我们需要弄明白哪些是通常会进到的困难，[A]“我们需要知道我们所面临的问题”符合该建议所表述的内容，故排除；原文第四段最后—句指出艾杨格提出有一种方式能避免这些强大的、潜移默化的影响因素，那就是从一开始我们就更加了解这些影响因素，[C]“我们首先需要注意这些潜移默化的强大的影响因素”符合该句文意，故排除；原文最后一段表明艾杨格想让我们认识到，我们的决定——不论是普通的还是重大的——都受到许多因素的影响,而我们对这些因素的认识越多，我们就会感觉越满意，[D]“我们需要意识到更多的影响我们决定的因素”正是艾杨格在本段所提出的建议，故也排除。
22
What does the passage mainly discuss?
A.
How to make better decisions.
B.
The factors affecting our decisions.
C.
How to recognize the factors influencing our choices.
D.
The obstacles in making better choices.
本题答案：
A
B
C
D
参考答案：
A
系统解析：
主旨题。在本文第一段中艾杨格建议人们要做出更好的决定，首先需要了解哪些是会遇到的困难；在第二段中艾杨格认为拥有很多的选择并不能导致更好的结果，所以她建议人们在面临大量选择时，应该由易到难；该建议在第三段中通过对比两组奥迪汽车购买者得到了进一步说明和强调；在第四段中艾杨格通过在公开场合选择啤酒口味的例子说明有很多潜移默化的因素会影响人们的决定，她建议避免这些影响的方法就是从一开始就更了解它们；在最后一段中艾杨格建议人们了解更多影响决定的因素。综上所述，我们可以看出本文主要阐明的是艾杨格建议如何做出更好的决定，[A]“如何做出更好的决定”是正确答案。[B]“影响我们决定的因素”、[C]“如何认识这些会影响我们选择的因素”和[D]“那些影响我们做出更好选择的障碍”虽然都是本文所提及的内容，但并不是本文的主旨所在，故均排除。
Wearable gadget like smart watches and Google Glass can seem like a fad that all the durability of CB radios or Duran Duran, but they’re important early signs of a new era of technology that will drive investment and innovation for year.
Teach companies are pushing out waves of wearable technology products all of them clumsy and none of them yet really catching on. Samsung is excitedly hawking its Galaxy Gear smart watch, and Google, Qualcomm (高通公司），and others are expected to come out with competing versions. Google Glass gets lots of gee-whiz attention, and every other day, someone new introduces a fitness tracker, a GPS kid-monitoring bracelet,, or-yeah, seriously-interactive underwear.
These are all part of a powerful trend: Over the past 40 years, digital technology has consistently moved from far away to close to us.
Go back long enough，and computers the size of Buicks stayed in the back rooms of big companies. Most people never touched them. By the late 1970s, technology started moving to office desks-first as terminals connected to those hidden computers, and then as early personal computers.
The next stage； We wanted digital technology in our homes, so we bought desktop PCs. A “portable” computer in the mid-1980s, like the first Compaq, was the size of a carry-on suitcase and about as easy to lug as John Goodman. But by the 1990s, laptops got better and smaller, for the first time liberating technology from a place and attaching it more to a person.
Now we want our technology with us all the time. This era of the smartphone and tablet began with the iPhone in 2007, The “with us” era is accelerating even now: IBM announced that it's making its powerful Watson computing—the technology that beat humans on Jeopardy! —available in the cloud, so it can be accessed by consumers on a smart device. In technology's inexorable inarch from far away to close to us, now with us, there are only three places left for it to go: on us, all around us, and then in us.
“Wearable is the next paradigm shift,” says Philippe Kahn, who invented the camera phone and developing innards for wearable tech. “We are going to see a lot of innovation in wearable in the next seven years，by 2020. “
Hard to know which products will catch on. Classes are an obvious way to wear a screen, but most people don’t want to look like a tech geek(极客). The masses might get interested if Google Class can be invisibly built into hot-looking frames. A start-up called Telepathy is developing a slim arm that holds a microprojector that shoots images back to your eye. Another concept is to build a device with a tiny projector that suspends text or images out in front of you，like a heads-up display.
23
According to the passage, which of the following statements is INCORRECT?
A.
Wearable products are warmly welcomed by customers.
B.
Wearable products are a signal of new technology era.
C.
Samsung has launched its wearable gadget.
D.
Wearable products are clumsy at this stage.
本题答案：
A
B
C
D
参考答案：
A
系统解析：
细节题。第二段第一句提到，技术公司兴起一股可穿戴产品的浪潮，这些产品都很笨重，没有一款真正地流行起来，由此可知，可穿戴产品并没有受到消费者的热烈欢迎，故选[A]，同时排除[D]。第一段后半部分提到，可穿戴设备都是技术新时代的重要的早期信号，引领了多年的投资和创新，故排除[B]；第二段第二句提到，三星热切地推出了Galaxy Gear智能手表，故排除[C].
24
Compared to 1980s, what is the biggest development of portable computers in 1990s?
A.
They are easier to carry and closer to their users.
B.
Their appearance is more elegant.
C.
They are found on desktop instead of back rooms.
D.
Computer producers provide more brands for selection.
