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Just seven years ago, the Jarvik-7 artificial heart was being cheered as the model of human creativeness.The sight of Barney Clark-alive and conscious after trading his diseased heart for a metal-and-plastic pump-convinced the press, the public and many doctors that the future had arrived.It hadn't.After monitoring production of the Jarvik-7, and reviewing its effects on the 150 or so patients (most of whom got the device as a temporary measure) the U.S.Food and Drug Administration concluded that the machine was doing more to endanger lives than to save them.Last week the agency cancelled its earlier approval, effectively banning (禁止) the device.
The recall may hurt Symbion Inc., maker of the Jarvik-7, but it won't end the request for an artificial heart.One problem with the banned mode is that the tubes connecting it to an external power source created a passage for infection.Inventors are now working on new devices that would be fully placed, along with a tiny power pack, in the patient's chest.The first sample products aren't expected for another 10 or 20 years.But some people are already worrying that they'll work—and that America's overextended health—care programs will lose a precious $2.5 billion to $5 billion a year providing them for a relatively few dying patients.If such expenditures (开支) cut into funding for more basic care, the net effect could actually be a decline in the nation's health.
1
According to the passage, the Jarvik-7 artificial heart proved to be _____.
A.
a technical failure
B.
a technical wonder
C.
a good life-saver
D.
an effective means to treat heart disease
本题答案：
A
B
C
D
参考答案：
A
系统解析：
文章一开头说Jarvik-7以前被认为是一大技术成就，但文章第1段倒数第2句中提到,美国食品与药品管理局得出结论,认为这种仪器与其说是挽救生命,不如说是将生命置于更加危险的境地。由此可知Jarvik-7是一个技术失败,故选A。
2
From the passage we know that Symbion Inc._____.
A.
has been banned by the government from producing artificial hearts
B.
will review the effects of artificial hearts before designing new models
C.
may continue to work on new models of reliable artificial hearts
D.
can make new models of artificial hearts available on the market in 10 to 20 years
本题答案：
A
B
C
D
参考答案：
C
系统解析：
文章第2段第1句提到，要求生产人造心脏的Symbion公司召回其销售的人造心脏，这对该公来说或许是一种损失，但这一禁令不会终结人们对人造心脏的需求。从这一句可推断出应选C。原文只提到政府禁止Jarvik-7这种型号的人造心脏，A把范围扩大到了所有的人造心脏;B在原文中并未提及；D说的对象不是Symbion公司，也可排除。
3
The new models of artificial hearts are expected ______.
A.
to have a working life of 10 or 20 years
B.
to be set fully in the patient's chest
C.
to be equipped with an external power source
D.
to create a new passage for infection
本题答案：
A
B
C
D
参考答案：
B
系统解析：
文章中第2段第3句提到，这种新仪器可以完全置于患者的胸腔内，B与之相符，故选B。A在文中并未提及；C、D说的对象是Jarvik-7，故也排除。
4
The word "them" in Line 7, Para.2 refers to _____.
A.
doctors who treat heart diseases
B.
makers of artificial hearts
C.
America's health-care programs
D.
New model of artificial hearts
本题答案：
A
B
C
D
参考答案：
D
系统解析：
从句子意思看，"向为数不多的瀕危病人提供" 的显然是上一句中的sample products，即可与电源组一并植于人体内的new devices，故选D。
5
Some people feel that ______.
A.
artificial hearts are seldom effective
B.
the country should not spend so much money on artificial hearts
C.
the country is not spending enough money on artificial hearts
D.
America's health-care programs are not doing enough for the nation's health
本题答案：
A
B
C
D
参考答案：
B
系统解析：
第2段倒数第2句But some people are already worrying…这句话体现了有些人已经在担心，为为数不多的垂危病人动用巨额资金购置新型的人造心脏是否合算，而由该段最后一句可以看出作者认为这样的做法是不明智的，因此B是答案。
Where do pesticides fit into the picture of environmental disease? We have seen that they now pollute soil, water and food, that they have the power to make our streams fishless and our gardens and woodlands silent and birdless.Man, however much he may like to pretend the contrary, is part of nature.Can he escape a pollution that is now so thoroughly distributed throughout our world:
We know that even single exposures to these chemicals, if the amount is large enough, can cause extremely severe poisoning.But this is not the major problem.The sudden illness or death of farmers, farmworkers, and others exposed to sufficient quantities of pesticides is very sad and should not occur.For the population as a whole, we must be more concerned with the delayed effects of absorbing small amounts of the pesticides that invisibly pollute our world.
Responsible public health officials have pointed out that the biological effects of chemicals are cumulative over long periods of time, and that the danger to individual may depend on the sum of the exposures received throughout his lifetime.For these very reasons the danger is easily ignored.It is human nature to shake off what may seem to us a threat of future disaster."Men are naturally most impressed by diseases which have obvious signs, " says a wise physician, Dr Rene Dubos, "yet some of their worst enemies slowly approach them unnoticed."
