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More than 37 million people in the U.S. have diabetes and one in five of them don't even know they have it.
美国超过3700万人患有糖尿病，其中五分之一的人甚至不知道自己患有糖尿病。
Here's how diabetes works and why it's on the rise.
以下是糖尿病的形成原因，以及为什么美国糖尿病人数在上升。
Diabetes is a chronic health condition that affects how your body turns food into energy.
糖尿病是一种慢性健康疾病，会影响你的身体将食物转化为能量的方式。
Your body breaks down most of the food you eat into sugar, also known as glucose, and releases it into your bloodstream.
你的身体将你吃的大部分食物分解成糖，也就是葡萄糖，并将其释放到你的血液中。
Glucose is an important source of energy for the cells that make up the body's muscles and tissues, and it's the brain's main source of fuel.
葡萄糖是人体肌肉和组织细胞的重要能量来源，也是大脑的主要能量来源。
When your blood sugar goes up, it signals to your pancreas to release the hormone insulin.
你的血糖升高时，葡萄糖会向你的胰腺发出信号，让它释放名为胰岛素的激素。
Think of insulin as the key that opens the doors of the cells in your body.
你可以把胰岛素看作是打开你体内细胞之门的钥匙。
Without enough insulin, glucose can't get into your cells and instead builds up in your blood.
如果没有足够的胰岛素，葡萄糖就无法进入细胞，而是在你的血液中堆积。
High blood glucose or high blood sugar, also known as hyperglycemia, can cause vomiting, excessive hunger and thirst, rapid heartbeat, vision problems, and other symptoms.
高血糖会导致呕吐、过度饥饿和口渴、心跳加速、视力下降等症状。
With diabetes, your body either doesn't make enough insulin or doesn't use it as well as it should.
患糖尿病是因为你的身体没有产生足够的胰岛素或者没有充分利用胰岛素。
There are three main types of diabetes: Type 1, Type 2, and gestational.
糖尿病有三种主要类型：1型、2型和妊娠糖尿病。
Type 1 is usually diagnosed in children, teens, and young adults, and is thought to be caused by the body attacking its insulin, making beta cells in the pancreas by mistake, otherwise known as an autoimmune reaction.
1型糖尿病多见于儿童、青少年和已成年的年轻人，是身体攻击自身胰岛素而导致的，人体错误地攻击了胰腺中的β细胞，这也被称为自身免疫反应。
About 90-95% of people with diabetes have Type 2, where your body doesn't respond normally to insulin and the pancreas can't keep up making the insulin needed to keep blood sugar at normal levels.
大约90%-95%的糖尿病患者都是2型糖尿病，患者的身体对胰岛素反应不正常，胰腺无法继续制造适量的胰岛素将血糖保持在正常水平。
Gestational diabetes develops in pregnant women who have never had the disease.
妊娠糖尿病患者是从未患过糖尿病的孕妇。
It usually goes away after the baby is born, but half of all women who had gestational diabetes developed type two diabetes later.
患者通常在婴儿出生后康复，但所有患有妊娠糖尿病的女性中，有一半之后会患上2型糖尿病。
Some symptoms of diabetes include feeling more thirsty than usual, urinating often, and blurry vision.
糖尿病的症状包括比平时更渴，经常小便，以及视力模糊。
In the last 20 years, the number of adults diagnosed with diabetes has more than doubled.
在过去的20年里，被诊断为糖尿病的成年人增加了一倍多。
As for young adults and kids, the CDC expects a 700% increase in Type 2 diabetes diagnoses by 2060.
至于年轻人和儿童，美国疾病控制与预防中心预计，到2060年，2型糖尿病的确诊人数将增加700%。
Obesity is the leading risk factor for Type 2 diabetes, while family history and age are the known risk factors for Type 1.
肥胖是2型糖尿病的主要危险因素，而遗传和年龄是1型糖尿病的已知危险因素。
While there is no cure, there are ways to prevent delay, or even reverse Type 2 diabetes with lifestyle changes like losing weight, exercising, and eating healthy foods.
2型糖尿病虽然无法完全治愈，但可以用一些改变生活方式的方法来预防、延迟，甚至逆转，比如减肥、锻炼和吃健康食物。