本题答案：
A
B
C
D
参考答案：
A
系统解析：
细节题。根据第五段第二、三句可知，20世纪80年代中期的便携式电脑，例如康柏电脑，像手提箱那么大，携带起来就像拖拽着健硕的约翰?古德曼。但是到了20世纪90年代，笔记本电脑变得更好、更智能了，数字技术首次突破了地方的限制，与个人更紧密地结合起来。由此可知，[A]为正确答案。[B]和[D]文章没有提及，故排除；根据第四段第三句可知，[C]讲的是20世纪70年代的电脑与之前电脑的区别，故排除。
25
According to the passage，what is the beginning of “with us” era?
A.
The invention of first Compaq.
B.
The use of desktop PCs.
C.
The launch of iPhone.
D.
The use of Watson computing.
本题答案：
A
B
C
D
参考答案：
C
系统解析：
细节题。根据第六段前两句可知，现在，我们想让技术时刻在身边。智能手机和平板电脑的时代开始于2007年iPhone的发布。紧接着，第三句又提到，现在，“与我们同在”的时代依然在加速。 由此可知，iPhone的推出标志着“与我们同在”时代的开端，故选[C]。
26
What In Philippe Kahn’s attitude towards wearable tech products?
A.
Pessimistic.
B.
Indifferent.
C.
Optimistic.
D.
Critical.
本题答案：
A
B
C
D
参考答案：
C
系统解析：
态度题。根据第七段第二句可知，菲利普?卡恩称，在接下来的七年中，也就是到2020年，我们将会看到可穿戴设备的大量创新，由此可知，他对于可穿戴设备的态度是“乐观的”，故选[C]。A.“悲观的”、B.“漠不关心的”和D.“批判的”均可排除。
27
Why is Google Glass not accepted by most people?
A.
Because it is too fashionable for ordinary people.
B.
Because people wearing it look like
C.
Because it is not so powerful to technology fans.
D.
Because its frame is invisible.
本题答案：
A
B
C
D
参考答案：
B
系统解析：
细节题。根据第八段第二句可知，想要看一块屏幕，戴眼镜是一个显而易见的方式，但是大部分人都不想让自己看起来像一个极客。第八段第三句进一步提到，如果谷歌眼镜可以隐形地置于新潮的镜架内，大家可能会更有兴趣。由此可知，多数人没有接受谷歌眼镜，是因为戴着谷歌眼镜太像极客，故选[B]。
Every 101 minutes or so, a Department of Defense imaging satellite circles the Earth, capturing images from the equator to the polar ice caps. It's that DOD drone ( colorfully named the DMSPF-17 ) that monitors geologic changes，such as the decreasing size of the Arctic and Antarctic ice covers. The images it snaps are the ones most people see 6f the Earth's two white domes，which have been steadily diminishing for the past decade.
Skimming over the top of the world feels a bit like being on a different planet, according to Rick Steiner, a marine conservation researcher at the University of Alaska. For the past two years, Steiner has led research missions flying low over thousands of miles of Arctic seas for a handful of polar climate scientists, some of whom work for the federal government. He times the daylong voyage to coincide with the time of year when sea ice is at a minimum, the exact end of summer melting in mid-September, before the autumn cool begins to refreeze some of the water.① Having lived in Alaska for 30 years，Steiner can tell you in personal detail how the minimum has shrunk from year to year. He calls the voyage his annual "bearing witness to the Arctic crisis" trip.
The crisis has been mapped out in precise detail in slide shows and research papers, with startling statistics. The past three summers have seen the lowest ice volume ever recorded, according to data released annually by the National Snow and Ice Data Center (NSIDC). The sea-ice minimum in 2007 (1.6 million square miles) was the single lowest year, with nearly 40 percent less ice than the seasonal average recorded over the past three decades. And the problem is only expected to worsen. As the ice melts, it releases highly concentrated carbon and methane (甲烧）that is locked in the permafrost (永冻层），creating an accelerating warming loop. An additional compounding factor is that dark oceans absorb more of the sun's energy than light-colored ice, which reflects a large portion of it. That means that the more ice melts over the summer，the more open ocean there is，which leads to more absorbed energy and warmer oceans，which means that less ice forms the following winter, which leads to even more open ocean the following year.② Early this past summer, researchers thought 2009 would be even worse than 2007 in terms of melting，until a late-arriving wind from the equator brought cool air that prevented even more melting.
"When you，re actually looking out the window and seeing mile after mile of warm ocean water where there used to be sea ice that you once walked around on, it gives you the certainty that something major is going on there," says James Overland，a marine environmental researcher with the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. The thickness of the ice and water temperatures——which were also measured at disturbingly high levels by Steiner and his team this year——are also measurements you can't make by peering at satellite images.
28
When is the sea ice at a minimum in a year?
A.
In the middle of summer.
B.
At the end of summer.
C.
In the middle of September.
D.
At the beginning of autumn.
本题答案：
A
B
C
D
参考答案：
C
系统解析：
推理题。第二段第三句提到，他选择一年中海冰量最少的时间进行为期一天的航程，即从九月中旬夏季融冰期结束之时到秋季新一轮的冰冻开始之前。可知，海冰量最少的时间是9月中旬， 故[C]为正确答案，同时排除其他三项。
29
According to the passage, ice-melting doesn't lead to_____.