6
Which of the following is closest in meaning to the sentence "Man…is part of nature" (Para.1, Lines 3-4)?
A.
Man appears indifferent to what happens in nature.
B.
Man acts as if he does not belong to nature.
C.
Man can avoid the effects of environmental pollution.
D.
Man can escape his responsibilities for environmental effects of pesticides?
本题答案：
A
B
C
D
参考答案：
B
系统解析：
题干的句子是文章第1段第3句，这是一个带有插入语的简单句，contrary在此表示跟part of nature相反，因此答案为B。
7
What is the author"s attitude toward the environmental effects of pesticides?
A.
Pessimistic
B.
Indifferent
C.
Defensive
D.
Concerned
本题答案：
A
B
C
D
参考答案：
D
系统解析：
第2段最后一句提到，我们必须更加关注吸收少量杀虫剂的潜在后果，它们正在不知不觉地污染我们的世界。因此，作者对杀虫剂对环境的影响关注且担忧,D符合题意。
8
In the author"s view, the sudden death caused by exposure to large amounts of pesticides _____.
A.
is not the worst of the negative consequences resulting from the use of pesticides
B.
now occurs most frequently among all accidental deaths
C.
has sharply increased so as to become the center of public attention
D.
is unavoidable because people can"t do without pesticides in farming
本题答案：
A
B
C
D
参考答案：
A
系统解析：
第2段第2句提到，杀虫剂使人突然发病或者死亡是很令人难过的亊，对于人口整体来说，人类对杀虫剂长期累计的潜在后果的认识不足，才是最严重的问题，故选A。
9
People tend to ignore the delayed effects of exposure to chemical because _____.
A.
limited exposure to them does little harm to people"s health
B.
the present is more important for them than the future
C.
the danger does not become apparent immediately
D.
humans are capable of withstanding small amounts of poisoning
本题答案：
A
B
C
D
参考答案：
C
系统解析：
根据第3段倒数第2句说的"对未来的灾难无动于衷是人的本性"以及最后一句说的"大多数人只对有明显迹象的疾病予以关注"可知C正是人们忽视化学药物的潜在危害的原因，故选C。
10
It can be concluded from Dr.Dubos remarks that _____.
A.
people find invisible diseases difficult to deal with
B.
attacks by hidden enemies tend to be fatal
C.
diseases with obvious signs are easy to cure
D.
people tend to overlook hidden dangers caused by pesticides
本题答案：
A
B
C
D
参考答案：
D
系统解析：
Dubos博士话中"最可怕的敌人"指的是"杀虫剂引起的潜在危险"，博士话中的slowly approach them unnoticed直接表明D正确。
Long after the 1998 World Cup was won, disappointed fans were still cursing the disputed refereeing(裁判)decisions that denied victory to their team.A researcher was appointed to study the performance of some top referees.
The researcher organized an experimental tournament(锦标赛)involving four youth teams.Each match lasted an hour, divided into three periods of 20 minutes during which different referees were in charge.
Observers noted down the referees'errors, of which there were 61 over the tournament.Converted to a standard match of 90 minutes, each referee made almost 23 mistakes, a remarkably high number.
The researcher then studied the videotapes to analyze the matches in detail.Surprisingly, he found that errors were more likely when the referees were close to the incident.When the officials got it right, they were, on average, 17 meters away from the action.The average distance in the case of errors was12 meters.The research shows the optimum(最佳的)distance is about 20 meters.
There also seemed to be an optimum speed.Correct decisions came when the referees were moving at a speed of about 2 meters per second.The average speed for errors was 4 meters per second.
If FIFA, football's international ruling body, wants to improve the standard of refereeing at the next World Cup, it should encourage referees to keep their eyes on the action from a distance, rather than rushing to keep up with the ball, the researcher argues.
He also says that FIFA's insistence that referees should retire at age 45 may be misguided.If keeping up with the action is not so important, their physical condition is less critical.
11
The experiment conducted by the researcher was meant to_______.
A.
review the decisions of referees at the 1998 World Cup
B.
analyze the causes of errors made by football referees
C.
set a standard for football refereeing
D.
reexamine the rules for football refereeing
本题答案：
A
B
C
D
参考答案：
B
系统解析：
根据第1段可知，球迷对裁判的裁决不满意，因此"A researcher was appointed to study the performance of some top referees.一名研究员被指定对一些高级裁判的场上执法情况进行研究",再加上文中error一词頻频使用，可见，目的是分析裁判误判的原因，即B。
12
The number of refereeing errors in the experimental matches was _______.
