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(While) in a lot of ways, relationships with friends had a similar effect as those with family,
“(尽管）很多时候，与朋友的关系和与家人的关系对健康有着类似的影响，”
says William Chopik, assistant professor of psychology at Michigan State University and the author of the study,
该项研究的研究员兼密歇根州立大学心理学助理教授William Chopik如是说到，
in others, they surpassed them.
“但在其他时候，前者对健康的影响要大于后者。”
If the primacy of family has been oversold as a key to long life, so has the importance of avoiding conflict or emotional upset.
如果说家庭至上的地位被人们过度推崇成了长寿的关键，那避免冲突以及情绪不稳定的重要性也不例外。
Shouting back at cable news is no way to spend your golden years,
一边看电视新闻一边破口大骂绝对不适合人生的黄金岁月，
but passion, it’s turning out, may be more life-sustaining than apathy, engagement more than indifference.
但事实表明，激情和参与要比冷漠和漠不关心更有利于长寿。
In a study published by the American Aging Association,
在美国老龄化协会发表的一项研究中，
researchers analyzed data from the Georgia Centenarian Study,
研究人员分析了“格鲁吉亚百岁老人研究”的数据，
a survey of 285 people who were at least (or nearly) 100 years old,
该研究调查了285名至少（或接近）100岁的人，
as well as 273 family members and other proxies who provided information about them.
以及273名家庭成员或其他提供这些人信息的代理人。
The investigators were looking at how the subjects scored on various personality traits,
调查人员研究了受试者各个人格特征的分值，
including conscientiousness, extraversion, hostility and neuroticism.
比如责任心，外向性，是否经常言行带刺，是否存在神经质问题等。
As a group, the centenarians tested lower on neuroticism and higher on competence and extraversion
从整体来看，百岁老人神经质这一指标分值较低，能力和外向分值较高。
Their proxies ranked them a bit higher on neuroti-cism, as well as on hostility.
而代理人给他们的神经质和言行带刺方面打的分值略高一些。
It’s impossible to draw a straight line between those strong personality traits and long life,
我们无法在鲜明的性格特征和长寿之间划一条直线，
but the authors saw a potential one,
但研究人员们还是看到了希望，
citing other studies showing that centenarians rank high on "moral righteousness,"
他们引用了其他研究，那些研究表明百岁老人在“道德正义”方面排名较为靠前，
which leads to robust temperaments that "may help centenarians adapt well to later life."
而那些特点会给人带来健康的“可能帮助了百岁老人很好地适应老年生活”的性情。
At the same time, that crankiness, judiciously deployed, can be adaptive, its polar opposite— cheerfulness and optimism—may be less so.
然而发挥得当的话，那种谨慎的态度也有利于适应老年生活，而其另一面-快乐和乐观-或许就不那么有利了。
Worried people are likelier to be vigilant people,
因为容易焦虑的人很可能警惕性很强，
alert to a troubling physical symptom
对令人不安的身体症状会很敏感，
or a loss of some faculty that overly optimistic people might dismiss.
对乐天派可能会无视的某些能力的丧失也是如此。
Friedman and his collaborator Leslie R. Martin, a professor of psychology at La Sierra University in Riverside, Calif.,
弗里德曼和他的共同研究者、加州里弗赛德拉塞拉大学心理学教授莱斯利·R. 马丁，
base their book on work begun in 1921 by Stanford University psychologist Lewis Terman,
共同出了一本书，书的内容基于斯坦福大学心理学家刘易斯·特曼于1921年开始的一项研究
who recruited 1,500 boys and girls born around 1910 and proposed to follow them throughout their lifetimes
刘易斯招募了1500名1910年左右出生的一批男女，并对他们进行了终身的跟踪调查，
and, when he died—which happened in 1956—to have successors continue the work.
他去世的时候 - 也就是1956年 - 他的继任者接替了他的工作。
Friedman and Martin have been two of those successors, and they’ve learned a lot.
弗里德曼和马丁两人也是其中之一，而且他们从这项研究中受益颇多。
"Our research found that the more cheerful, outgoing children did not, for the most part,
“我们的研究发现，在大多数情况下，更开朗更外向的孩子
live any longer than their more introverted or serious classmates," says Friedman.
并没有比更内向更严肃的同学更长寿，”弗里德曼说。
Excessively happy people may ignore real threats and fail to take precautions or follow medical advice.
过于幸福的人可能会忽略真正的健康威胁，没有提前做好预防措施或者遵从医嘱。
It is O.K. to fret—if in a responsible manner.
会焦虑也没关系——如果这种焦虑是本着负责任的态度的话。