A.
highly concentrated carbon and methane
B.
an accelerating warming loop
C.
more sun’s energy absorbed by dark oceans
D.
more open ocean
本题答案：
A
B
C
D
参考答案：
A
系统解析：
细节题。第三段第五句提到，冰层融化释放了常年冻结带中高度聚集的碳和甲烷，从而导致气温加速循环上升。可知，[A]“高度聚集的碳和甲烷”不是冰层融化的结果，所以[A]为本题答案。其他三项都是冰层融化的结果，故均排除。
30
What is another important factor to accelerate the warming loop?
A.
Dark oceans absorb more of the sun's energy than light-colored ice.
B.
There is more carbon dioxide emitted by vehicles.
C.
The wind from the equator is less and less from year to year.
D.
Human's behavior brings damage to Arctic and Antarctic ice covers.
本题答案：
A
B
C
D
参考答案：
A
系统解析：
细节题。由第三段第六句可知，另一个加速气温上升的因素是深色的海水要比浅色的冰吸收更多的太阳能，所以[A]为正确答案。[B]、[C]和[D]在本文都没有被提及，所以都排除。
31
Which of the following is CORRECT according to this passage?
A.
Scientists have already got statistics to prove Arctic crisis.
B.
2009 is even worse than 2007 in terms of ice melting.
C.
Mile after mile of warm ocean water tells us some minor changes are happening there.
D.
We can know the exact thickness of the ice and water temperatures from satellite images.
本题答案：
A
B
C
D
参考答案：
A
系统解析：
推理题。由第三段第一句可知，科学家已经获得证明北极危机的数据，所以[A]为正确答案。由第三段最后一句可知，B.“在冰层融化上，2009年比2007年更糟糕”不正确，故排除；根据最后一段第一句可知，[C]“大面积温暖的海水告诉我们一些小变化在发生”不正确，故排除；根据最后一段最后一句可知，D.“你能从卫星图片上知道冰层的确切厚度和海水温度”不正确，故排除。
32
What is the main idea of the passage?
A.
Ice covers have been diminishing for the past decade.
B.
It is DOD drone that monitors geologic changes.
C.
Steiner's annual voyages bear witness to the Arctic crisis.
D.
Ice-melting is creating an accelerating warming loop.
本题答案：
A
B
C
D
参考答案：
D
系统解析：
主旨题。作者在这篇文章里主要讨论了南北极冰层面正在逐年减少的原因：冰层融化释放了常年冻结带中的高度聚集的碳和甲烷，导致气温上升；而气温越高，融冰就越多，因此暴露在阳光下的海水面积就越大，致使海洋吸收更多阳光，海水温度越高，积冰就越少，进而又加速了气温的上升。所以[D]“融冰正促使一个气温加速变暖的循环形成”准确地概括了文章大意，为正确答案。 其他三项都不够全面，不足以概括全文大意，故均排除。
The never-ceasing pace of scientific accomplishment often surpasses the progress of moral thought，leaving people struggling to make sense, initially at least, of whether heart transplants are ethical or test-tube babies desirable.① Over the past three decades scientists have begun to investigate a branch of medicine that offers astonishing promise—the ability to repair the human body and even grow new organs—but which destroys early-stage embryos to do so. In "The Stem Cell Hope" Alice Park, a science writer at Time magazine, chronicles the scientific, political, ethical and personal struggles of those involved in the work.
Embryonic stem cells are pluripotent (多能性的): they have the ability to change into any one of the 200-odd types of cell that compose the human body; but they can do so only at a very early stage. Once the bundle has reached more than about 150 cells, they start to specialize. Research into repairing severed spinal cords or growing new hearts has thus needed a supply of stem cells that come from entities that, given a more favorable environment, could instead grow into a baby.②
Immediately after the announcement of the birth of Dolly the sheep——the clone of an adult ewe whose mammary (乳腺的）cells Ian Wilmut had tricked into behaving like a developing embryo—American scientists were hauled before the nation's politicians who were uneasy at the implication that people might also be cloned. Concern at the speed of scientific progress had previously stalled publicly funded research into controversial topics, for example, into in vitro fertilization. But it did not stop the work from taking place: instead the IVF industry blossomed in the private sector, funded by couples desperate for a baby and investors who had spotted a profitable new market.
That is also what happened with human stem cells. After a prolonged struggle over whether to ban research outright—which pitted Nancy Reagan, whose husband suffered from Alzheimer's disease, against a father who asked George Bush，s advisers, "Which one of my children would you kill?"——Mr. Bush blocked the use of government money to fund research on any new human embryonic stem-cell cultures.③ But research did not halt completely: Geron, a biopharmaceutical (生物制药的）company based in Menlo Park, California, had started "to mop up this orphaned innovation" as Ms Park puts it, by recruiting researchers whose work brought them into conflict with the funding restrictions.
Meanwhile, in South Korea a scientist claimed not only to have cloned human embryos but also to have created patient-specific cultures that could, in theory, be used to patch up brain damage or grow a kidney. Alas, he was wrong. But a Japanese scientist did manage to persuade adult skin cells to act like stem cells. If it proves possible to scale up his techniques，that would remove the source of the controversy over stem-cell research.
Three months after he took office, Barack Obama lifted restrictions on federal funding for research on new stem-cell cultures, saying that he thought sound science and moral values were consistent with one another. But progress has been slow: the first human trials in America, involving two people with spinal-cord injuries who have been injected with stem cells developed by Geron, are only just under way. The sick children who first inspired scientists to conduct research into stem cells in order to develop treatments that might help them are now young adults. As Ms Park notes, the fight over stem-cell research is not over, and those who might benefit from stem-cell medicine remain in need.