A.
slightly above average
B.
higher than in the 1998 World Cup
C.
quite unexpected
D.
as high as in a standard match
本题答案：
A
B
C
D
参考答案：
C
系统解析：
第3段说"在90分钟的标准赛中，每个裁判几乎犯23个错误，这是一个remarkably high number", C与之一致。
13
The findings of the experiment show that _______.
A.
errors are more likely when a referee keeps close to the ball
B.
the farther the referee is from the incident, the fewer the errors
C.
the more slowly the referee runs, the more likely will errors occur
D.
errors are less likely when a referee stays in one spot
本题答案：
A
B
C
D
参考答案：
A
系统解析：
第4段第2句提到，令人惊讶的是，裁判离犯规地点越近，错判的可能性就越大,A为原文的同义表达，故选A。B项的干扰性比较大，但由下一句可知，正确判断的平均距离是离犯规处17米。故并非越远，错判就越少，故排除B。
14
The word "officials" (Line 2, Para.4) most probably refers to _______.
A.
the researchers involved in the experiment
B.
the inspectors of the football tournament
C.
the referees of the football tournament
D.
the observers at the site of the experiment
本题答案：
A
B
C
D
参考答案：
C
系统解析：
根据第4段officials出现的上下文可以判断是指referees，其实这也是全文主题词.故选C。
15
What is one of the possible conclusions of the experiment?
A.
The ideal retirement age for an experienced football referee is 45
B.
Age should not be the chief consideration in choosing a football referee.
C.
A football referee should be as young and energetic as possible.
D.
An experienced football referee can do well even when in poor physical condition.
本题答案：
A
B
C
D
参考答案：
B
系统解析：
最后一段提到，如果紧跟着球员跑来跑去显得不那么重要的话，栽判的身体状况也就不那么关键了。所以它的含义应为B "在选择足球裁判时，年龄并不是首要考虑的因素"。
Some pessimistic experts feel that the automobile is bound to fall into disuse.They see a day in the not-too-distant future when all autos will be abandoned and allowed to rust.Other authorities, however, think the auto is here to stay.They hold that the car will remain a leading means of urban travel in the foreseeable future.
The motorcar will undoubtedly change significantly over the next 30 years.It should become smaller, safer, and more economical, and should not be powered by the gasoline engine.The car of the future should be far more pollution-free than present types.
Regardless of its power source, the auto in the future will still be the main problem in urban traffic congestion (拥挤).One proposed solution to this problem is the automated highway system.
When the auto enters the highway system, a retractable (可伸缩的) arm will drop from the auto and make contact with a rail, which is similar to those powering subway trains electrically.Once attached to the rail, the car will become electrically powered from the system, and control of the vehicle will pass to a central computer.The computer will then monitor all of the car's movements.
The driver will use a telephone to dial instructions about his destination into the system.The computer will calculate the best route, and reserve space for the car all the way to the correct exit from the highway.The driver will then be free to relax and wait for the buzzer (蜂鸣器) that will warn him of his coming exit.It is estimated that an automated highway will be able to handle 10,000 vehicles per hour, compared with the 1,500 to 2,000 vehicles that can be carried by a present-day highway.
16
One significant improvement in the future car will probably be ________.
A.
its power source
B.
its driving system
C.
its monitoring system
D.
its seating capacity
本题答案：
A
B
C
D
参考答案：
A
系统解析：
推断题。从第2段首句可以看出第2段主要讲未来汽车的变化方向。该段第2 、3句说它将变得更小巧、安全、节能，给它提供动力的将不再是汽油发动机。而第3段也着重展望了未来汽车动力系统的新模式，故未来汽车一个最重要的改进就在于它的能量来源，故答案为A。
17
What is the author's main concern?
A.
How to render automobiles pollution-free.
B.
How to make smaller and safer automobiles.
C.
How to solve the problem of traffic jams.
D.
How to develop an automated subway system.
本题答案：
A
B
C
D
参考答案：
C
系统解析：
事实细节题。第3段首句提到，未来的汽车仍将是令城市交通拥挤的主要问题而这也是作者最为关心的问题，C之相符。其他各项在文章中都提到过，但并非the main problem，故排除。
18
What provides autos with electric power in an automated highway system?
A.
A rail.
B.
An engine.
C.
A retractable arm.
D.
A computer controller.
本题答案：
A
B
C
D
参考答案：
A
系统解析：
事实细节题。文章第4段第1、2句提到，当汽车进入高速公路系统后,一只自动伸缩臂就会从车上伸下来，搭上一根铁轨，这根铁轨类似于为地铁列车提供电能的那些铁轨，一旦汽车连接到rail上，它就可以从中获得电能。因此A正确。
19
In an automated highway system, all the driver needs to do is ________.