33
We can infer from Paragraph 1 that_____.
A.
scientific achievements occur at a slower rate than people's expectation
B.
repairing human bodies and growing new organs have already been realized
C.
Alice Park has proved the meaning of stem cells in "The Stem Cell Hope"
D.
people are concerned about moral and ethical implications of scientific research
本题答案：
A
B
C
D
参考答案：
D
系统解析：
推理题。根据文章第一段可知，科学进步的步伐经常超越人们的心理和道德接受的速度。从最初的心脏移植、试管婴儿到更先进的身体修复和器官在原体内的重新生长的科学愿景，人们一直在疑惑这样的科学成就是否合乎道德标准或值得期待，一位科学家就这些问题写了一篇关于这一研究在科学、政治、道德和私人层面上带来的潜在影响的文章。综上所述，我们可以推断出人们对这些科研的道德影响很关注，故[D]为正确答案，同时排除[A]和[C]。根据第一段第二句“在过去的三十年里，科学家们已经开始研究将给我们带来神奇效果的医学分支——人体修复和新器官的培育生长”，可知[B]陈述错误，故排除。
34
As a result of the birth of Dolly and an adult ewe,_____.
A.
American scientists were strongly criticized for human cloning
B.
government-funded researches were banned from controversial topics
C.
American universities started to conduct similar research overseas
D.
the IVF industry is starting to disappear in the US
本题答案：
A
B
C
D
参考答案：
B
系统解析：
细节题。第三段首先提到多利的诞生以及威尔穆特成功克隆了一只成年的母羊，之后提到这样做产生的结果，即美国科学家被立刻传唤到政客面前，他们对于人可能会被克隆的潜在影响感到不安。对科学进步速度的忧虑使得美国政府停止了对诸如试管受精等有争议性领域的科研资助，故[B]为正确答案，同时可知，[A]是对此句的曲解和无根据的引申，故排除。[C]“美国大学开始在海外进行类似的研究”文中未提及，故排除；根据本段最后一句提到的（美国政府对试管受精研究资助的暂停）并没有使该研究停滞；相反的是，试管受精工业在私营经济领域繁荣起来，而急切想要孩子的夫妇们和看到新市场有利可图的投资者为其提供了资金，由此可知，[D]的陈述与原文不符，故排除。
35
What does the author mean by saying Geron "had started to ‘mop up this orphaned innovation’" (Paragraph 4) ?
A.
Geron ends government interference in this area.
B.
Geron settles the disputes over stem cell research.
C.
Geron follows up the research on their own.
D.
Geron rallies for the research.
本题答案：
A
B
C
D
参考答案：
C
系统解析：
语义题。根据第四段第二句提到的布什总统阻断了联邦政府对任何新的人类胚胎干细胞培育的资助以及第三句提到的但是（对人类干细胞的）研究并没有完全停止……Geron公司开始招聘研究员，他们的工作是与政府资助基金的限制相矛盾的，由此可知，此处阐述的是Geron开始着手资助研发，故得出[C]“靠他们自身的力量继续此研究”为正确答案，同时排除[A]“结束政府对这一领域的干预”。[B]“解决关于干细胞研究的争论”和[D]“举行集会以支持这一研究”在文中并未提及，故均排除。
36
Which of the following statements is CORRECT about the stem cell research?
A.
Embryonic stem cells are changeable even in the late stage.
B.
Growing new hearts in a patient needs stem cells from an adult donator.
C.
Research findings by a Japanese scientist might end the controversy.
D.
President Obama agrees with George Bush concerning the issue.
本题答案：
A
B
C
D
参考答案：
C
系统解析：
细节题。根据第五段最后两句提到的但一位日本科学家确实成功地使成人的皮肤细胞表现得像干细胞一样。如果可以证明他的技术可被批量生产，那将会切断干细胞研究争议的源头，由此可知，[C]“一个日本科学家的研究发现可能会终止争议”为正确答案。根据第二段第一句提到的胚胎干细胞具有多能性：它们能发育为200多种人体细胞的任意一种，但只能在其初期阶段完成这些变化，由此可知，[A]“胚胎干细胞在晚期阶段也是可变的”陈述错误，故排除；根据第二段最后一句提到，修复受伤严重的脊髓或培植新心脏的研究需要干细胞的供给，这些干细胞来自在合适条件下能够发育成婴儿的实体，由此可知，[B]“在病人身体里长出新的心脏需要成人捐献者的干细胞”是对此句句意的曲解，故排除；在干细胞研究的问题上，第四段提到布什总统阻断了联邦政府对其的资助，而在第六段则提到奥巴马总统解除了联邦政府资金上对干细胞研究的限制，可知[D]“在这个问题上，奥巴马总统同意乔治?布什的看法”陈述错误，故排除。
37
What is the author's tone in writing the passage?
A.
Enthusiastic.
B.
Objective.
C.
Satirical.
D.
Doubtful.
本题答案：
A
B
C
D
参考答案：
B
系统解析：
态度题。本文介绍了政府、公司、科学家和公众对由克隆技术启发、推动的胚胎干细胞研究的接受和反应，并简要描述了干细胞的特性。全文语调客观，作者没有夹杂任何感情色彩，故[B]“客观的”为正确答案。[A]“热情的”、[C]“讽刺的”和[D]“怀疑的”均不正确，故排除。
There are a number of methods of joining metal articles together, depending on the type of metal and the strength of the joint which is required.① Soldering gives a satisfactory joint for light articles of steel, copper or brass, but the strength of a soldered joint is rather less than a joint which is brazed, riveted or welded. These methods of joining metal are normally adopted for strong permanent joints.
The simplest method of welding two pieces of metal together is known as pressure welding. The ends of metal are heated to a white heat for iron, the welding temperature should be about 1,300℃——in a flame.② At this temperature the metal becomes plastic. The ends are then pressed or hammered together, and the joint is smoothed off. Care must be taken to ensure that the surfaces are thoroughly clean first, for dirt will weaken the weld. Moreover, the heating of iron or steel to a high temperature causes oxidation, and a film of oxide is formed on the heated surfaces. For this reason, a flux is applied to the heated metal. At welding heat，the flux melts，and the oxide particles are dissolved in it together with any other impurities which may be present. The metal surfaces are pressed together, and the flux is squeezed out from the centre of the weld. A number of different types of weld may be used, but for fairly thick bars of metal，a vee-shaped weld should be employed.It is rather stronger than the ordinary butt weld.
The heat for fusion welding is generated in several ways, depending on the sort of metal which is being welded and on its shape. An extremely hot flame can be produced from an oxyacetylene torch. For certain welds an electric arc is used. In this method, an electric current is passed across two electrodes, and the metal surfaces are places between them. The electrodes are sometimes made of carbon, but more frequently they are metallic. The work itself constitutes one of them and the other is an insulated filler rod. An arc is struck between the two, and the heat which is generated melts the metal at the weld. A different method is usually employed for welding sheets or plates of metal together. This is known as spot welding. Two sheets or plates are placed together with a slight overlap, and a current is passed between the electrodes. At welding temperature, a strong pressure is applied to the metal sheets. The oxide film, and any impurities which are trapped between the sheets, are squeezed out, and the weld is made.
38
Which of the following statements can NOT be inferred from the first paragraph?
A.
Different methods of joining metal articles determine different strength of the joints.
B.
Soldering can't produce strong permanent joints.
C.
Soldering produces a satisfactory joint for light articles of steel, copper or brass.
D.
The strength of the joint which is brazed，riveted or welded is much more than the joint which is soldered.
本题答案：
A
B
C
D
参考答案：
B
系统解析：
推理题。第一段末句说“These methods of joining metal are normally adopted for strong permanent joints.”其中these methods包括soldering(钎焊），故[B]与原文不符，是正确答案。
39
Which method of welding is the simplest for the welders to operate?
A.
Fusion welding.
B.
Gas welding.
C.
Pressure welding.
D.
Spot welding.
本题答案：
A
B
C
D
参考答案：
C
系统解析：
细节题。从文章第二段第一句“The simplest method of welding two pieces of metal together is known as pressure welding.”可知，加压焊(pressure welding)操作起来最简便，所以[C]是正确答案。
40
The word "flux" in Paragraph 2 means_____.
A.
a situation in which things are changing a lot
B.
flowing out
C.
substance mixed with metal to promote fusion
D.
continuous succession of changes
本题答案：
A
B
C
D
参考答案：
C
系统解析：
语义题。根据上下文中的“For this reason, a flux is applied to the heated metal. At welding heat, the flux melts, and the oxide particles...and the flux is squeezed out from the centre of the weld. ”可知，flux 有助于焊接表面氧化物的熔解，可以推测出该物质可加速金属的融化和熔合，所以[C]是正确答案。
41
The last type of welding introduced in the passage is_____.
A.
fusion welding
B.
gas welding
C.
pressure welding
D.
spot welding
本题答案：
A
B
C
D
参考答案：
D
系统解析：
细节题。文章末段的最后几句“This is known as spot welding...The oxide film, and any impurities which are trapped between the sheets, are squeezed out, and the weld is made.”介绍了点焊（spot welding)的方法和过程，所以[D]是正确答案。
42
What is the best title for the passage?
A.
Welding
B.
Soldering
C.
Fusion Welding
D.
Pressure Welding
本题答案：
A
B
C
D
参考答案：
A
系统解析：
主旨题。本文主要介绍了焊接（welding)的四种方式：pressure welding, fusion welding, spot welding, gas welding，故[A]是正确答案。
Sunspots act like planet-sized hurricanes that suck in as much material as they spew out, temporarily overriding the laws of magnetic fields, scientists said on Tuesday.
A team of researchers from NASA and Stanford University said by peering into the Sun for the first time， they discovered how the magnetic fields，which make up the cool dark sunspots on the surface, clump together instead of dispersing. Scientists had previously observed gases pouring out of the sunspots，and thought this was the product of the various magnetic fields repelling each other, in the same way magnets repel each other when brought together. But the researchers said the out-flowing matter is just a surface feature that occurs while the sunspot sucks in new material to hold itself together.