A.
keep in the right lane
B.
wait to arrive at his destination
C.
keep in constant touch with the computer center
D.
inform the system of his destination by phone
本题答案：
A
B
C
D
参考答案：
D
系统解析：
事实细节题。最后一段首句提到，司机将通过电话发出指令，把目的地输入系统。由此可见，司机可以使用电话来告知系统他的目的地，故选D。A、B、C在文中没有提及。
20
What is the author's attitude toward the future of autos?
A.
Enthusiastic.
B.
Pessimistic.
C.
Optimistic.
D.
Cautious.
本题答案：
A
B
C
D
参考答案：
C
系统解析：
推断题。根据第2段和最后一段（特别是最后一句）不难看出作者对于汽车发展的前景持乐观态度，故选C。
New technology links the world as never before.Our planet has shrunk.It's now a "global village" where countries are only seconds away by fax or phone or satellite link.And, of course, our ability to benefit from this high-tech communications equipment is greatly enhanced by foreign language skills.
Deeply involved with this new technology is a breed of modern businesspeople who have a growing respect for the economic value of doing business abroad.In modern markets, success overseas often helps support domestic business efforts.
Overseas assignments are becoming increasingly important to advancement within executive ranks.The executive stationed in another country no longer need fear being "out of sight and out of mind." He or she can be sure that the overseas effort is central to the company's plan for success, and that promotions often follow or accompany an assignment abroad.If an employee can succeed in a difficult assignment overseas, superiors will have greater confidence in his or her ability to cope back in the United States where cross-cultural considerations and foreign language issues are becoming more and more prevalent (普遍的).
Thanks to a variety of relatively inexpensive communications devices with business applications, even small businesses in the United States are able to get into international markets.
English is still the international language of business.But there is an ever-growing need for people who can speak another language.A second language isn't generally required to get a job in business, but having language skills gives a candidate the edge when other qualifications appear to be equal
The employee posted abroad who speaks the country's principal language has an opportunity to fast-forward certain negotiations, and cam have the cultural insight to know when it is better to move more slowly.The employee at the home office who can communicate well with foreign clients over the telephone or by fax machine is an obvious asset to the firm.
21
What is the author's attitude toward high-tech communications equipment?
A.
Critical.
B.
Prejudiced.
C.
Indifferent.
D.
Positive.
本题答案：
A
B
C
D
参考答案：
D
系统解析：
事实辨认题。题目询问的是作者对于髙科技通讯设备的态度是什么。根据文章的第1段特别是最后一句中的benefit,可推断作者是持肯定态度的，即答案为D。
22
With the increased use of high-tech communications equipment, businesspeople ________.
A.
have to get familiar with modern technology
B.
are gaining more economic benefits from domestic operations
C.
are attaching more importance to their overseas business
D.
are eager to work overseas
本题答案：
A
B
C
D
参考答案：
C
系统解析：
事实辨认题。根据第2段第1句中的who have a growing respect...abroad可看出，随着髙科技通讯设备的广泛使用，商人们越来越重视海外商务的经济价值,C与之一致。"
23
In this passage,"out of sight and out of mind" (Lines 2-3, Para.3) probably means ________.
A.
being unable to think properly for lack of insight
B.
being totally out of touch with business at home
C.
missing opportunities for promotion when abroad
D.
leaving all care and worry behind
本题答案：
A
B
C
D
参考答案：
C
系统解析：
语义推断题。根据第3段第2、3句中说的"他确信国外的事务对公司的成功计划至关重要，派往国外时或之 后常能得到升迁。"可知，在海外的管理人员不再会担心被遗忘而错过升职机会，因此"眼不见，心不念"即为C"在国外时错过国内升职机会"。
24
According to the passage, what is an important consideration of international corporations in employing people today?
A.
Connections with businesses overseas.
B.
Ability to speak the client's language.
C.
Technical know-how.
D.
Business experience.
本题答案：
A
B
C
D
参考答案：
B
系统解析：
事实辨认题。题目询问的是根据短文，当今在雇佣雇员时，国际化的公司应该着重考虑什么。这是第5段的话题，其中核心词是language,只有B"会说顾客的语言"符合。
25
The advantage of employees having foreign language skills is that they can ________.
A.
better control the whole negotiation process
B.
easily find new approaches to meet market needs
C.
fast-forward their proposals to headquarters
D.
easily make friends with businesspeople abroad
本题答案：
A
B
C
D
参考答案：
A
系统解析：
事实辨认題。题目询问的是具有外语能力的雇员的优势究竟是什么。根据最后一段第1句可知，"派往国外的雇员若能讲该国的主要语言，就有机会加快谈判进程,而且能知道什么时候最好放慢节拍。" A"具有外语 能力的雇员的优势就是他们可以)更好地控制整个谈判的过程"与之一致，故为答案。
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