"If you look a bit deeper, you find material rushing inward, like a planet-sized whirlpool or hurricane. This inflow pulls the magnetic fields (back) together," said Junwei Zhao，one of the Stanford researchers. The pressure in this sunspot hurricane is about 10 times higher than a tropical hurricane on Earth，scientists said. "Without this flow，a sunspot would not last a day. With it, it lasts for weeks. In the end，the sunspot does get tom apart—but we still don't know how yet," Stanford colleague Philip Scherrer, said at a news conference.
To get this deeper knowledge the team used sound wave technology，which they likened to the ultrasound doctors use to capture images of unborn babies. The research showed the magnetic field below a sunspot would cut off the spot's supply of energy from the Sun's hot core，turning it into a plug. Any matter above the plug would then cool and become denser, until gravity dragged it and any surrounding gases into the center of the spot at 3,000 miles per hour. "As long as the magnetic field remains strong, the coding effect will maintain an inflow that makes the structure stable ...thereby setting up a self-perpetuating cycle," the team said in its report.
British scientist Douglas Gough from Cambridge University, described the group's findings as the solution to a 400-year-old riddle. Understanding the sunspot component would help scientists gain a global knowledge of the Sun, he said. "Take a TV set. It is not simply the sum of its components. And trying to understand the whole requires a greater global knowledge, but you can't build a TV set unless you know how the components work. It's the same with the Sun and its components," Gough said.
The findings are the latest in a long line of sunspot research, which stems back to the early 17th century, when Italian astronomer Galileo Galilei used sunspots to calculate the speed of the Sun's rotation. His hand-drawn renditions of sunspot locations contrasted sharply with the computer-generated multicolored models of sunspots on display at NASA's Washington headquarters. "Imagine yourself flying over a lake, you can see the surface but you don't know how deep it is, how the temperature varies with depth. It was the same with sunspots until now, NASA's George Withbroe said.
43
What does the word "override" mean in the first paragraph?
A.
To prevail over.
B.
To ride over or across.
C.
To stop a machine doing something.
D.
Not to notice something.
本题答案：
A
B
C
D
参考答案：
A
系统解析：
语义题。override所在句子为太阳黑子就如同恒星般巨大的飓风一样，吞没和它们喷涌出的一样的物质，并暂时……磁场规律，周二科学家们如是说。”结合上下文可知override在这里的意思是“压倒，超越”,所以选[A]。[B]意为“从……上骑过，驶过”，[C]意为“使机器停止干……”，[D]意为“不去注意，忽视”，均不正确。
44
The sunspot hurricane is about _____ times higher than a tropical hurricane on Earth.
A.
10
B.
10 billion
C.
10 thousand
D.
100
本题答案：
A
B
C
D
参考答案：
A
系统解析：
细节题。只需在略读时留意，便可从第三段中的“The pressure in this sunspot hurricane is about 10 times higher than a tropical hurricane on Earth, scientists said.”找到答案[A]。
45
What is the significance to understanding the sunspot component according to the passage?
A.
It will help scientists understand the magnetic field of the earth.
B.
It will help scientists understand the origin of the human life on earth.
C.
It will help scientists know other planets in the universe.
D.
It will help scientists gain a global knowledge of the Sun.
本题答案：
A
B
C
D
参考答案：
D
系统解析：
细节题。从第五段中的“Understanding the sunspot component would help scientists gain a global knowledge of the Sun, he said.”可以找到答案[D]。[A]、[B]、[C]在文中均未提及。
46
Which of the following is INCORRECT according to the passage?
A.
Sunspots act like planet-sized hurricanes.
B.
Sunspots only suck in materials.
C.
Sunspots both suck in .materials and spew out.
D.
Sunspots, hurricane lasts for weeks.
本题答案：
A
B
C
D
参考答案：
B
系统解析：
推理题。文章第一段提到太阳黑子就像恒星般巨大的飓风一样吞没和它们喷涌出的一样多的物质，这说明太阳黑子既吞没物质也喷出物质，所以[B]与原文不符。[A]、[C]与第一段相符，[D]与第三段中的“Without this flow, a sunspot would not last a day. With it, it lasts for weeks.”相符。
47
The passage is mainly concerned with_.
A.
the components of sunspots
B.
sunspots acting like planet-sized hurricanes
C.
a better understand of the sun
D.
sunspots and the hurricanes
本题答案：
A
B
C
D
参考答案：
B
系统解析：
主旨题。本文在第一段就明确指出了中心议题，即美国科学家认为太阳黑子就像行星飓风一 样活动，通过后文还可知这是对太阳黑子研究的最新发现，所以选[B]。[A]“太阳黑子的成分”，文章并未对此展开说明和论证；[C]“对太阳的更好了解”，与主题“太阳黑子”不符；[D]“太阳黑 子与飓风”，文章只是在开头将太阳黑子比作planet-sized hurricanes，其余部分并未具体讲述飓风以及两者之间的关系，故排除。
A new generation of mind-enhancing drugs that act? as "cosmetics" for the brain could become as common as a cup of coffee，according to an official investigation by leading scientists.
Powerful stimulants that improve memory, intellectual agility or other aspects of mental performance will almost certainly be developed over the next 20 years. They will have few side-effects, little or no addictive properties and could be used for non-medical purposes such as boosting exam performance, making better business decisions or even eliminating bad memories, the scientists said.
The first of these "cognition enhancers" is already being developed from research into existing drugs designed to treat medical problems. “In a world that is increasingly non-stop and competitive, the individual use of such substances may move from the fringe to the norm, with cognition enhancers used as coffee is today, says the Foresight report of the government's Office of Science and Technology. "Coalition enhancers are likely to be developed to treat people who need to improve attention, memory or wakefulness and to help people to forget, sleep more efficiently and be less impulsive，" the report says.
Drugs that help people to forget disturbing experiences raise the prospect of a future portrayed in films such as Total Recall or Eternal Sunshine of the Spotless Mind, where characters are able to forget painful relationships，the scientists said. But the possibility raises disturbing practical，ethical and social issues. "It is possible that such an advance could usher in a new era of drug use without addiction," says the report.
Professor Trevor Robbins of Cambridge University, one of the lead authors of the Foresight report, said yesterday that two drugs available on prescription were known to have mind-enhancing properties when taken by healthy people.
Ritalin, which is given to children with attention-deficit disorder, is being used by a small number of students in an attempt to improve exam results and by businessmen to boost boardroom performance. Modafinil, a drug designed to treat narcolepsy, is also used to improve the concentration of healthy people so they can make more accurate decisions, Professor Robbins said.
"What tends to happen is that the drug makes you less impulsive, it makes you more reflective about the problem so you take a bit longer, but you get it right," Professor Robbins said. Research into the chemistry of the brain has already identified about 60 natural compounds that affect the mind. Further work is almost certain to produce new drugs that could enhance mental performance，the Foresight report says.
"If we ever find ourselves in a society that embraced cognition enhancers,‘mental cosmetics’could become accepted and create new expectations about the performance and behaviour of individuals and groups," the report says. Cognitive enhancers could also be developed to help people come off addictive drugs or overcome post-traumatic stress disorder.
48
All of the following are non-medical purposes of the new generation of mind-enhancing drugs EXCEPT_____.
A.
improving your appetite
B.
eliminating bad memories making better business decisions
C.
making better business decision
D.
boosting exam performance
本题答案：
A
B
C
D
参考答案：
A
系统解析：
推理题。由第—段中的“...few side-effects，...for non-medical purposes such as boosting exam performance，making better business decisions or even eliminating bad memories.”可知，新一代大脑保健药物的功效有提高考试成绩、做出更合理的商业决定以及消除不好的记忆等，其中没有改善人的食欲的功效，所以选[A]。
49
Which of the following is NOT among the advances of the new drugs?
A.
Having few side-effects.
B.
Being able to be used for a long time.
C.
Being able to be used for non-medical purposes.
D.
Having little or no addictive properties.
本题答案：
A
B
C
D
参考答案：
B
系统解析：
推理题。文章第二段中列举了该保健药物的各种优点：“boosting exam performance, making better business decisions or even eliminating bad memories”，但没有提到可以长期服用这一点，所以选[B]。
50
The term "usher in" in Paragraph 4 can be replaced by_____.
A.
found
B.
create
C.
D.lead
D.
D.introduce
本题答案：
A
B
参考答案：
D
系统解析：
语义题。“usher in”所在句子意为这样的发展很可能会……无成瘾性药物使用的新时代。”结合上下文可知，“usher in”在这里是“引领，开创”的意思，和“introduce”在意思上更贴近一些，所以选[D]。found“建立”、create“创造”和lead“带领”都不能和“a new era”搭配，故排除[A]、[B]以及[C]。
51
Which of the following is INCORRECT according to the passage?
A.
Cognition enhancers may be used as coffee as today.
B.
It could become as common as a cup of coffee.
C.
It may help people sleep more efficiently.
D.
This kind of drugs is as tasty as coffee.
本题答案：
A
B
C
D
参考答案：
D
系统解析：
推理题。文章中两次把这种药物和咖啡比较，主要是说明这种药物会非常普遍，像现在的咖啡一样被人们所饮用和喜爱，但没有提到它和咖啡一样美味，所以选[D]。
52
It can be inferred from the passage that_____.
A.
"mental cosmetics" is already a reality
B.
a new generation of mind-enhancing drugs may be a near future
C.
Ritalin and Modafinil have no mind-enhancing properties
D.
cognitive enhancers have been developed perfectly
本题答案：
A
B
C
D
参考答案：
B
系统解析：
推理题。这篇文章对这种新一代药物的功用和优点进行了简单地介绍，但很明显这种药物还没有被正式研发出来，很多问题还停留在设想阶段，但是科学家对此表示出了极大的信心，所以[B]更准确，并且文章的第二段 “Powerful stimulants that improve memory, intellectual agility or other aspects of mental performance will almost certainly be developed over the next 20 years.”也说明了这一点。
One of the more noted optical illusions in the annals of visual deception appeared in the night sky this week when a giant full moon appeared on the horizon. The giant ball of yellow-white light made the Moon appear to linger for longer, and Earth’s satellite seemed larger at that point in its journey across the sky than at any other position.
In fact, the size of the Moon in the sky does not vary and its apparent enlargement on the horizon is purely a trick of the eye. It was first written about by the ancient Chinese and Greeks—although scientists are still arguing over its cause. The illusion was especially visible on Wednesday night because this month's full moon coincided with the summer solstice, while clear skies gave spectacular views as the moon rose slowly above the horizon. When the Moon is full, it and the Sun are on opposite sides of the sky. During summer, when the Sun rises high in our sky，the full moons are correspondingly low—allowing them to linger longer over the horizon.
The astronomer Sir Patrick Moore said that there was no doubt that when a full moon was low on the horizon it invariably looked bigger than when it was high up in the sky, but that this was purely an illusion. "The effect is visible at every full moon but was particularly good this time because the full moon was as low in the sky as it could ever be and appeared to hover above the horizon," Sir Patrick said.
One way of showing that the Moon does not really vary in size is to hold up a small coin to the sky to see how far away it can be held before it blocks out the Moon—it should do it at the same distance no matter where the Moon is positioned. "It has been known and commented on for many hundreds of years. An explanation was given by the last and greatest astronomer of ancient times，Ptolemy，who said the illusion was due to the fact that we were seeing the Moon across filled space and could compare it with objects such as trees and houses," Sir Patrick said.
The conventional explanation for the illusion today is that it is a combination of two psychological effects. The first is the Ponzo illusion, named after Mario Ponzo in 1913，who drew two identical bars across converging lines such as railway tracks. Both bars are the same size but the nearer looks smaller because the eye and the brain judge the farther bar to be bigger in proportion to its surroundings. This could explain why we perceive the Moon to be larger when it lies against a background of familiar objects such as trees and buildings.
However, critics of this idea point out that airline pilots flying at high altitudes sometimes experience the Moon illusion even without seeing any recognizable features on the horizon. And, curiously, the illusion disappears for many people when they bend down and watch a full moon through their legs.
The second explanation is that the brain does not see the sky as the "ceiling" of a true hemisphere, but rather as a flattened dome. In other words, objects that are overhead, such as flying birds, are perceived to be nearer than objects on the horizon—which is why we imagine objects on the horizon to be bigger than objects overhead.
But this explanation does not satisfy some scientists, either. In a theory similar in some ways to the Ponzo illusion, Professor Don McCready of the University of Wisconsin believes the true explanation rests in the fact that our brains tend to make objects smaller when they appear closer to us based on distance cues. When the Moon is on the horizon, the surrounding buildings and trees give us clues that it is very far away which causes the brain to perceive it to be larger than it would normally appear, Professor McCready said.
53
The conventional explanation for the Moon illusion today is that_____.
A.
our brains tend to make objects smaller when they appear closer to us based on distance cues
B.
objects that are overhead are perceived to be nearer than objects on the horizon
C.
the effects of Ponzo illusion
D.
it is a combination of two psychological effects
本题答案：
A
B
C
D
参考答案：
D
系统解析：
细节题。由文章第五段中的“The conventional explanation for the illusion today is that it is a combination of two psychological effects.”可明确得出[D]为答案。
54
Which of the following is INCORRECT according to the passage?
A.
The brain does not see the sky as the "ceiling" of a true hemisphere, but rather as a flattened dome.
B.
The size of the Moon in the sky does not vary and its apparent enlargement on the horizon is purely a trick of the eye.
C.
Professor Don McCready believes our brains tend to make objects bigger when they appear closer to us based on distance cues.
D.
The moon illusion is an optical illusion.
本题答案：
A
B
C
D
参考答案：
C
系统解析：
细节题。从文章末段“Professor Don McCready of the University of Wisconsin believes the true explanation rests in the fact that our brains tend to make objects smaller when they appear closer to us based on distance cues.”可以看出[C]与原文不符，故为答案。
55
What is the question raised in the passage?
A.
Has the Moon got bigger?
B.
Has the Moon changed its color?
C.
What does the Ponzo illusion mean?
D.
What is visual illusion?
本题答案：
A
B
C
D
参考答案：
A
系统解析：
主旨题。本文主要探讨了月亮在地平线上和髙悬在天空时，使人在视觉上产生错觉的现象，并对此提出了几种不同的解释。对几个选项进行综合比较后发现，[A]更符合文章主旨。
56
Which of the following is INCORRECT about Ponzo Illusion?
A.
It could explain why we perceive the Moon to be larger when it lies against a background of familiar objects.
B.
The idea does not make sense without its surroundings or specific features on the horizon.
C.
The idea puzzles many people when they watch a full moon through their legs.
D.
It was named after Mario Ponzo in 1913.
本题答案：
A
B
C
D
参考答案：
B
系统解析：
细节题。本题可结合第五和第六段来判断。由第五段最后一句“This could explain why we perceive the Moon to be larger when it lies against a background of familiar objects...”可知[A]符合文意，故排除。由第六段第一句可知，在视野中没有特定物体或环境时，比如飞行的高空，同样也会出现这种幻觉，[B]不符合文意。由第六段第二句可知，在人们弯下腰从两腿间遥看月亮时，这种幻觉却消失了，这使人费解，故[C]表述正确，可排除。由第五段第二句可知，这种现象确实是在竹13年以 Mario Ponzo来命名的，[D]符合文意，故排除。由此得出[B]为答案。
57
The passage suggests that there is_____.
A.
no final answer to the Moon illusion
B.
no final answer to the size of the Moon
C.
a definite answer to the Moon illusion
D.
no final answer to people's visual illusion
本题答案：
A
B
C
D
参考答案：
A
系统解析：
推理题。本文对于月亮错觉给出了几种不同的解释，但是并未明确认定哪种解释是最终的结论，所以[A]为正确答案。
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